Undid revision 1165084602 by Hemiauchenia (talk): Preservation potential, a single concept, is relevant to both paleontology and geology; that does not make it incoherent
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Alter: title, pages. Add: issue, volume, bibcode. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Beetles of North America | #UCB_Category 95/892
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Superfamily [[Lepiceroidea]] <small>[[H. E. Hinton|Hinton]], 1936</small> |
Superfamily [[Lepiceroidea]] <small>[[H. E. Hinton|Hinton]], 1936</small> |
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*Family [[Lepiceridae]] <small>[[H. E. Hinton|Hinton]], 1936</small> |
*Family [[Lepiceridae]] <small>[[H. E. Hinton|Hinton]], 1936</small> |
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**''[[Lepicerus]]'' <small>[[ |
**''[[Lepicerus]]'' <small>[[Victor Motschulsky|Motschulsky]], 1855</small> |
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**†''[[Lepiceratus]]'' <small>Jałoszyński et al. 2020<ref name=":1" /></small> |
**†''[[Lepiceratus]]'' <small>Jałoszyński et al. 2020<ref name=":1" /></small> |
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Superfamily [[Sphaeriusoidea]] <small>[[Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson|Erichson]], 1845</small> |
Superfamily [[Sphaeriusoidea]] <small>[[Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson|Erichson]], 1845</small> |
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** ''[[Iapir]]'' <small>Py-Daniel, da Fonseca & Barbosa, 1993</small> |
** ''[[Iapir]]'' <small>Py-Daniel, da Fonseca & Barbosa, 1993</small> |
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** ''[[Incoltorrida]]'' <small>Steffan, 1973</small> |
** ''[[Incoltorrida]]'' <small>Steffan, 1973</small> |
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** ''[[Satonius]]'' <small>[[Endrödy-Younga]], 1997</small> |
** ''[[Satonius]]'' <small>[[Sebastian Endrödy-Younga|Endrödy-Younga]], 1997</small> |
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** ''[[Torridincola]]'' <small>Steffan, 1964</small> |
** ''[[Torridincola]]'' <small>Steffan, 1964</small> |
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** ''[[Ytu (beetle)|Ytu]]'' <small>Reichardt, 1973</small> |
** ''[[Ytu (beetle)|Ytu]]'' <small>Reichardt, 1973</small> |
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== Fossil record == |
== Fossil record == |
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The fossil record of myxophagan beetles is sparse, likely due to their small size limiting [[preservation potential]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Fikáček |first1=Martin |last2=Beutel |first2=Rolf G. |last3=Cai |first3=Chenyang |last4=Lawrence |first4=John F. |last5=Newton |first5=Alfred F. |last6=Solodovnikov |first6=Alexey |last7=Ślipiński |first7=Adam |last8=Thayer |first8=Margaret K. |last9=Yamamoto |first9=Shûhei |date=January 2020 |title=Reliable placement of beetle fossils via phylogenetic analyses – Triassic Leehermania as a case study (Staphylinidae or Myxophaga?) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/syen.12386 |journal=Systematic Entomology |language=en |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=175–187 |doi=10.1111/syen.12386 |s2cid=203407211 |issn=0307-6970}}</ref> The currently oldest myxophagan is ''[[Triamyxa]],'' described in 2021 from numerous specimens of found in a [[coprolite]] found in Late Triassic ([[Carnian]]) aged sediments in Poland. It was placed in its own monotypic family Triamyxidae, and was resolved as either the most basal myxophagan or sister to Hydroscaphidae.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Qvarnström |first1=Martin |last2=Fikáček |first2=Martin |last3=Vikberg Wernström |first3=Joel |last4=Huld |first4=Sigrid |last5=Beutel |first5=Rolf G. |last6=Arriaga-Varela |first6=Emmanuel |last7=Ahlberg |first7=Per E. |last8=Niedźwiedzki |first8=Grzegorz |date=June 2021 |title=Exceptionally preserved beetles in a Triassic coprolite of putative dinosauriform origin |journal=Current Biology |volume=31 |issue=15 |language=en |pages=3374–3381.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.015 |pmid=34197727 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The next oldest is ''[[Leehermania]]'' from the Late Triassic ([[Norian]]) [[Cow Branch Formation]] of North Carolina, which had previously been interpreted as the oldest known [[rove beetle]] but in 2019 was reinterpreted as an early diverging relative of the family Hydroscaphidae.<ref name=":1" /> A fossil impression assigned to the living genus ''[[Hydroscapha]]'' in Hydroscaphidae is known from the [[Yixian Formation]] in the [[Jehol Biota]], dating from the [[Early Cretaceous]] ([[Aptian]]).<ref name="firstskiff">{{cite journal |author1=Cai, C. |author2=Short, A. E. Z. |author3=Huang, D. |date=2012 |title=The First Skiff Beetle (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Hydroscaphidae) from Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=116–9 |doi=10.1666/11-050.1 |s2cid=140170420}}</ref> Fossils from the early Late Cretaceous ([[Cenomanian]]) aged [[Burmese amber]] from Myanmar, have been assigned to the extant genus ''[[Lepicerus]]'' and extinct genus ''[[Lepiceratus]]'' within Lepiceridae,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kirejtshuk, A. G. |author2=Poinar, G. |date=2006 |title=Haplochelidae, a new family of cretaceous beetles (Coleoptera: Myxophaga) from Burmese amber |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |volume=108 |pages=155–164}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ge, S. Q. |author2=Friedrich, F. |author3=Beutel, R. G. |date=2010 |title=On the systematic position and taxonomic rank of the extinct myxophagan dagger Haplochelus (Coleoptera) |url=http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/187631210x537385 |journal=Insect Systematics and Evolution |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=329–338 |doi=10.1163/187631210X537385}}</ref><ref name=":0">Jałoszyński, Paweł; Luo, Xiao-Zhu; Hammel, Jörg U.; Yamamoto, Shûhei & Beutel, Rolf G. (2020). "The mid-Cretaceous †''Lepiceratus'' gen. nov. and the evolution of the relict beetle family Lepiceridae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Myxophaga)". ''Journal of Systematic Palaeontology''. '''18''' (13). {{doi|10.1080/14772019.2020.1747561}}</ref> as well as the extant ''[[Sphaerius]]'' and ''[[Bezesporum]]'' and the extinct ''[[Burmasporum]]'' and ''[[Crowsonaerius]]'', belonging to Sphaerusidae.<ref name=":3">{{cite journal |author1=Kirejtshuk, A. G. |date=2009 |title=A new genus and species of Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera, Myxophaga) from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber |url=http://www.zobodat.at/stable/pdf/DENISIA_0026_0099-0102.pdf |journal=Denisia |volume=26 |pages=99–102}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Yan-Da |last2=Ślipiński |first2=Adam |last3=Huang |first3=Di-Ying |last4=Cai |first4=Chen-Yang |date=2023-01-11 |title=New fossils of Sphaeriusidae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber revealed by confocal microscopy (Coleoptera: Myxophaga) |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=10 |pages=901573 |doi=10.3389/feart.2022.901573 |issn=2296-6463|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Fikáček |first1=Martin |last2=Yamamoto |first2=Shûhei |last3=Matsumoto |first3=Keita |last4=Beutel |first4=Rolf G. |last5=Maddison |first5=David R. |date=2022-12-07 |title=Phylogeny and systematics of Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera: Myxophaga): minute living fossils with underestimated past and |
The fossil record of myxophagan beetles is sparse, likely due to their small size limiting [[preservation potential]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Fikáček |first1=Martin |last2=Beutel |first2=Rolf G. |last3=Cai |first3=Chenyang |last4=Lawrence |first4=John F. |last5=Newton |first5=Alfred F. |last6=Solodovnikov |first6=Alexey |last7=Ślipiński |first7=Adam |last8=Thayer |first8=Margaret K. |last9=Yamamoto |first9=Shûhei |date=January 2020 |title=Reliable placement of beetle fossils via phylogenetic analyses – Triassic Leehermania as a case study (Staphylinidae or Myxophaga?) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/syen.12386 |journal=Systematic Entomology |language=en |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=175–187 |doi=10.1111/syen.12386 |bibcode=2020SysEn..45..175F |s2cid=203407211 |issn=0307-6970}}</ref> The currently oldest myxophagan is ''[[Triamyxa]],'' described in 2021 from numerous specimens of found in a [[coprolite]] found in Late Triassic ([[Carnian]]) aged sediments in Poland. It was placed in its own monotypic family Triamyxidae, and was resolved as either the most basal myxophagan or sister to Hydroscaphidae.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Qvarnström |first1=Martin |last2=Fikáček |first2=Martin |last3=Vikberg Wernström |first3=Joel |last4=Huld |first4=Sigrid |last5=Beutel |first5=Rolf G. |last6=Arriaga-Varela |first6=Emmanuel |last7=Ahlberg |first7=Per E. |last8=Niedźwiedzki |first8=Grzegorz |date=June 2021 |title=Exceptionally preserved beetles in a Triassic coprolite of putative dinosauriform origin |journal=Current Biology |volume=31 |issue=15 |language=en |pages=3374–3381.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.015 |pmid=34197727 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The next oldest is ''[[Leehermania]]'' from the Late Triassic ([[Norian]]) [[Cow Branch Formation]] of North Carolina, which had previously been interpreted as the oldest known [[rove beetle]] but in 2019 was reinterpreted as an early diverging relative of the family Hydroscaphidae.<ref name=":1" /> A fossil impression assigned to the living genus ''[[Hydroscapha]]'' in Hydroscaphidae is known from the [[Yixian Formation]] in the [[Jehol Biota]], dating from the [[Early Cretaceous]] ([[Aptian]]).<ref name="firstskiff">{{cite journal |author1=Cai, C. |author2=Short, A. E. Z. |author3=Huang, D. |date=2012 |title=The First Skiff Beetle (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Hydroscaphidae) from Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=116–9 |doi=10.1666/11-050.1 |bibcode=2012JPal...86..116C |s2cid=140170420}}</ref> Fossils from the early Late Cretaceous ([[Cenomanian]]) aged [[Burmese amber]] from Myanmar, have been assigned to the extant genus ''[[Lepicerus]]'' and extinct genus ''[[Lepiceratus]]'' within Lepiceridae,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kirejtshuk, A. G. |author2=Poinar, G. |date=2006 |title=Haplochelidae, a new family of cretaceous beetles (Coleoptera: Myxophaga) from Burmese amber |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |volume=108 |pages=155–164}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ge, S. Q. |author2=Friedrich, F. |author3=Beutel, R. G. |date=2010 |title=On the systematic position and taxonomic rank of the extinct myxophagan dagger Haplochelus (Coleoptera) |url=http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/187631210x537385 |journal=Insect Systematics and Evolution |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=329–338 |doi=10.1163/187631210X537385}}</ref><ref name=":0">Jałoszyński, Paweł; Luo, Xiao-Zhu; Hammel, Jörg U.; Yamamoto, Shûhei & Beutel, Rolf G. (2020). "The mid-Cretaceous †''Lepiceratus'' gen. nov. and the evolution of the relict beetle family Lepiceridae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Myxophaga)". ''Journal of Systematic Palaeontology''. '''18''' (13). {{doi|10.1080/14772019.2020.1747561}}</ref> as well as the extant ''[[Sphaerius]]'' and ''[[Bezesporum]]'' and the extinct ''[[Burmasporum]]'' and ''[[Crowsonaerius]]'', belonging to Sphaerusidae.<ref name=":3">{{cite journal |author1=Kirejtshuk, A. G. |date=2009 |title=A new genus and species of Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera, Myxophaga) from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber |url=http://www.zobodat.at/stable/pdf/DENISIA_0026_0099-0102.pdf |journal=Denisia |volume=26 |pages=99–102}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Yan-Da |last2=Ślipiński |first2=Adam |last3=Huang |first3=Di-Ying |last4=Cai |first4=Chen-Yang |date=2023-01-11 |title=New fossils of Sphaeriusidae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber revealed by confocal microscopy (Coleoptera: Myxophaga) |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=10 |pages=901573 |doi=10.3389/feart.2022.901573 |issn=2296-6463|doi-access=free |bibcode=2023FrEaS..10.1573L }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Fikáček |first1=Martin |last2=Yamamoto |first2=Shûhei |last3=Matsumoto |first3=Keita |last4=Beutel |first4=Rolf G. |last5=Maddison |first5=David R. |date=2022-12-07 |title=Phylogeny and systematics of Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera: Myxophaga): minute living fossils with underestimated past and present-day diversity |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/syen.12571 |journal=Systematic Entomology |volume=48 |issue=2 |language=en |pages=233–249 |doi=10.1111/syen.12571 |s2cid=254440169 |issn=0307-6970}}</ref> |
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== Gallery == |
== Gallery == |
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{{gallery|Sphaerius minutus (10.3897-zookeys.808.30600) Figures 1–9 (cropped).jpg|Specimen of ''[[Sphaerius]] minutus'' (Sphaeriusidae) in various views|Hydroscapha natans01.jpg|Specimens of ''[[Hydroscapha]] natans'' ([[Hydroscaphidae]])|Lepicerus_inaequalis.jpg|Specimen of ''[[Lepicerus]] inaequalis'' (Lepiceridae)|||||||||width=300|height=180 |
{{gallery|Sphaerius minutus (10.3897-zookeys.808.30600) Figures 1–9 (cropped).jpg|Specimen of ''[[Sphaerius]] minutus'' (Sphaeriusidae) in various views|Hydroscapha natans01.jpg|Specimens of ''[[Hydroscapha]] natans'' ([[Hydroscaphidae]])|Lepicerus_inaequalis.jpg|Specimen of ''[[Lepicerus]] inaequalis'' (Lepiceridae)|||||||||width=300|height=180|align=center}} |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
Myxophaga
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Satonius kurosawai (Torridincolidae) | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Suborder: | Myxophaga Crowson, 1955 |
Families | |
Hydroscaphidae |
Myxophaga is the second-smallest suborder of the Coleoptera after Archostemata, consisting of roughly 65 species of small to minute beetles in four families. The members of this suborder are aquatic and semiaquatic, and feed on algae.
Myxophaga have several diagnostic features: the antennae are more or less distinctly clubbed with usually fewer than nine segments, mesocoxal cavities are open laterally and bordered by a mesepimeron and metanepisternum, the hind wings are rolled apically in the resting positions. Internally, they are characterised by the presence of six malpighian tubules and the testes are tube-like and coiled.[1]
Beetles of this suborder are adapted to feed on algae. Their mouthparts are characteristic in lacking galeae and having a mobile tooth on their left mandible.[2]
There are four extant families in the suborder Myxophaga divided between two superfamilies,[3] containing about 65 described species,[4] and at least one extinct family.[a]
Superfamily Lepiceroidea Hinton, 1936
Superfamily Sphaeriusoidea Erichson, 1845
Family †Triamyxidae Qvarnström et al. 2021
Unplaced in family
Living members of Lepiceridae are confined to northern South America and Central America. Members of Sphaeriusidae occur on all continents except Antarctica, while Hydroscaphidae occurs on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. Torridincolidae occurs in Africa, Asia, and South America.[10]
The fossil record of myxophagan beetles is sparse, likely due to their small size limiting preservation potential.[5] The currently oldest myxophagan is Triamyxa, described in 2021 from numerous specimens of found in a coprolite found in Late Triassic (Carnian) aged sediments in Poland. It was placed in its own monotypic family Triamyxidae, and was resolved as either the most basal myxophagan or sister to Hydroscaphidae.[9] The next oldest is Leehermania from the Late Triassic (Norian) Cow Branch Formation of North Carolina, which had previously been interpreted as the oldest known rove beetle but in 2019 was reinterpreted as an early diverging relative of the family Hydroscaphidae.[5] A fossil impression assigned to the living genus Hydroscapha in Hydroscaphidae is known from the Yixian Formation in the Jehol Biota, dating from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian).[11] Fossils from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber from Myanmar, have been assigned to the extant genus Lepicerus and extinct genus Lepiceratus within Lepiceridae,[12][13][14] as well as the extant Sphaerius and Bezesporum and the extinct Burmasporum and Crowsonaerius, belonging to Sphaerusidae.[7][8][6]
Myxophaga |
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Authority control databases: National ![]() |
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