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[[File:AcquittalSevenBishops.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|The [[Seven Bishops]], June 1688; their acquittal was a key factor in the removal of [[James II of England|James]] but five became Non-Jurors out of conscience]] |
[[File:AcquittalSevenBishops.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|The [[Seven Bishops]], June 1688; their acquittal was a key factor in the removal of [[James II of England|James]] but five became Non-Jurors out of conscience]] |
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In modern usage, [[Presbyterian polity|Presbyterian]] and [[Episcopal polity|Episcopalian]] implies differences in both governance and doctrine but this was not the case in the 17th and 18th centuries. ''Episcopalian'' structures were governed by bishops, appointed by the monarch; ''Presbyterian'' implied rule by [[Elder (Christianity)|Elder]]s, nominated by congregations. In an era when "true religion" and "true government" were assumed to be the same thing, arguments over church governance and practice often reflected political differences, not simply religious ones.{{sfn|Wedgwood|1955|pp= |
In modern usage, [[Presbyterian polity|Presbyterian]] and [[Episcopal polity|Episcopalian]] implies differences in both governance and doctrine but this was not the case in the 17th and 18th centuries. ''Episcopalian'' structures were governed by bishops, appointed by the monarch; ''Presbyterian'' implied rule by [[Elder (Christianity)|Elder]]s, nominated by congregations. In an era when "true religion" and "true government" were assumed to be the same thing, arguments over church governance and practice often reflected political differences, not simply religious ones.{{sfn|Wedgwood|1955|pp=93-94}} |
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In 1688, all three [[State religion|established churches]] were Episcopalian in structure and [[Protestantism|Protestant]] in doctrine, but faced different challenges. In England, over 90% belonged to the [[Church of England]], while the majority of those excluded were [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Protestant Nonconformists]] who wanted to reverse the [[Act of Uniformity 1662]] and be allowed to rejoin the Church.{{Sfn|Miller|1978|pp=171–172}} In Ireland, over 75% of the population were Catholic, while the [[Church of Ireland]] was a minority even among Irish Protestants, the majority of whom were Nonconformists concentrated in [[Ulster]]. Nearly 98% of Scots were members of the [[Church of Scotland]], or kirk, far closer in doctrine to Irish Nonconformists than the Church of England and an organisational hybrid, with bishops presiding over Presbyterian structures.{{sfn|McDonald|1998|pp=75–76}} |
In 1688, all three [[State religion|established churches]] were Episcopalian in structure and [[Protestantism|Protestant]] in doctrine, but faced different challenges. In England, over 90% belonged to the [[Church of England]], while the majority of those excluded were [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Protestant Nonconformists]] who wanted to reverse the [[Act of Uniformity 1662]] and be allowed to rejoin the Church.{{Sfn|Miller|1978|pp=171–172}} In Ireland, over 75% of the population were Catholic, while the [[Church of Ireland]] was a minority even among Irish Protestants, the majority of whom were Nonconformists concentrated in [[Ulster]]. Nearly 98% of Scots were members of the [[Church of Scotland]], or kirk, far closer in doctrine to Irish Nonconformists than the Church of England and an organisational hybrid, with bishops presiding over Presbyterian structures.{{sfn|McDonald|1998|pp=75–76}} |
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Post 1745, many Non-Juror meeting houses were closed or destroyed, and further restrictions placed on their clergy and congregants. When Prince Charles died in 1788, he was succeeded by his brother [[Henry Benedict Stuart|Henry]], a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Catholic Cardinal]], and the Episcopal Church now swore allegiance to [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]], ending the schism with the Qualified Chapels, although the Qualified Chapel in [[Montrose, Angus|Montrose]] remained independent until 1920. |
Post 1745, many Non-Juror meeting houses were closed or destroyed, and further restrictions placed on their clergy and congregants. When Prince Charles died in 1788, he was succeeded by his brother [[Henry Benedict Stuart|Henry]], a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Catholic Cardinal]], and the Episcopal Church now swore allegiance to [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]], ending the schism with the Qualified Chapels, although the Qualified Chapel in [[Montrose, Angus|Montrose]] remained independent until 1920. |
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{{sfn|Bertie|2000|p=649}} In 1788 Bishop Charles Rose of Dunblane, and one presbyter, James Brown of Montrose, refused to acknowledge George III and his family, forming a breakaway nonjuring church based in Edinburgh that acknowledged Henry Stuart. However, the church finally ended in 1808 with the death of their last clergyman Donald Macintosh, a noted Gaelic scholar. When the penal laws were finally lifted in 1792, the Church had fewer than 15,000 members, less than one percent of the Scottish population.{{sfn|Dickinson|2006|p=268}} Today, the Scottish Episcopal Church is sometimes [[pejorative]]ly referred to as the "English Kirk".<ref>{{cite web|author=Published on Friday 4 April 2008 15:08 |url=http://www.lanarkgazette.co.uk/news/local-headlines/we_re_not_english_kirk_1_375144 |title=We're NOT English Kirk! |
{{sfn|Bertie|2000|p=649}} In 1788 Bishop Charles Rose of Dunblane, and one presbyter, James Brown of Montrose, refused to acknowledge George III and his family, forming a breakaway nonjuring church based in Edinburgh that acknowledged Henry Stuart. However, the church finally ended in 1808 with the death of their last clergyman Donald Macintosh, a noted Gaelic scholar. When the penal laws were finally lifted in 1792, the Church had fewer than 15,000 members, less than one percent of the Scottish population.{{sfn|Dickinson|2006|p=268}} Today, the Scottish Episcopal Church is sometimes [[pejorative]]ly referred to as the "English Kirk".<ref>{{cite web|author=Published on Friday 4 April 2008 15:08 |url=http://www.lanarkgazette.co.uk/news/local-headlines/we_re_not_english_kirk_1_375144 |title=We're NOT English Kirk! - Local Headlines |publisher=Lanark Gazette |date=2008-04-04 |access-date=2012-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.scotsman.com/anglicanchurch/Church-fury-over-historic-mistakes.2792848.jp | location=Edinburgh | work=The Scotsman | first=Murdo | last=Macleod | title=Church fury over historic mistakes on 'English kirk' | date=16 July 2006}}</ref> |
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==Non Jurors in North America== |
==Non Jurors in North America== |
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* Robert Gordon (1703–1779), last bishop in the regular Nonjuring succession. Also called Gordoun. |
* Robert Gordon (1703–1779), last bishop in the regular Nonjuring succession. Also called Gordoun. |
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* [[Lady Elizabeth Hastings]] (1682–1739); philanthropist, early supporter of [[Methodism]] |
* [[Lady Elizabeth Hastings]] (1682–1739); philanthropist, early supporter of [[Methodism]] |
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* [[Thomas_Hearne_(antiquarian)|Thomas Hearne]] ( |
* [[Thomas_Hearne_(antiquarian)|Thomas Hearne]] (1678 – 1735), antiquarian and diarist |
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* [[Charles Jennens]] (1700–73), librettist for [[Messiah (Handel)|Handel's ''Messiah'']], [[Saul (Handel)|S''aul'']], ''[[Belshazzar (Handel)|Belshazzar]],'' and other oratorios |
* [[Charles Jennens]] (1700–73), librettist for [[Messiah (Handel)|Handel's ''Messiah'']], [[Saul (Handel)|S''aul'']], ''[[Belshazzar (Handel)|Belshazzar]],'' and other oratorios |
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* [[William Law]] ( |
* [[William Law]] (1686-1761) |
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* [[Charles Leslie (nonjuror)|Charles Leslie]] (1650–1721), Jacobite propagandist, author of ''The Rehearsal'' and ''Short and Easy Method with the Deists'' |
* [[Charles Leslie (nonjuror)|Charles Leslie]] (1650–1721), Jacobite propagandist, author of ''The Rehearsal'' and ''Short and Easy Method with the Deists'' |
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* [[Robert Nelson (nonjuror)|Robert Nelson]] (1656–1715), founding member of the [[Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge]]; |
* [[Robert Nelson (nonjuror)|Robert Nelson]] (1656–1715), founding member of the [[Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge]]; |
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==Sources== |
==Sources== |
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* {{cite book |editor-last1=Bertie|editor-first1=David M |title=Scottish Episcopal Clergy |
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Bertie|editor-first1=David M |title=Scottish Episcopal Clergy 1689-2000 |date=2000 |publisher=T & T Clark |isbn=978-0567087461}} |
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* {{cite odnb |id=28400|last1=Cornwall |first1=Robert D |title=Wagstaffe, Thomas (1645 |date=2008}} |
* {{cite odnb |id=28400|last1=Cornwall |first1=Robert D |title=Wagstaffe, Thomas (1645 |date=2008}} |
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* {{cite odnb |id=29031|last1=Cornwall |first1=Robert |title=Welton, Richard (1671/1672-1726)|date=2004}} |
* {{cite odnb |id=29031|last1=Cornwall |first1=Robert |title=Welton, Richard (1671/1672-1726)|date=2004}} |
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* {{cite journal |last1=Doyle |first1=Thomas |title=Jacobitism, Catholicism and the Irish Protestant Elite, |
* {{cite journal |last1=Doyle |first1=Thomas |title=Jacobitism, Catholicism and the Irish Protestant Elite, 1700-1710 |journal=Eighteenth-Century Ireland / Iris an Dá Chultúr |date=1997 |volume=12 |pages=28–59 |doi=10.3828/eci.1997.4 |jstor=30071383|s2cid=256147597 }} |
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* {{cite journal |last1=Duncan |first1=Robert William |title=A Study of the Ministry of John Talbot in New Jersey, 1702-1727: On 'Great Ripeness' Much Dedication, and Regrettable Failure |journal=Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church |date=1973 |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=233–256 |jstor=42973381}} |
* {{cite journal |last1=Duncan |first1=Robert William |title=A Study of the Ministry of John Talbot in New Jersey, 1702-1727: On 'Great Ripeness' Much Dedication, and Regrettable Failure |journal=Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church |date=1973 |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=233–256 |jstor=42973381}} |
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* {{cite book|editor-last1=Dickinson|editor-first1=HT |title=Eighteenth Century Britain (Blackwell Companions to British History)|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=1405149639}} |
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Dickinson|editor-first1=HT |title=Eighteenth Century Britain (Blackwell Companions to British History)|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=1405149639}} |
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* {{cite journal |last1=Frace |first1=Ryan K |title=Religious Toleration in the Wake of Revolution: Scotland on the Eve of Enlightenment (1688–1710s) |journal=History |date=2008 |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=355–375 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-229X.2008.00429.x |jstor=24428394|doi-access=free }} |
* {{cite journal |last1=Frace |first1=Ryan K |title=Religious Toleration in the Wake of Revolution: Scotland on the Eve of Enlightenment (1688–1710s) |journal=History |date=2008 |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=355–375 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-229X.2008.00429.x |jstor=24428394|doi-access=free }} |
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* {{cite odnb |id=13203|last1=Harmsen |first1=Theodor |title=Hickes, George (1642–1715)|date=2008}} |
* {{cite odnb |id=13203|last1=Harmsen |first1=Theodor |title=Hickes, George (1642–1715)|date=2008}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Tim|title=Revolution; the Great Crisis of the British Monarchy |
* {{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Tim|title=Revolution; the Great Crisis of the British Monarchy 1685-1720|date=2007|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0141016528}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Hastings |first1=James |title=Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics; Volume IX |date=1917 |publisher=T & T Clark }} |
* {{cite book |last1=Hastings |first1=James |title=Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics; Volume IX |date=1917 |publisher=T & T Clark }} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Higgins|first1=Ian|editor-last1=MacInnes|editor-first1=Alan |editor-last2=Graham|editor-first2=Lesley|editor-last3=German|editor-first3=Kieran|title=Jonathan Swift's Memoirs of a Jacobite in ''Living with Jacobitism, 1690–1788: The Three Kingdoms and Beyond'' |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1848934702}} |
* {{cite book |last1=Higgins|first1=Ian|editor-last1=MacInnes|editor-first1=Alan |editor-last2=Graham|editor-first2=Lesley|editor-last3=German|editor-first3=Kieran|title=Jonathan Swift's Memoirs of a Jacobite in ''Living with Jacobitism, 1690–1788: The Three Kingdoms and Beyond'' |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1848934702}} |
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* {{cite odnb |id=105934|last1=Robb |first1=Steven |title=Gordon, Robert (1703-1779) |date=2013}} |
* {{cite odnb |id=105934|last1=Robb |first1=Steven |title=Gordon, Robert (1703-1779) |date=2013}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Robb |first1=Steven |title=Bishop Cartwright of Shrewsbury and the Orthodox British Church|journal=Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society|volume=96|year=2021}} |
* {{cite journal|last1=Robb |first1=Steven |title=Bishop Cartwright of Shrewsbury and the Orthodox British Church|journal=Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society|volume=96|year=2021}} |
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* {{cite odnb |id=12582|last1=Schlenther |first1=Boyd Stanley |title=Hastings [née Shirley], Selina, countess of Huntingdon ( |
* {{cite odnb |id=12582|last1=Schlenther |first1=Boyd Stanley |title=Hastings [née Shirley], Selina, countess of Huntingdon (1707-1791) |date=2008}} |
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* {{cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Beatrice |title=Lady Elizabeth Hastings |journal=The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal |date=1983 |volume=55 }} |
* {{cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Beatrice |title=Lady Elizabeth Hastings |journal=The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal |date=1983 |volume=55 }} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Shukman|first=Ann|editor-last=Doll|editor-first=Peter|title=The Non-Jurors, Peter the Great, and the Eastern Patriarchs in "Anglicanism and Orthodoxy: 300 Years after the Greek College in Oxford"|year=2006|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3039105809}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Shukman|first=Ann|editor-last=Doll|editor-first=Peter|title=The Non-Jurors, Peter the Great, and the Eastern Patriarchs in "Anglicanism and Orthodoxy: 300 Years after the Greek College in Oxford"|year=2006|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3039105809}} |
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Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
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