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→Customs: ceremonial holiday grammar, replace a Turkish language source with English source, as only two sources are in English, are Encyclopedia Britannica.
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==Customs== |
==Customs== |
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Every year, the children in Turkey celebrate National Sovereignty and Children's Day as a national holiday. Similar to other April events, Children's Day celebrations often take place outdoors.<ref name="sozcu"/> Schools participate in week-long ceremonies marked by performances in all fields in large stadiums watched by the entire nation.<ref name="sozcu">{{cite news |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2019/gundem/23-nisan-ulusal-egemenlik-ve-cocuk-bayrami-tum-yurtta-coskuyla-kutlandi-4532142/ |newspaper=[[Sözcü]] |title=23 Nisan Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı tüm yurtta coşkuyla kutlandı |date=April 23, 2019 |language=Turkish |accessdate=April 9, 2020}}</ref> Students decorate their classrooms with flags, balloons and handmade ornaments.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/19827286/Celebrating_National_Holidays_in_Turkey_History_and_Memory |title=Celebrating National Holidays in Turkey: History and Memory |journal=New Perspectives on Turkey |first=Arzu |last=Öztürkmen |volume=25 |date=Fall 2001 |page=67}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2016/egitim/23-nisan-coskusunun-merkezinde-de-sinirsizlar-vardi-1202882/ |newspaper=Sözcü |title=23 Nisan coşkusunun merkezinde de Sınırsızlar vardı! |date=April 26, 2016 |language=Turkish |accessdate=April 27, 2021}}</ref> [[Anıtkabir]] is visited by children and politicians every year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tr.euronews.com/2019/04/23/23-nisan-ulusal-egemenlik-ve-cocuk-bayrami-tbmm-99-yasinda |title=23 Nisan Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı: TBMM 99 yaşında |publisher=[[Euronews]] |language=Turkish |date=April 23, 2019 |accessdate=April 23, 2021}}</ref> Among the activities on this day, the children send their representatives to replace state officials and high ranking civil servants in their offices. The [[President of Turkey|President]], the cabinet ministers, provincial governors, and mayors all turn over their positions to children's representatives.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haberler.com/buyuksehirde-23-nisan-da-koltuk-degisimi-11977567-haberi/ |publisher=Haberler.com |title=Büyükşehirde 23 Nisan'da Koltuk Değişimi |date=April 23, 2019 |language=Turkish |accessdate=April 9, 2020}}</ref> On this day, |
Every year, the children in Turkey celebrate National Sovereignty and Children's Day as a national holiday. Similar to other April events, Children's Day celebrations often take place outdoors.<ref name="sozcu"/> Schools participate in week-long ceremonies marked by performances in all fields in large stadiums watched by the entire nation.<ref name="sozcu">{{cite news |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2019/gundem/23-nisan-ulusal-egemenlik-ve-cocuk-bayrami-tum-yurtta-coskuyla-kutlandi-4532142/ |newspaper=[[Sözcü]] |title=23 Nisan Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı tüm yurtta coşkuyla kutlandı |date=April 23, 2019 |language=Turkish |accessdate=April 9, 2020}}</ref> Students decorate their classrooms with flags, balloons and handmade ornaments.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/19827286/Celebrating_National_Holidays_in_Turkey_History_and_Memory |title=Celebrating National Holidays in Turkey: History and Memory |journal=New Perspectives on Turkey |first=Arzu |last=Öztürkmen |volume=25 |date=Fall 2001 |page=67}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2016/egitim/23-nisan-coskusunun-merkezinde-de-sinirsizlar-vardi-1202882/ |newspaper=Sözcü |title=23 Nisan coşkusunun merkezinde de Sınırsızlar vardı! |date=April 26, 2016 |language=Turkish |accessdate=April 27, 2021}}</ref> [[Anıtkabir]] is visited by children and politicians every year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tr.euronews.com/2019/04/23/23-nisan-ulusal-egemenlik-ve-cocuk-bayrami-tbmm-99-yasinda |title=23 Nisan Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı: TBMM 99 yaşında |publisher=[[Euronews]] |language=Turkish |date=April 23, 2019 |accessdate=April 23, 2021}}</ref> Among the activities on this day, the children send their representatives to replace state officials and high ranking civil servants in their offices. The [[President of Turkey|President]], the cabinet ministers, provincial governors, and mayors all turn over their positions to children's representatives in a purely [[ceremonial]] exercise.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haberler.com/buyuksehirde-23-nisan-da-koltuk-degisimi-11977567-haberi/ |publisher=Haberler.com |title=Büyükşehirde 23 Nisan'da Koltuk Değişimi |date=April 23, 2019 |language=Turkish |accessdate=April 9, 2020}}</ref> On this day, children also replace the parliamentarians in the Grand National Assembly and hold a ceremonial special session to discuss matters concerning children's issues.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1069217-95-yildir-ayni-heyecan |newspaper=[[Habertürk]] |title=95 yıldır aynı heyecan |date=April 23, 2015 |language=Turkish |accessdate=April 23, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-celebrates-sovereignty-day-childrens-day-on-april-23.aspx?pageID=238&nID=81447&NewsCatID=341 |newspaper=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |title=Turkey celebrates Sovereignty Day, Children's Day on April 23 |date=April 22, 2015 |accessdate=April 23, 2015}}</ref> |
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After [[UNESCO]] proclaimed 1979 as the [[International Year of the Child]], [[Turkish Radio and Television Corporation]] (TRT) organized the first [[TRT International April 23 Children's Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/trt-de-23-nisan-39015491 |title=TRT'de 23 Nisan |work=Hürriyet |language=Turkish |date=April 23, 1998 |accessdate=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423124611/https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/trt-de-23-nisan-39015491 |archive-date=April 23, 2021}}</ref> Five countries participated in this first |
After [[UNESCO]] proclaimed 1979 as the [[International Year of the Child]], the [[Turkish Radio and Television Corporation]] (TRT) organized the first [[TRT International April 23 Children's Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/trt-de-23-nisan-39015491 |title=TRT'de 23 Nisan |work=Hürriyet |language=Turkish |date=April 23, 1998 |accessdate=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423124611/https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/trt-de-23-nisan-39015491 |archive-date=April 23, 2021}}</ref> Five countries participated in this first holiday. Over the years, this number grew steadily, resulting in children from about 50 countries coming to Turkey in an official ceremony every year to participate in the festival. During the time, children are housed in specific housing and interact with the Turkish children and learn about each other's countries and cultures in an official ceremony.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/yasam/dunya-cocuklari-turk-misafirperverligiyle-tanisiyor/801200 |agency=[[Anadolu Agency]] |title=Dünya çocukları Türk misafirperverliğiyle tanışıyor |first=Behçet |last=Alkan |date=April 20, 2017 |language=Turkish |accessdate=April 9, 2020}}</ref> The foreign children groups also participate in the ceremonial session of the Grand National Assembly.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2019/gundem/tbmmde-23-nisan-ozel-oturumu-4533549/ |newspaper=Sözcü |title=TBMM'de 23 Nisan özel oturumu |first=Zeynep |last=Gürcanlı |date=April 23, 2019 |language=Turkish |accessdate=April 9, 2020}}</ref> |
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==Uses== |
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The National Sovereignty and Children's Day has been used as a [[propaganda]] tool for the Turkish government, to instate, economic and nationalist ideals by the government.<ref>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nana.12713</ref> |
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==Celebration gallery== |
==Celebration gallery== |
National Sovereignty and Children's Day | |
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Official name | Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı (Turkish) |
Also called | The Twenty-third of April |
Observed by | Turkey Northern Cyprus |
Type | National |
Significance | The day in 1920 that the Grand National Assembly of Turkey was founded |
Celebrations | Concerts, parades, events at schools, cultural programmes |
Date | 23 April |
Next time | 23 April 2025 (2025-04-23) |
Frequency | annual |
National Sovereignty and Children's Day (Turkish: Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı) is a public holidayinTurkey commemorating the foundation of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, on 23 April 1920. It is also observed by Northern Cyprus.[1]
23 April is the day that the Grand National Assembly of Turkey was founded in 1920. The national council denounced the government of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI and announced a temporary constitution.[2] During the War of Independence, Grand National Assembly met in Ankara and laid down the foundations of a new, independent, secular and modern republic from the ashes of the Ottoman Empire. Following the defeat of the Allied invasion forces on September 9, 1922 and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne on July 24, 1923, the Turkish Government started the task of establishing the institutions of a state.[2]
23 April was declared "National Sovereignty Day" on May 2, 1921.[3] Since 1927, the holiday has also been celebrated as a children's day.[4] In 1981, the holiday was officially named "National Sovereignty and Children's Day."[3]
Every year, the children in Turkey celebrate National Sovereignty and Children's Day as a national holiday. Similar to other April events, Children's Day celebrations often take place outdoors.[5] Schools participate in week-long ceremonies marked by performances in all fields in large stadiums watched by the entire nation.[5] Students decorate their classrooms with flags, balloons and handmade ornaments.[6][7] Anıtkabir is visited by children and politicians every year.[8] Among the activities on this day, the children send their representatives to replace state officials and high ranking civil servants in their offices. The President, the cabinet ministers, provincial governors, and mayors all turn over their positions to children's representatives in a purely ceremonial exercise.[9] On this day, children also replace the parliamentarians in the Grand National Assembly and hold a ceremonial special session to discuss matters concerning children's issues.[10][11]
After UNESCO proclaimed 1979 as the International Year of the Child, the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) organized the first TRT International April 23 Children's Festival.[12] Five countries participated in this first holiday. Over the years, this number grew steadily, resulting in children from about 50 countries coming to Turkey in an official ceremony every year to participate in the festival. During the time, children are housed in specific housing and interact with the Turkish children and learn about each other's countries and cultures in an official ceremony.[13] The foreign children groups also participate in the ceremonial session of the Grand National Assembly.[14]
The National Sovereignty and Children's Day has been used as a propaganda tool for the Turkish government, to instate, economic and nationalist ideals by the government.[15]
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