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==Effectiveness== |
==Effectiveness== |
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A study at the China Academy of [[Traditional Chinese Medicine]] published in a 1994 article,{{medrs|date=February 2015}} "Pharmacological studies of nin jion pei pa koa", states that Nin Jiom Pei Pa |
A study at the China Academy of [[Traditional Chinese Medicine]] published in a 1994 article,{{medrs|date=February 2015}} "Pharmacological studies of nin jion pei pa koa", states that Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa had significant cough relieving and sputum removing effects. In four acute or sub-acute inflammatory models, the anti-inflammatory effect was marked.."<ref>Li, Z. L., Dai, B. Q., Liang, A. H., Li, G. Q., Yang, Q., & Xue, B. Y. (1994). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7945885&dopt=Abstract Pharmacological studies of nin jion pei pa koa]. ''China journal of Chinese materia medica (Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi)'', 19(6), 362-5.</ref>{{npsn|date=February 2015}} |
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==Composition== |
==Composition== |
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King-to Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa (Chinese: 京都念慈菴川貝枇杷膏; pinyin: Jīngdū niàn cí ān chuānbèi pípá gāo), commonly known as Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa or simply pei pa koa (Chinese: 枇杷膏; pinyin: pípágāo), is a traditional Chinese natural herbal remedy used for the relief of sore throat, coughs, hoarseness, and loss of voice. It is a throat demulcent and expectorant.
In the name of the company, king-to means "capital", referring to Peking, and nin jiom means "in memory of my mother";[1] hence, it stresses the important virtueoffilial piety. Pei pa koa means "loquat syrup".
The product is marketed under the brand name Cap Ibu dan Anak (Malay for "Mother and Son Brand", referring to the brand's logo) in Malaysia[2] and Indonesia, also acronymed as OBIDA (as in ObatIbudanAnak) in the latter country.[3]
The formula for pei pa koa was reportedly created by Dr. Ip Tin-See, a Qing Dynasty physician born about 1880.[4][5] Yang Jin, a county commander, asked Doctor Ip to treat his mother's persistent cough. They were so impressed that they created a factory to mass-produce it.[1] In 1946, the Yang family sold the business to Tse Sui-Bong, a medicine practitioner, who founded the Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory. The company was formally incorporated in 1962, and continue to manufacture and sell the product worldwide.[6]
Pei pa koa had annual sales of HK$350 million in 2014.[1]
A study at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine published in a 1994 article,[unreliable medical source?] "Pharmacological studies of nin jion pei pa koa", states that Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa had significant cough relieving and sputum removing effects. In four acute or sub-acute inflammatory models, the anti-inflammatory effect was marked.."[7][non-primary source needed]
Pei pa koa is made up of a blend of herbal ingredients[8] including the fritillary bulb (Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, 川貝母), loquat leaf (Eriobotrya japonica, 枇鈀葉), ladybell root (Adenophora stricta, 南沙參), Indian bread (Wolfiporia extensa), 茯苓), pomelo peel (Citrus maxima, 化橘紅), chinese bellflower root (Platycodon grandiflorum, 桔梗), pinellia rhizome (Pinellia ternata, 半夏), Schisandra seed (Schisandra chinensis, 五味子), Trichosanthes seed (Trichosanthes cucumerina, 瓜蔞子), coltsfoot flower (Tussilago farfara, 款冬花), thinleaf milkwort root (Polygala tenuifolia, 遠志), bitter apricot kernel (Prunus armeniaca, 苦杏仁), fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale, 生薑), licorice root (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 甘草),[9] and menthol in a syrup and honey base.
It is common to take the preparation right from the bottle served in a tablespoon. It can also be prepared as a drink, by dissolving a tablespoon full in hot water.
