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{{Short description|Subclass of gastropods}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range | Early Ordovician | Recent }}
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range | Early Ordovician | Recent | refs = <ref>{{Cite journal | authors=Be'Norr, K., and J. FnÍon. |title=Notes on the evolution and higher classification of the subclass Neritimorpha (Gastropoda) with the description of some new taxa|journal= Geologica et Palaeontologica |url = http://www.paleoliste.de/bandel/bandel_1999d.pdf|volume = 33|year= 1999|pages = 219–235}}</ref>}}▼
| image = neritimorpha composite 02.jpg
| image_caption = Examples of Neritimorpha
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Neritopsina {{small|Cox & Knight, 1960}}
}}
'''Neritimorpha''' is a
==Etymology==▼
The clade’s name, Neritimorpha, is from the Ancient Greek νηρίτης (nērī́tēs 'Nerite') and μορφή (morphḗ 'form').<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/BaillyDictionnaireGrecFrancais |title=Bailly, Dictionnaire Grec Francais |date=1935}}</ref>▼
==Description==
[[File:Theodoxus danubialis.jpg|thumb|Shells of the freshwater snail ''[[Theodoxus danubialis]]'']]
[[File:Helicina rostrata.jpg|thumb|Shells of the land snail species ''[[Helicina rostrata]]'']]
[[File:Titiscania limacina.JPG|thumb|''[[Titiscania]]'', a shellless neritimorph]]
Despite their relatively low diversity, with only around 2,000 species, neritomorphs have achieved a remarkable diversity of forms, resembling a smaller-scale version of the diversity achieved by Gastropoda as a whole.<ref name="Uribe2016"/> Terrestrial lifestyles have evolved at least three separate occasions in neritimorphs: the [[extinct]] [[Dawsonellidae]] and the [[extant taxon|extant]] [[Helicinidae]] and [[Hydrocenidae]].<ref name="Kano2002"/> Neritimorphs also include the shellless, [[slug]]-like ''[[Titiscania]]''.<ref name="Uribe2016"/>
▲'''Neritimorpha''' is a [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] grouping, an unranked major [[clade]] of snails, [[gastropod]] [[mollusc|mollusks]]. This grouping includes land snails, [[sea snail]]s, slugs, some deepwater [[limpet]]s, and also [[freshwater snail]]s. Neritimorpha contains around 2,000 extant species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Uribe |first=Juan E. |last2=Colgan |first2=Don |last3=Castro |first3=Lyda R. |last4=Kano |first4=Yasunori |last5=Zardoya |first5=Rafael |date=2016-11-01 |title=Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Neritimorpha (Mollusca: Gastropoda) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790316301774 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=104 |pages=21–31 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.021 |issn=1055-7903}}</ref> Some Neritimorphs are commonly kept as pets. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nerite Snails: Algae Eating, Care, Lifespan, Eggs - Video |url=https://www.aquariumcarebasics.com/freshwater-snails/nerite-snails/ |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=Aquarium Care Basics |language=en-US}}</ref> This clade used to be known as the superorder Neritopsina.
In all modern neritomorphs except neritopsids, the inner walls of the [[protoconch]] are resorbed.<ref name="Bandel1999"/>
Unlike most other gastropods, neritomorphs typically have calcified [[operculum (gastropod)|opercula]]. There is no operculum in the shellless ''Titiscania'', and the [[Phenacolepadidae]] have a vestigial, non-calcified operculum that shows no postlarval growth.<ref name="Kano2006"/>
▲==Etymology==
==Evolutionary history==
▲The clade’s name, Neritimorpha, is from the Ancient Greek νηρίτης (nērī́tēs 'Nerite') and μορφή (morphḗ 'form').<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/BaillyDictionnaireGrecFrancais |title=Bailly, Dictionnaire Grec Francais |date=1935}}</ref>
Neritimorpha has an extremely rich geologic history, going back to early [[Ordovician]].<ref name="Bandel1999"/> This clade has been considered to be a leftover of early gastropod diversification.▼
Neritimorpha is the sister taxon of the [[Apogastropoda]].<ref name="Cunha2019"/><ref name="Uribe2022"/> The clade uniting neritimorphs and apogastropods has been called either Adenogonogastropoda<ref name="Simone2011"/> or Angiogastropoda.<ref name="Cunha2019"/>
▲Neritimorpha has an extremely rich geologic history, going back to early [[Ordovician]]. This clade has been considered to be a leftover of early gastropod diversification.
All modern members of Neritimorpha are classified in the order [[Cycloneritimorpha]].<ref name="Bandel1999"/> [[Neritopsoidea]] was the first of the four modern neritomorph superfamilies to diverge from the others.<ref name="Kano2002"/>
== 1997 taxonomy ==
According to the [[taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)]]
== 2005 taxonomy ==
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Four extant superfamilies are recognised: [[Helicinoidea]], [[Hydrocenoidea]], [[Neritoidea]] and [[Neritopsoidea]].
==In
Nerite snails are popular in the aquarium trade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nerite Snails: Algae Eating, Care, Lifespan, Eggs - Video |url=https://www.aquariumcarebasics.com/freshwater-snails/nerite-snails/ |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=Aquarium Care Basics |language=en-US}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist
▲
<ref name="Cunha2019">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1098/rspb.2018.2776| issn = 0962-8452| volume = 286| issue = 1898| pages = 20182776| last1 = Cunha| first1 = Tauana Junqueira| last2 = Giribet| first2 = Gonzalo| title = A congruent topology for deep gastropod relationships| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences| date = 2019-03-13| doi-access = free| pmc = 6458328}}</ref>
<ref name="Kano2002">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1098/rspb.2002.2178| issn = 0962-8452 | eissn = 1471-2954| volume = 269| issue = 1508| pages = 2457–2465| last1 = Kano| first1 = Yasunori| last2 = Chiba| first2 = Satoshi| last3 = Kase| first3 = Tomoki| title = Major adaptive radiation in neritopsine gastropods estimated from 28S rRNA sequences and fossil records| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences| date = 2002-12-07| pmc = 1691182}}</ref>
<ref name="Kano2006">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1002/jmor.10458| issn = 0362-2525 | eissn = 1097-4687| volume = 267| issue = 9| pages = 1120–1136| last = Kano| first = Yasunori| title = Usefulness of the opercular nucleus for inferring early development in neritimorph gastropods| journal = Journal of Morphology| date = September 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="Simone2011">{{Cite journal| issn = 0066-7870| volume = 32| issue = 4| pages = 161–323| last = Simone| first = Luiz Ricardo L.| title = Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology| journal = Arquivos de Zoologia| date = 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Uribe2016">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.021| issn = 1055-7903| volume = 104| pages = 21–31| last1 = Uribe| first1 = Juan E.| last2 = Colgan| first2 = Don| last3 = Castro| first3 = Lyda R.| last4 = Kano| first4 = Yasunori| last5 = Zardoya| first5 = Rafael| title = Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Neritimorpha (Mollusca: Gastropoda)| journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution| date = 2016-07-22| hdl = 10261/156227| hdl-access = free}}</ref>
<ref name="Uribe2022">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/sysbio/syac045| issn = 1063-5157 | eissn = 1076-836X| volume = 71| issue = 6| pages = 1271–1280| last1 = Uribe| first1 = Juan E| last2 = González| first2 = Vanessa L| last3 = Irisarri| first3 = Iker| last4 = Kano| first4 = Yasunori| last5 = Herbert| first5 = David G| last6 = Strong| first6 = Ellen E| last7 = Harasewych| first7 = M G| title = A phylogenomic backbone for gastropod molluscs| journal = Systematic Biology| date = 2022-10-12| hdl = 10261/279410| hdl-access = free}}</ref>
}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q18713253}}
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| Neritimorpha
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| Examples of Neritimorpha | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Neritimorpha |
| Clades | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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Neritopsina Cox & Knight, 1960 | |
Neritimorpha is a clade of gastropod molluscs that contains around 2,000 extant species of sea snails, limpets, freshwater snails, land snails and slugs.[1] This clade used to be known as the superorder Neritopsina.
The clade’s name, Neritimorpha, is from the Ancient Greek νηρίτης (nērī́tēs 'Nerite') and μορφή (morphḗ 'form').[2]
Despite their relatively low diversity, with only around 2,000 species, neritomorphs have achieved a remarkable diversity of forms, resembling a smaller-scale version of the diversity achieved by Gastropoda as a whole.[3] Terrestrial lifestyles have evolved at least three separate occasions in neritimorphs: the extinct Dawsonellidae and the extant Helicinidae and Hydrocenidae.[4] Neritimorphs also include the shellless, slug-like Titiscania.[3]
In all modern neritomorphs except neritopsids, the inner walls of the protoconch are resorbed.[5]
Unlike most other gastropods, neritomorphs typically have calcified opercula. There is no operculum in the shellless Titiscania, and the Phenacolepadidae have a vestigial, non-calcified operculum that shows no postlarval growth.[6]
Neritimorpha has an extremely rich geologic history, going back to early Ordovician.[5] This clade has been considered to be a leftover of early gastropod diversification.
Neritimorpha is the sister taxon of the Apogastropoda.[7][8] The clade uniting neritimorphs and apogastropods has been called either Adenogonogastropoda[9] or Angiogastropoda.[7]
All modern members of Neritimorpha are classified in the order Cycloneritimorpha.[5] Neritopsoidea was the first of the four modern neritomorph superfamilies to diverge from the others.[4]
According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997) Neritopsina is a gastropod superorder in the subclass Orthogastropoda. The superfamily Palaeotrochoidea is contained within Neritopsina but its order placement is undetermined.
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005[10] categorizes Neritimorpha as a gastropod mollusk clade. It is one of the 6 highest clades in Gastropoda. It contains the clades Cyrtoneritimorpha, Cycloneritimorpha, as well as Paleozoic Neritimorpha of uncertain position.
Clades (and uncertain position taxa) in Neritimorpha include:
Four extant superfamilies are recognised: Helicinoidea, Hydrocenoidea, Neritoidea and Neritopsoidea.
Nerite snails are popular in the aquarium trade.[11]
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