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{{Short description|Memorial quilt project |
{{Short description|Memorial quilt project honoring lives lost to AIDS-related causes}} |
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{{Infobox monument |
{{Infobox monument |
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| name = NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt |
| name = NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt |
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| native_name = AIDS Memorial Quilt |
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| image = Aids Quilt.jpg |
| image = Aids Quilt.jpg |
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| image_size = 293px |
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| location = AIDS Memorial in Washington, DC, United States |
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| caption = AIDS Memorial Quilt on display at the <br>[[National Mall]] in Washington, D.C. |
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| ⚫ | |||
| location = Various locations during exhibitions; |
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<br>San Francisco (when not displayed). |
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| ⚫ |
The '''NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt,''' often abbreviated to '''AIDS Memorial Quilt''' or '''AIDS Quilt,''' is a memorial to celebrate the lives of people who have died of [[AIDS]]-related causes. Weighing an estimated 54 tons, it is the largest piece of [[community art|community folk art]] in the world as of 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.aidsmemorial.org/quilt |title= About |
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| designer = [[Cleve Jones]] |
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| type = Community memorial arts project. |
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| material = Fabric and various materials. |
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| length = {{convert|1300000|ft2|m2|abbr=on}} |
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| weight = {{convert|54|t|kg}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
| inaugurated = {{start date and age|1987|10|11}} |
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| dedicated_to = the people who have lost their lives to AIDS. |
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| extra_label = Panel artists |
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| extra = Friends, family members, or loved ones. |
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| website = [https://www.aidsmemorial.org/interactive-aids-quilt Interactive AIDS Quilt] |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt,''' often abbreviated to '''AIDS Memorial Quilt''' or '''AIDS Quilt,''' is a memorial to celebrate the lives of people who have died of [[AIDS]]-related causes. Weighing an estimated 54 tons,<ref>{{cite web |title=Creativity and Crisis: Unfolding The AIDS Memorial Quilt |url=http://www.festival.si.edu/2012/creativity_and_crisis/ |publisher=Smithsonian Center. |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623142644/http://www.festival.si.edu/2012/creativity_and_crisis/ |access-date=January 25, 2024 |archive-date=June 23, 2012 }}</ref> it is the largest piece of [[community art|community folk art]] in the world as of 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.aidsmemorial.org/quilt |title= About The Names Project |publisher=National AIDS Memorial |date=March 7, 2020 |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref> It was conceived in 1985, during the early years of the [[AIDS pandemic]], when social stigma prevented many AIDS victims from receiving funerals. It has been displayed on [[National Mall|the Mall]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], several times. In 2020, it returned to San Francisco, where it is cared for by the [[National AIDS Memorial]]. It can be seen virtually.<ref name="aidsmemorial">{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2022 |title=The History of the Quilt |url=https://www.aidsmemorial.org/quilt-history |access-date=January 25, 2024 |publisher=National AIDS Memorial}}</ref> |
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==History and structure== |
==History and structure== |
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| ⚫ | [[File:Making an AIDS memorial quilt panel on behalf of Associated Students, Inc. (ASI) Fresno State 1994 (23145979879).jpg|thumb|[[Fresno State University]] students making a quilt panel in 1994]] |
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| ⚫ | [[File:2362 Market St - Jose Theater-Names Project Building.jpg|thumb|Former NAMES Project Building at 2362 Market St in San Francisco]] |
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The idea for the NAMES Project Memorial Quilt was conceived on November 27, 1985, by AIDS activist [[Cleve Jones]] during the annual candlelight march, in remembrance of the [[Moscone–Milk assassinations|1978 assassinations]] of San Francisco Supervisor [[Harvey Milk]] and Mayor [[George Moscone]].<ref name="dupre">{{cite book|last=Dupré, Judith|author-link=Judith Dupré| date= 2007 | title= Monuments: America's History in Art and Memory | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6kUaAQAAIAAJ | location=New York | publisher= Random House | page= 162| isbn=978-1-4000-6582-0}}</ref> For the march, Jones had people write the names of loved ones that were lost to AIDS-related causes on signs, and then they taped the signs to the old [[50 United Nations Plaza Federal Office Building (San Francisco)|San Francisco Federal Building]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://interactive.wttw.com/ten/monuments/aids-memorial-quilt|title=AIDS Memorial Quilt|work=WTTW Chicago Public Media - Television and Interactive|access-date=2018-08-22|language=en}}</ref> All the signs taped to the building looked like an enormous patchwork quilt to Jones, and he was inspired.<ref name="aidsquilt">{{Cite web |title=History of the Quilt |url=http://www.aidsquilt.org/about/the-aids-memorial-quilt |access-date=March 29, 2017 |publisher=The AIDS Memorial Quilt}}</ref> |
The idea for the NAMES Project Memorial Quilt was conceived on November 27, 1985, by AIDS activist [[Cleve Jones]] during the annual candlelight march, in remembrance of the [[Moscone–Milk assassinations|1978 assassinations]] of San Francisco Supervisor [[Harvey Milk]] and Mayor [[George Moscone]].<ref name="dupre">{{cite book|last=Dupré, Judith|author-link=Judith Dupré| date= 2007 | title= Monuments: America's History in Art and Memory | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6kUaAQAAIAAJ | location=New York | publisher= Random House | page= 162| isbn=978-1-4000-6582-0}}</ref> For the march, Jones had people write the names of loved ones that were lost to AIDS-related causes on signs, and then they taped the signs to the old [[50 United Nations Plaza Federal Office Building (San Francisco)|San Francisco Federal Building]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://interactive.wttw.com/ten/monuments/aids-memorial-quilt|title=AIDS Memorial Quilt|work=WTTW Chicago Public Media - Television and Interactive|access-date=2018-08-22|language=en}}</ref> All the signs taped to the building looked like an enormous patchwork quilt to Jones, and he was inspired.<ref name="aidsquilt">{{Cite web |title=History of the Quilt |url=http://www.aidsquilt.org/about/the-aids-memorial-quilt |access-date=March 29, 2017 |publisher=The AIDS Memorial Quilt}}</ref> |
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The NAMES Project officially started in 1987 in [[San Francisco]] by Jones, Mike Smith, and volunteers Joseph Durant, Jack Caster, Gert McMullin, Ron Cordova, Larkin Mayo, Steve Kirchner, and Gary Yuschalk.<ref name="dupre" /> At that time many people who died of AIDS-related causes did not receive funerals, due to both the social stigma of AIDS felt by surviving family members and the outright refusal by many funeral homes and cemeteries to handle the deceased's remains.<ref>{{cite book |last=Laderman |first=Gary |date=2003 |title=Rest in Peace: A Cultural History of Death and the Funeral Home in Twentieth Century America |url=https://archive.org/details/restinpeacecultu00lade |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/restinpeacecultu00lade/page/198 198] |isbn=978-0195183559}}</ref> Lacking a memorial service or grave site, the Quilt was often the only opportunity survivors had to remember and celebrate their loved ones' lives. Volunteers created hundreds and later thousands of panels in a storefront on Market Street.<ref name="SF">{{cite news |last1=Waters |first1=Rob |date=Spring–Summer 2017 |title=He's Still Rising |agency=San Francisco State Magazine |url=https://magazine.sfsu.edu/archive/spr-17/along-came-jones |url-status=dead |access-date=5 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804051612/https://magazine.sfsu.edu/archive/spr-17/along-came-jones |archive-date=4 August 2020}}</ref> |
The NAMES Project officially started in 1987 in [[San Francisco]] by Jones, Mike Smith, and volunteers Joseph Durant, Jack Caster, Gert McMullin, Ron Cordova, Larkin Mayo, Steve Kirchner, and Gary Yuschalk.<ref name="dupre" /> At that time many people who died of AIDS-related causes did not receive funerals, due to both the social stigma of AIDS felt by surviving family members and the outright refusal by many funeral homes and cemeteries to handle the deceased's remains.<ref>{{cite book |last=Laderman |first=Gary |date=2003 |title=Rest in Peace: A Cultural History of Death and the Funeral Home in Twentieth Century America |url=https://archive.org/details/restinpeacecultu00lade |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/restinpeacecultu00lade/page/198 198] |isbn=978-0195183559}}</ref> Lacking a memorial service or grave site, the Quilt was often the only opportunity survivors had to remember and celebrate their loved ones' lives. Volunteers created hundreds and later thousands of panels in a storefront on Market Street.<ref name="SF">{{cite news |last1=Waters |first1=Rob |date=Spring–Summer 2017 |title=He's Still Rising |agency=San Francisco State Magazine |url=https://magazine.sfsu.edu/archive/spr-17/along-came-jones |url-status=dead |access-date=5 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804051612/https://magazine.sfsu.edu/archive/spr-17/along-came-jones |archive-date=4 August 2020}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The Quilt is a memorial to and celebration of the lives of people lost to the [[AIDS pandemic]] which marks it as a prominent forerunner of the twentieth century shift in memorial design that moved towards celebrating victims or survivors.<ref name="dupre"/> Each panel is {{convert|3|ft}} by {{convert|6|ft}}, approximately the size of the average grave; this connects the ideas of AIDS and death more closely.<ref>{{cite web |title=The AIDS Memorial Quilt |publisher=Public Broadcasting Atlanta |date=February 23, 2009 |url=http://www.pba.org/programming/programs/thisisatlanta/aidsquilt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305235011/http://www.pba.org/programming/programs/thisisatlanta/aidsquilt/ |archive-date=March 5, 2009 }}</ref> |
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The first showing of The Quilt took place on October 11, 1987, on the National Mall in Washington, DC, as part of the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay rights.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1987-10-11|title=AIDS Quilt displayed on the National Mall|url=http://mallhistory.org/items/show/182|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Smithsonian Institution. View original.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hirshman |first=Linda |date=2012 |chapter=Chapter 7: ACT UP: Five Years That Shook the World |title=Victory: The Triumphant Gay Revolution |publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|Harper]] |location=New York, New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/victorytriumphan0000hirs/page/212 212] |isbn=978-0-06-196550-0 |quote=As part of that project, in 1987, the NAMES Project took the quilt, then two thousand squares, to the National Mall in Washington, DC, and spread it out before the lawmakers they thought could make the United States government do something different. |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/victorytriumphan0000hirs/page/212 }}</ref> The Quilt was last displayed in full on [[The Mall (Washington, DC)|the Mall]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], in 1996,<ref>{{cite news |title=AIDS quilt unfurled in Washington to commemorate victims |publisher=CNN |date=1996-10-11 |url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9610/11/aids.quilt/index.html |access-date=2008-03-25}}</ref> a display that included a visit by President [[Bill Clinton]] and First Lady [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Clintons visit AIDS quilt |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/10/11/Clintons-visit-AIDS-quilt/4848845006400/ |access-date=18 July 2018 |publisher=UPI |date=11 October 1996}}</ref> but it returned in July 2012 to coincide with the start of the [[XIX International AIDS Conference, 2012|XIX International AIDS Conference]].<ref>{{cite news | title = AIDS Memorial Quilt returning to D.C. | work = [[Washington Blade]] | date = 2012-06-06 | url = http://www.washingtonblade.com/2012/06/06/aids-memorial-quilt-returning-to-d-c/ | access-date = 2012-06-08 }}</ref> |
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[[File:Liebman Reading Names at 1993 AIDS Quilt in DC.jpg|thumb|298px|[[Marvin Liebman]] reading names at the AIDS Quilt podium, prior to the 1993 March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay, and Bi Equal Rights and Liberation.]] |
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| ⚫ | [[File:Making an AIDS memorial quilt panel on behalf of Associated Students, Inc. (ASI) Fresno State 1994 (23145979879).jpg|thumb|298px|[[Fresno State University]] students making a quilt panel in 1994.]] |
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[[File:AIDS quilt, Washington, D.C LCCN2011631696.tif|thumb|298px|AIDS Quilt, Washington, D.C.]] |
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[[File:AIDS Quilt at the National Building Museum 14079 (7617455740).jpg|thumb|298px|AIDS Memorial Quilt display in the Great Hall at the [[National Building Museum]], 2012.]] |
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| ⚫ | [[File:Cleve Jones, Mike Smith, and John Cunningham 20191201-8680.jpg|thumb|298px|AIDS Memorial Quilt co-founders Cleve Jones and Mike Smith stand with John B. Cunningham, National AIDS Memorial Executive Director, on [[World AIDS Day]] 2019 in San Francisco.]] |
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| ⚫ | [[File:2362 Market St - Jose Theater-Names Project Building.jpg|thumb|298px|Former NAMES Project Building at 2362 Market St in San Francisco.]] |
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The Quilt made its first public appearance on October 11, 1987, during the [[Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights]] on the [[National Mall]]. Comprising 1,920 panels and covering an area larger than a [[American football field|football field]], 48 volunteers ceremonially unfolded the Quilt at sunrise. Participants read aloud the names represented in the Quilt, establishing a tradition followed at subsequent displays. The event drew half a million visitors that weekend.<ref name="aidsmemorial"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=1987-10-11|title=AIDS Quilt displayed on the National Mall|url=http://mallhistory.org/items/show/182|access-date=October 9, 2020|publisher=Smithsonian Institution. (Refer to view original) }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hirshman |first=Linda |date=2012 |chapter=Chapter 7: ACT UP: Five Years That Shook the World |title=Victory: The Triumphant Gay Revolution |publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|Harper]] |location=New York, New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/victorytriumphan0000hirs/page/212 212] |isbn=978-0-06-196550-0 |quote=As part of that project, in 1987, the NAMES Project took the quilt, then two thousand squares, to the National Mall in Washington, DC, and spread it out before the lawmakers they thought could make the United States government do something different. |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/victorytriumphan0000hirs/page/212 }}</ref> |
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===Quilt Tours and Exhibits=== |
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The inaugural national tour of The Quilt took place in spring and summer 1988, raising nearly half a million dollars. Assisted by over 9,000 [[Volunteering|volunteers]], a seven-person crew traveled, displayed, and expanded The Quilt. Local panels added in each city tripled its size from 1,920 to over 6,000 panels by the tour's conclusion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Names Project Foundation |url=https://digitalprojects.rice.edu/wrc/Houston-LGBTQ/exhibits/show/names-project/names-project-foundation |publisher=Woodson Research Center, Fondren Library, Rice University. |date=December 12, 2019 |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The 1989 Quilt North America Tour visited 19 [[United States|U.S.]] cities, including 7 in [[Canada]], coinciding with local [[LGBT movements|LGBT]] events in June and July, laying the groundwork for the Canadian AIDS Memorial Quilt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Names Project Quilt 1989 North America Tour |url=https://issuu.com/rfdmag/docs/057/9 |publisher=RFD Magazine Gay, Issue 57 Spring 1989, p. 7. |date=March 21, 1989 |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The Quilt: Handicraft of the Heart |publisher=The Charlatan 19, No. 1, May 25, 1989, p 16. |url=https://archive.org/details/thecharleton19carl/page/16/mode/1up?q=%22The+Quilt+%3A+Handicraft+of+the+Heart%22 |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref> By October, the Quilt featured over 12,000 panels and was once again exhibited on [[The Ellipse]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name="aidsmemorial"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=AIDS Memorial Quilt Returns to Washington |url=https://issuu.com/rfdmag/docs/058/7 |publisher=RFD Magazine Gay, Issue 58 Summer 1989, p. 5. |date=June 21, 1989 |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref> |
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In October 1992, the entire Quilt, featuring panels from every state and 28 countries, was displayed on Washington's [[National Mall]]. The quilt, more than 10 times its original size, with over 21,000 handmade panels, stretched from the base of the [[Washington Monument]] to the [[Lincoln Memorial]] in [[Presidents Park]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=A Stitch in Time : The NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt returns to Washington |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-10-04-ca-1121-story.html |publisher=Los Angeles Times by Christopher Knight |date=October 4, 1992 |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref> |
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During President Clinton's [[First inauguration of Bill Clinton|inaugural parade]] on January 20, 1993, the NAMES Project participated with over 200 volunteers marching down [[Pennsylvania Avenue]], carrying 90 Quilt panels.<ref>{{cite news|title=Clinton Inaugural Parade |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?37275-1/clinton-inaugural-parade |publisher=C-SPAN |date=January 20, 1993 |access-date=January 25, 2024 |quote=200 volunteers march with Quilt panels at 2:35:15. }}</ref> |
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Spanning the [[National Mall]] from the [[Washington Monument]] to the [[United States Capitol|U.S. Capitol]] in Washington, The Quilt attracted nearly 1.2 million visitors in October 1996. Over the three-day event, more than 40,000 panels were displayed.<ref name="aidsmemorial"/> Notably, President [[Bill Clinton]] and First Lady [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]] attended, marking the last full exhibition of the Quilt on the Mall.<ref>{{cite news |title=Clintons visit AIDS quilt |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/10/11/Clintons-visit-AIDS-quilt/4848845006400/ |access-date=18 July 2018 |publisher=UPI |date=11 October 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AIDS quilt unfurled in Washington to commemorate victims |publisher=CNN |date=1996-10-11 |url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9610/11/aids.quilt/index.html |access-date=2008-03-25}}</ref> |
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In June 2004, The Quilt featured over 8,000 new panels created since the 1996 exhibit. The display took place on [[The Ellipse]] in Washington, in observance of National HIV Testing Day.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandez |first=Manny |title=Unfurling Their Love and Loss; | publisher=The Washington Post |page=B01 |date=June 26, 2004 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A6785-2004Jun25.html |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref> |
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For the AIDS Memorial Quilt's 25th anniversary in July 2012, comprising over 48,000 panels honoring 94,000 lives lost to AIDS, it returned to the National Mall and 50 sites around D.C. during the [[XIX International AIDS Conference, 2012|XIX International AIDS Conference]]. Due to its size, organizers rotated 1,500 panels daily at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. This event marked the quilt's last full exhibition since 1996.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guide: Quilt In The Capital 2012 |publisher=NAMES Project Foundation |date=June 15, 2012 |url=https://issuu.com/smartandstrong/docs/poz_quilt_guide_2012 |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The AIDS Memorial Quilt on the National Mall |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Archives |date=December 17, 2020 |url=https://siarchives.si.edu/blog/aids-memorial-quilt-national-mall |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AIDS Memorial Quilt returning to D.C. |publisher=Washington Blade |date=June 6, 2012 |url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2012/06/06/aids-memorial-quilt-returning-to-d-c/ |access-date=June 8, 2012 }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ |
The Quilt is a memorial to and celebration of the lives of people lost to the [[AIDS pandemic]] which marks it as a prominent forerunner of the twentieth century shift in memorial design that moved towards celebrating victims or survivors.<ref name="dupre"/> Each panel is {{convert|3|ft}} by {{convert|6|ft}}, approximately the size of the average grave; this connects the ideas of AIDS and death more closely.<ref>{{cite web |title=The AIDS Memorial Quilt |publisher=Public Broadcasting Atlanta |date=February 23, 2009 |url=http://www.pba.org/programming/programs/thisisatlanta/aidsquilt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305235011/http://www.pba.org/programming/programs/thisisatlanta/aidsquilt/ |archive-date=March 5, 2009 }}</ref> |
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As of 2020, the AIDS Memorial Quilt is available online, featuring 50,000 panels with nearly 110,000 names sewn into them. The collection is searchable by block number or name, allowing users to read the stories stitched into each panel. A guide is provided for navigating the collection if required.<ref>{{cite news |title=Search the AIDS Memorial Quilt |publisher=National AIDS Memorial |date=2020 |url=https://www.aidsmemorial.org/interactive-aids-quilt |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref> |
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The |
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In June 2022, the National AIDS Memorial commemorated the 35th anniversary of the AIDS Memorial Quilt with a significant outdoor display in Golden Gate Park's Robin Williams Meadow. The exhibition showcased 3,000 panels, offering a poignant tribute to lives affected by AIDS.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aidsmemorial.org/quilt35 |title=Golden Gate Park |publisher=National AIDS Memorial |date=June 1, 2022 |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref> |
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In observance of National HIV-Testing Day in June 2004 the 1,000 newest [[quilt block|blocks]] were displayed by the Foundation on [[The Ellipse]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandez |first=Manny |title=Unfurling Their Love and Loss; | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |pages=B01 |date=June 26, 2004 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A6785-2004Jun25.html }}</ref> The largest display of The Quilt since it was last displayed in its entirety in October 1996, the 1,000 blocks displayed consisted of every panel submitted at or after the 1996 display. |
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===Relocation=== |
===Relocation=== |
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In 1997, the NAMES Project headquarters moved from San Francisco to Washington, D.C., and in 2001 the quilt panels were moved from San Francisco to [[Atlanta, Georgia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=AIDS quilt moving to Atlanta from SF | |
In 1997, the NAMES Project headquarters moved from San Francisco to Washington, D.C., and in 2001 the quilt panels were moved from San Francisco to [[Atlanta, Georgia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=AIDS quilt moving to Atlanta from SF |publisher=Associated Press |date=2001-02-07 |url=http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2001-02-07/article/3347?headline=AIDS-quilt-moving-to-Atlanta-from-SF--The-Associated-Press- |access-date=2016-04-07 }}</ref> The NAMES Project Foundation was headquartered in Atlanta. |
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In 2019, the organization announced that the Quilt would be relocating to San Francisco under the care of the National AIDS Memorial. In 2020, its archives were relocated to the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress. The AIDS Memorial Quilt is warehoused in San Francisco when not being displayed, and continues to grow, consisting of more than 50,000 individual memorial panels (to over 110,000 people) and weighing an estimated 54 tons as of 2022.<ref name="aidsmemorial" /> |
In 2019, the organization announced that the Quilt would be relocating to San Francisco under the permanent care and stewardship of the [[National AIDS Memorial]]. In 2020, its archives were relocated to the [[American Folklife Center]] at the [[Library of Congress]]. The AIDS Memorial Quilt is warehoused in San Francisco when not being displayed, and continues to grow, consisting of more than 50,000 individual memorial panels (to over 110,000 people) and weighing an estimated 54 tons as of 2022.<ref name="aidsmemorial" /> |
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===Goal and achievement=== |
===Goal and achievement=== |
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The goal of the Quilt is to bring awareness to how massive the AIDS pandemic really is, and to bring support and healing to those affected by it. Another goal is to raise funds for community-based [[AIDS service organization]]s, to increase their funding for AIDS prevention and education. As of 1996, more than $1.7 million had already been raised, and the effort continues to this day.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ellis |first=Fay |title=32,000 Panels in Aids Quilt, 32,000 Victims. | |
The goal of the Quilt is to bring awareness to how massive the AIDS pandemic really is, and to bring support and healing to those affected by it. Another goal is to raise funds for community-based [[AIDS service organization]]s, to increase their funding for AIDS prevention and education. As of 1996, more than $1.7 million had already been raised, and the effort continues to this day.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ellis |first=Fay |title=32,000 Panels in Aids Quilt, 32,000 Victims. |publisher=The New York Times |date=April 7, 1996 |access-date=February 23, 2009 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9904E0D91339F934A35757C0A960958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2 }}</ref> |
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==Quilt construction and care== |
==Quilt construction and care== |
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=== Television === |
=== Television === |
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* The AIDS Memorial Quilt was mentioned and shown during the years that ''[[General Hospital]]'' held their Nurses Ball (1994–2001) and raised money for AIDS research.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bidwell |first1=Carol |title='General Hospital' raises funds to fight pediatric AIDS |url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/636489/General-Hospital-raises-funds-to-fight-pediatric-AIDS.html |access-date=2019-08-07 |work=Deseret News |date=1998-06-18 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* The Quilt was displayed on the ABC Soap Opera "[[One Life to Live]]" in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Passalacqua |first1=Connie |title=Strong Dose of Reality for ABC's 'One Life to Live' : Television: The soap shows eight sections of the Names Project AIDS Quilt to conclude a summer-long plot examining homophobia and a gay teen character. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-08-28-ca-6184-story.html |access-date=2019-08-07 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=1992-08-28}}</ref> |
* The Quilt was displayed on the ABC Soap Opera "[[One Life to Live]]" in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Passalacqua |first1=Connie |title=Strong Dose of Reality for ABC's 'One Life to Live' : Television: The soap shows eight sections of the Names Project AIDS Quilt to conclude a summer-long plot examining homophobia and a gay teen character. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-08-28-ca-6184-story.html |access-date=2019-08-07 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=1992-08-28}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | * The AIDS Memorial Quilt was mentioned and shown during the years that ''[[General Hospital]]'' held their Nurses Ball (1994–2001) and raised money for AIDS research. The show's fictional character, [[Michael "Stone" Cates]], was celebrated with a quilt block in 1996.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bidwell |first1=Carol |title='General Hospital' raises funds to fight pediatric AIDS |url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/636489/General-Hospital-raises-funds-to-fight-pediatric-AIDS.html |access-date=2019-08-07 |work=Deseret News |date=1998-06-18 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* In [[A&E Networks|A&E's Biography]] of the 100 Most Influential People of the Millennium, the 94th individual featured is "Patient Zero," recognized as the first [[HIV-positive people|AIDS victim]]. The AIDS Memorial Quilt is showcased at 9:17 within the program, which aired in 1999 and includes footage from the National Mall.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of the Millennium: 94 Patient Zero (1st AIDS victim) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKkuk9V2H88&t=498s |publisher=A&E Networks |format=YouTube |date=1999 |access-date=18 March 2024 |time=8m18s (mention of AIDS Memorial Quilt at 9m17s)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A&E's Biography: 100 Most Influential People of the Millennium |url=https://wmich.edu/mus-gened/mus150/biography100.html |publisher=Western Michigan University |date=January 6, 2012 |access-date=18 March 2024}}</ref> |
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* The Quilt is displayed in the last scene of the Showtime miniseries [[Fellow Travelers (miniseries)|Fellow Travelers]] in 2023. |
* The Quilt is displayed in the last scene of the Showtime miniseries [[Fellow Travelers (miniseries)|Fellow Travelers]] in 2023. |
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** [[Breast cancer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://breastcancerquilt.prevention.com/bcq/ |title=Breast Cancer Quilt |publisher=Prevention.com |access-date=2008-03-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504003551/http://breastcancerquilt.prevention.com/bcq/ |archive-date=2006-05-04 }}</ref> |
** [[Breast cancer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://breastcancerquilt.prevention.com/bcq/ |title=Breast Cancer Quilt |publisher=Prevention.com |access-date=2008-03-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504003551/http://breastcancerquilt.prevention.com/bcq/ |archive-date=2006-05-04 }}</ref> |
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There are also quilts for sub-sects of the AIDS Pandemic, including Canada, 1989,<ref name=canadian-aids-quilt>{{Cite web|url=https://quilt.ca/ |title=The Canadian AIDS Memorial Quilt |publisher=Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) |date= |
There are also quilts for sub-sects of the AIDS Pandemic, including Canada, 1989,<ref name=canadian-aids-quilt>{{Cite web|url=https://quilt.ca/ |title=The Canadian AIDS Memorial Quilt |publisher=Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) |date=June 1, 2018 |access-date=January 25, 2024 }}</ref> Children, 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site2262/mainpageS2262P5.html |title=Clinical Centers, Departments and Services | Boston Children's Hospital |publisher=Childrenshospital.org |access-date=2017-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706105323/http://www.childrenshospital.org/clinicalservices/Site2262/mainpageS2262P5.html |archive-date=2010-07-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> North Californians, 2008,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stonewallchico.org/panels.html |title=AIDS Panels of Remembrance, Stonewall Chico |access-date=2008-03-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331080413/http://www.stonewallchico.org/panels.html |archive-date=2008-03-31 }}</ref> Australians, 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aidsquilt.org.au/home.php |title=Australian Aids Quilt |access-date=2010-05-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030154111/http://www.aidsquilt.org.au/home.php |archive-date=2009-10-30 }}</ref> and New Zealand, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aidsquilt.org.nz |title=The New Zealand AIDS Memorial Quilt |publisher=Aidsquilt.org.nz |access-date=2017-03-29}}</ref> |
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"Virtual" AIDS Memorial Quilts have also been created: |
"Virtual" AIDS Memorial Quilts have also been created: |
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* [[Southern AIDS Living Quilt]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livingquilt.org/ |title=Southern AIDS Living Quilt — Women Joining Together Fighting HIV/AIDS in the South |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331173524/http://www.livingquilt.org/ |archive-date=2009-03-31 |access-date=March 29, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
* [[Southern AIDS Living Quilt]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livingquilt.org/ |title=Southern AIDS Living Quilt — Women Joining Together Fighting HIV/AIDS in the South |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331173524/http://www.livingquilt.org/ |archive-date=2009-03-31 |access-date=March 29, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* Columbia University AIDS Memorial<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gables/hiv/mem/ |title=Memorial-Columbians Who Have Died From AIDS |publisher=Columbia.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624115101/https://www.columbia.edu/cu/gables/hiv/mem/index.html |archive-date=2023-06-24 |access-date=2017-03-29|url-status=dead }}</ref> |
* Columbia University AIDS Memorial<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gables/hiv/mem/ |title=Memorial-Columbians Who Have Died From AIDS |publisher=Columbia.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624115101/https://www.columbia.edu/cu/gables/hiv/mem/index.html |archive-date=2023-06-24 |access-date=2017-03-29|url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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* [[ |
* [[Canadian AIDS Society#AIDS Memorial Quilt|Canadian AIDS Memorial Quilt]]<ref name=canadian-aids-quilt/> |
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, a quilt volunteer, McMullin, made protective masks for community service organizations from quilting fabric.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheeler |first=Jason |date=2020-04-09 |title=Leftover Fabric from the AIDS Memorial Quilt Is Now Being Used to Make Coronavirus Masks |url=https://people.com/human-interest/aids-memorial-quilt-scraps-coronavirus-masks/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=People Magazine |language=en}}</ref> |
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a quilt volunteer, McMullin, made protective masks for community service organizations from quilting fabric.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheeler |first=Jason |date=2020-04-09 |title=Leftover Fabric from the AIDS Memorial Quilt Is Now Being Used to Make Coronavirus Masks |url=https://people.com/human-interest/aids-memorial-quilt-scraps-coronavirus-masks/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=People Magazine |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Display location== |
==Display location== |
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| ⚫ | [[File:Cleve Jones, Mike Smith, and John Cunningham 20191201-8680.jpg|thumb|AIDS Memorial Quilt co-founders Cleve Jones and Mike Smith stand with John B. Cunningham, National AIDS Memorial Executive Director, on [[World AIDS Day]] 2019 in San Francisco.]] |
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In November 2019 the NAMES Project Foundation and [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|House Speaker]] [[Nancy Pelosi]] announced that the quilt would relocate to San Francisco under the permanent care and stewardship of the National AIDS Memorial starting in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Lauren M. |title=The AIDS Memorial Quilt will head home to San Francisco, 32 years later |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/21/us/aids-quilt-san-francisco-trnd/index.html |access-date=21 November 2019 |work=CNN News |date=21 November 2019}}</ref> The Project's archives were gifted to the joint care with the [[American Folklife Center]] at the U.S. [[Library of Congress]], allowing for greater public access.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/the-library-of-congress-will-house-the-archives-of-the-famous-aids-quilt/2019/11/20/9f05e29c-0bc1-11ea-bd9d-c628fd48b3a0_story.html|title=The Library of Congress will house the archives of the famous AIDS quilt|last=Ruane|first=Michael E.|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2019-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=National AIDS Memorial Becomes Steward of AIDS Memorial Quilt |url=https://aidsmemorial.org/theaidsquilt/ |website=National AIDS Memorial |access-date=21 November 2019 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322112734/https://aidsmemorial.org/theaidsquilt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> This action returns the quilt to [[San Francisco]], where the project began. |
In November 2019 the NAMES Project Foundation and [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|House Speaker]] [[Nancy Pelosi]] announced that the quilt would relocate to San Francisco under the permanent care and stewardship of the National AIDS Memorial starting in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Lauren M. |title=The AIDS Memorial Quilt will head home to San Francisco, 32 years later |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/21/us/aids-quilt-san-francisco-trnd/index.html |access-date=21 November 2019 |work=CNN News |date=21 November 2019}}</ref> The Project's archives were gifted to the joint care with the [[American Folklife Center]] at the U.S. [[Library of Congress]], allowing for greater public access.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/the-library-of-congress-will-house-the-archives-of-the-famous-aids-quilt/2019/11/20/9f05e29c-0bc1-11ea-bd9d-c628fd48b3a0_story.html|title=The Library of Congress will house the archives of the famous AIDS quilt|last=Ruane|first=Michael E.|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2019-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=National AIDS Memorial Becomes Steward of AIDS Memorial Quilt |url=https://aidsmemorial.org/theaidsquilt/ |website=National AIDS Memorial |access-date=21 November 2019 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322112734/https://aidsmemorial.org/theaidsquilt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> This action returns the quilt to [[San Francisco]], where the project began. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Names Project Aids Memorial Quilt}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Names Project Aids Memorial Quilt}} |
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[[Category:HIV/AIDS activism]] |
[[Category:HIV/AIDS activism in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Monuments and memorials in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Organizations based in Atlanta]] |
[[Category:Organizations based in Atlanta]] |
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[[Category:Tourist attractions in Atlanta]] |
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Atlanta]] |
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[[Category:1987 establishments in California]] |
[[Category:1987 establishments in California]] |
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[[Category:1987 in San Francisco]] |
[[Category:1987 in San Francisco]] |
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[[Category:HIV/AIDS memorials]] |
[[Category:HIV/AIDS memorials in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Embroidery in the United States]] |
[[Category:Embroidery in the United States]] |
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[[Category:HIV/AIDS in the United States]] |
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AIDS Memorial Quilt
| |
AIDS Memorial Quilt on display at the
National Mall in Washington, D.C. | |
| Location | Various locations during exhibitions;
San Francisco (when not displayed). |
|---|---|
| Designer | Cleve Jones |
| Type | Community memorial arts project. |
| Material | Fabric and various materials. |
| Length | 1,300,000 sq ft (120,000 m2) |
| Weight | 54 tonnes (54,000 kg) |
| Beginning date | November 27, 1985 (1985-11-27) |
| Inauguration date | October 11, 1987; 36 years ago (1987-10-11) |
| Dedicated to | the people who have lost their lives to AIDS. |
| Website | Interactive AIDS Quilt |
| Panel artists | Friends, family members, or loved ones. |
The NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt, often abbreviated to AIDS Memorial QuiltorAIDS Quilt, is a memorial to celebrate the lives of people who have died of AIDS-related causes. Weighing an estimated 54 tons,[1] it is the largest piece of community folk art in the world as of 2020.[2] It was conceived in 1985, during the early years of the AIDS pandemic, when social stigma prevented many AIDS victims from receiving funerals. It has been displayed on the MallinWashington, D.C., several times. In 2020, it returned to San Francisco, where it is cared for by the National AIDS Memorial. It can be seen virtually.[3]
The idea for the NAMES Project Memorial Quilt was conceived on November 27, 1985, by AIDS activist Cleve Jones during the annual candlelight march, in remembrance of the 1978 assassinations of San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk and Mayor George Moscone.[4] For the march, Jones had people write the names of loved ones that were lost to AIDS-related causes on signs, and then they taped the signs to the old San Francisco Federal Building.[5] All the signs taped to the building looked like an enormous patchwork quilt to Jones, and he was inspired.[6]
The NAMES Project officially started in 1987 in San Francisco by Jones, Mike Smith, and volunteers Joseph Durant, Jack Caster, Gert McMullin, Ron Cordova, Larkin Mayo, Steve Kirchner, and Gary Yuschalk.[4] At that time many people who died of AIDS-related causes did not receive funerals, due to both the social stigma of AIDS felt by surviving family members and the outright refusal by many funeral homes and cemeteries to handle the deceased's remains.[7] Lacking a memorial service or grave site, the Quilt was often the only opportunity survivors had to remember and celebrate their loved ones' lives. Volunteers created hundreds and later thousands of panels in a storefront on Market Street.[8]
The Quilt is a memorial to and celebration of the lives of people lost to the AIDS pandemic which marks it as a prominent forerunner of the twentieth century shift in memorial design that moved towards celebrating victims or survivors.[4] Each panel is 3 feet (0.91 m) by 6 feet (1.8 m), approximately the size of the average grave; this connects the ideas of AIDS and death more closely.[9]
The Quilt made its first public appearance on October 11, 1987, during the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights on the National Mall. Comprising 1,920 panels and covering an area larger than a football field, 48 volunteers ceremonially unfolded the Quilt at sunrise. Participants read aloud the names represented in the Quilt, establishing a tradition followed at subsequent displays. The event drew half a million visitors that weekend.[3][10][11]
The inaugural national tour of The Quilt took place in spring and summer 1988, raising nearly half a million dollars. Assisted by over 9,000 volunteers, a seven-person crew traveled, displayed, and expanded The Quilt. Local panels added in each city tripled its size from 1,920 to over 6,000 panels by the tour's conclusion.[12]
The 1989 Quilt North America Tour visited 19 U.S. cities, including 7 in Canada, coinciding with local LGBT events in June and July, laying the groundwork for the Canadian AIDS Memorial Quilt.[13][14] By October, the Quilt featured over 12,000 panels and was once again exhibited on The EllipseinWashington, D.C.[3][15]
In October 1992, the entire Quilt, featuring panels from every state and 28 countries, was displayed on Washington's National Mall. The quilt, more than 10 times its original size, with over 21,000 handmade panels, stretched from the base of the Washington Monument to the Lincoln MemorialinPresidents Park.[16]
During President Clinton's inaugural parade on January 20, 1993, the NAMES Project participated with over 200 volunteers marching down Pennsylvania Avenue, carrying 90 Quilt panels.[17]
Spanning the National Mall from the Washington Monument to the U.S. Capitol in Washington, The Quilt attracted nearly 1.2 million visitors in October 1996. Over the three-day event, more than 40,000 panels were displayed.[3] Notably, President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton attended, marking the last full exhibition of the Quilt on the Mall.[18][19]
In June 2004, The Quilt featured over 8,000 new panels created since the 1996 exhibit. The display took place on The Ellipse in Washington, in observance of National HIV Testing Day.[20]
For the AIDS Memorial Quilt's 25th anniversary in July 2012, comprising over 48,000 panels honoring 94,000 lives lost to AIDS, it returned to the National Mall and 50 sites around D.C. during the XIX International AIDS Conference. Due to its size, organizers rotated 1,500 panels daily at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. This event marked the quilt's last full exhibition since 1996.[21][22][23]
As of 2020, the AIDS Memorial Quilt is available online, featuring 50,000 panels with nearly 110,000 names sewn into them. The collection is searchable by block number or name, allowing users to read the stories stitched into each panel. A guide is provided for navigating the collection if required.[24]
In June 2022, the National AIDS Memorial commemorated the 35th anniversary of the AIDS Memorial Quilt with a significant outdoor display in Golden Gate Park's Robin Williams Meadow. The exhibition showcased 3,000 panels, offering a poignant tribute to lives affected by AIDS.[25]
In 1997, the NAMES Project headquarters moved from San Francisco to Washington, D.C., and in 2001 the quilt panels were moved from San Francisco to Atlanta, Georgia.[26] The NAMES Project Foundation was headquartered in Atlanta.
In 2019, the organization announced that the Quilt would be relocating to San Francisco under the permanent care and stewardship of the National AIDS Memorial. In 2020, its archives were relocated to the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress. The AIDS Memorial Quilt is warehoused in San Francisco when not being displayed, and continues to grow, consisting of more than 50,000 individual memorial panels (to over 110,000 people) and weighing an estimated 54 tons as of 2022.[3]
The goal of the Quilt is to bring awareness to how massive the AIDS pandemic really is, and to bring support and healing to those affected by it. Another goal is to raise funds for community-based AIDS service organizations, to increase their funding for AIDS prevention and education. As of 1996, more than $1.7 million had already been raised, and the effort continues to this day.[27]
3 by 6 feet (0.91 m × 1.83 m) panels made typically of fabric are created in recognition of a person who died from AIDS-related complications. The panels are made by individuals alone or in a workshop, such as Call My Name (which focuses on African American representation on the quilt) or in quilting bees, such as the one held during the 2012 Smithsonian Folklife Festival[28] on the National Mall. Construction choices are left to the quilter and techniques such as traditional fabric quilting, embroidery, applique, paint and stencil, beading, and iron-ons are common.[29]
Items and materials included in the panels:
Panels are submitted to the National AIDS Memorial, along with a panel-maker identification form and a documentation letter. Occasionally, other supplemental material is donated along with the panel such as photographs of the subject. The information about the panel is recorded in a database.[29]
Panels are backed in canvas and sewn together in blocks of eight. Grommets for hanging are attached and the blocks are numbered and photographed. The numbers help with identification and location in storage, on the quilt website, and when the quilt is displayed.[30]
Those who submit panels do not have to know the person, but they do have to feel some sort of connection with the individual that they want people to recognize. For example, to memorialize Queen lead-singer Freddie Mercury, there were many panels made, two of which were a solid white background with a blue and black guitar, and "Freddy Mercury" written down the sides in black, with the AIDS ribbon above his name,[31] and a purple silk with "Freddie Mercury", "Queen", and『1946–1991』in silver applique, along with two pictures of Mercury with Queen.[32]
Many panels were also made for the actor Rock Hudson, one of which consisted of a navy blue background with silver "Rock Hudson" and stars, above a rainbow with the word "Hollywood".[33]
Other panels are made by loved ones and then attached to make one large block. Some are flamboyant and loud, whereas some are more muted and simple.[34]
Panels have been accessioned into the collection[35] of the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History (accession number 1998.0254.01)[36] and featured in the book The Smithsonian's History of America in 101 Objects.
The AIDS Memorial Quilt was the first of its kind as a continually growing monument created piecemeal by thousands of individuals, and as of 2007, it constituted the largest piece of community folk art in the world.[52] The Quilt was followed by, and inspired a number of memorials and awareness projects, both AIDS-related and otherwise. Examples of these include:
There are also quilts for sub-sects of the AIDS Pandemic, including Canada, 1989,[61] Children, 2010,[62] North Californians, 2008,[63] Australians, 2009,[64] and New Zealand, 2017.[65]
"Virtual" AIDS Memorial Quilts have also been created:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a quilt volunteer, McMullin, made protective masks for community service organizations from quilting fabric.[71]
In November 2019 the NAMES Project Foundation and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi announced that the quilt would relocate to San Francisco under the permanent care and stewardship of the National AIDS Memorial starting in 2020.[72] The Project's archives were gifted to the joint care with the American Folklife Center at the U.S. Library of Congress, allowing for greater public access.[73][74] This action returns the quilt to San Francisco, where the project began.
As part of that project, in 1987, the NAMES Project took the quilt, then two thousand squares, to the National Mall in Washington, DC, and spread it out before the lawmakers they thought could make the United States government do something different.
200 volunteers march with Quilt panels at 2:35:15.
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