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{{Short description|German Porcelain Manufactory}} |
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⚫ | [[File:Nymphenburg- Pair of rococo vases, ca 1760.jpg|alt=Nymphenburg: Pair of small table vases, probably by J. Häringer, c. 1760|thumb|270px|Nymphenburg: Pair of small table vases, probably by J. Häringer, {{circa}} 1760]] |
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⚫ | [[File:Nymphenburg-porzellan.jpg|thumb|270px|Nymphenburg porcelain tableware, c. 1760–1765]] |
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{{Infobox company |
{{Infobox company |
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| name |
| name = Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory |
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| logo |
| logo = Carl Theodor Medaillon.jpg |
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| logo_size |
| logo_size = 150px |
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| native_name = Königliche Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg GmbH & Co. KG |
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| type = [[Public company|Public]] |
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| native_name_lang = de |
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| type = [[Privately held company|Private]] ([[GmbH & Co. KG]]) |
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| genre = |
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| foundation |
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⚫ | | foundation = [[Electorate of Bavaria]], [[Holy Roman Empire]] ({{Start date|1747}}) |
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| location = |
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| location = |
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| area_served = |
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⚫ | | key_people = Joseph Jakob Ringler, [[Franz Anton Bustelli]], [[Sigmund von Haimhausen]], Albert Bäuml |
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| revenue = |
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| revenue = Maximum of 10 million euros |
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| net_income |
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| assets |
| assets = |
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| equity |
| equity = |
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| owner |
| owner = Wittelsbach Compensation Fund and Prince Luitpold of Bavaria<ref name=manu/> |
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| num_employees = 70 in Germany<ref name=wzw>{{cite web |url= https://www.wer-zu-wem.de/firma/nymphenburg.html |title= Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Nymphenburg aus München |publisher= wer-zu-wem GmbH Hamburg |access-date= 31 December 2019 |archive-date= 17 January 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180117060227/https://www.wer-zu-wem.de/firma/nymphenburg.html |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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| divisions |
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| homepage |
| homepage = {{url|https://www.nymphenburg.com/}} |
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[[File:Nymphenburg- Pair of rococo vases, ca 1760.jpg|alt=Nymphenburg: Pair of small table vases, probably by J. Häringer, |
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⚫ | The '''Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory''' (German: ''Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg'') is located at the ''Nördliches Schloßrondell'' (northern palace circle) in one of the ''Cavalier Houses'' in front of the [[Nymphenburg Palace]] in [[Munich]], Germany, and since its establishment in 1747 has produced [[porcelain]] of high quality. It is one of the last porcelain producers in the world where every single part is made entirely by hand.<ref name=wzw/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.waf-bayern.de/waf/PM%20Porzellan%20Manufaktur%20Nymphenburg_30.09.2011.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140312213809/http://www.waf-bayern.de/waf/PM%20Porzellan%20Manufaktur%20Nymphenburg_30.09.2011.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= 12 March 2014 | title=Prinz Luitpold von Bayern übernimmt die Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg |publisher= Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg | date=30 November 2011 | access-date= 31 December 2019}}</ref> |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2012}} |
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⚫ | [[File:Nymphenburg-porzellan.jpg|thumb|Nymphenburg porcelain tableware, c. 1760–1765]] |
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The '''Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory''' (German: ''Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg'') |
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== History == |
== History == |
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After his accession in 1745 [[Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian III Joseph, Prince-Elector of Bavaria]], commanded the establishment of manufacturing companies in order to bail out the state finances. |
After his accession in 1745 [[Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian III Joseph, Prince-Elector of Bavaria]], commanded the establishment of manufacturing companies in order to bail out the state finances. On 11 November 1747 the first manufactory with potters and modelling shops, painting and writing rooms was set up at the ''Grüne Schlössl'', ''Neudeck Castle'' formerly located in the area of the modern day Munich boroughof[[Au-Haidhausen]]. Not until 1754 after Joseph Jakob Ringler had mastered the complex processesofproduction, regular manufacture of porcelain finally began to succeed. In the same year the [[rococo]] porcelain sculptor [[Franz Anton Bustelli]] came to work at the factory. In 1755 the factory received its first commission from the Bavarian court and in 1756 came the first success in painting the porcelain in colour. The skillful management of lawyer and entrepreneur [[Sigmund von Haimhausen|Count Sigmund von Haimhausen]] ensured that by 1758 the factory was placed on a sound commercial footing. In 1761 the manufacture moved to a [[Cavalier house]], a prestigious two-storey hipped roof building with a semicircular risalit center and structured plaster on the grand circle near the main entrance of the [[Nymphenburg Palace]], where it is still located today.<ref name=manu/><ref name="Yonan2017">{{cite book|author=Michael E. Yonan|title=The Cultural Aesthetics of Eighteenth-Century Porcelain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiwxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT230|date=5 July 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-54519-8|page=230}}</ref> |
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[[File:8Schlossrondell-02.jpg|thumb|The cavalier house on the grand circle in front of [[Nymphenburg Palace]], production site since 1761]] |
[[File:8Schlossrondell-02.jpg|thumb|270px|The cavalier house on the grand circle in front of [[Nymphenburg Palace]], production site since 1761]] |
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Among the artists who followed Bustelli were [[Dominik Auliczek]] the elder (1734–1804) and [[Johann Peter Melchior]]. A great promoter of the works was [[Ludwig I of Bavaria|Ludwig I]], who gave them many commissions. Particular favourites were dinner services with copies of famous paintings or with Bavarian landscapes in an antique style. |
Among the artists who followed Bustelli were [[Dominik Auliczek]] the elder (1734–1804) and [[Johann Peter Melchior]]. A great promoter of the works was [[Ludwig I of Bavaria|Ludwig I]], who gave them many commissions. Particular favourites were dinner services with copies of famous paintings or with Bavarian landscapes in an antique style.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.wissenschaft.de/magazin/weitere-themen/300-jahre-europaeisches-porzellan/ |title= 300 Jahre europäisches Porzellan |publisher= Wissenschaft de |access-date= 31 December 2019 |archive-date= 1 January 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200101015245/https://www.wissenschaft.de/magazin/weitere-themen/300-jahre-europaeisches-porzellan/ |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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In 1822 [[Friedrich von Gärtner]], the fashionable architect, was appointed artistic director of the factory. In the middle of the 19th century its financial position deteriorated to the extent that in 1856 all artistic production was halted and it was decided to privatise the factory. It was leased out for the first time in 1862 and its focus shifted to the production of technical, medical and sanitary porcelain goods. |
In 1822 [[Friedrich von Gärtner]], the fashionable architect, was appointed artistic director of the factory. In the middle of the 19th century its financial position deteriorated to the extent that in 1856 all artistic production was halted and it was decided to privatise the factory. It was leased out for the first time in 1862 and its focus shifted to the production of technical, medical and sanitary porcelain goods. |
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In 1887 Albert Bäuml (1855–1929) took a lease of the factory. His aim was to regain the previous high artistic level of the factory's products: it was Bäuml, for example, who "rediscovered" Bustelli. This aim was realised at around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and besides historical copies, elegant [[Jugendstil]] ceramics were developed. |
In 1887 Albert Bäuml (1855–1929) took a lease of the factory. His aim was to regain the previous high artistic level of the factory's products: it was Bäuml, for example, who "rediscovered" Bustelli. This aim was realised at around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and besides historical copies, elegant [[Jugendstil]] ceramics were developed.<ref name=wzw/> |
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The product range includes services, mocca cups, figurines, animal figurines, Bavarica, baskets, vases, maiolica, table decoration and accessories. The customers of these exquisite products include the international aristocracy, embassies, churches and palaces at home and abroad.<ref name=wzw/> |
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Since 1975 the factory has been leased by the [[Bavaria|Bavarian government]] to the [[Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach Compensation Fund]] (Wittelsbacher Ausgleichsfonds). In 2011 it was taken over by [[Prince Luitpold of Bavaria (b.1951)|Prince Luitpold of Bavaria]]. |
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Since 1975 the factory has been leased by the [[Free State of Bavaria]] to the [[Wittelsbach#Current position of the head of the house|Wittelsbach Compensation Fund]] (Wittelsbacher Ausgleichsfonds), a holding in the form of a foundation in the hands of the former royal family. In 2011 the lease contract was taken over by [[Prince Luitpold of Bavaria (b.1951)|Prince Luitpold of Bavaria]] as owner of ''Königliche Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg GmbH & Co. KG''. The historic production buildings since 1761 now belong to the [[Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes]], which rents them out to the respective operator. |
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The Nymphenburg Palace also accommodates the '''Nymphenburg Porcelain Museum''' (the Bäuml Collection). Guided tours through the factory can be arranged by prior appointment. Nymphenburg Palace is known to have been the working place of artists and sculptors like [[Hanns Goebl]] and Franz Anton Bustelli.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.nymphenburg.com/en/manufactory/history | title=History |publisher= Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg | date= | author= | accessdate= December 31, 2019}}</ref> |
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The '''Nymphenburg Porcelain Museum''' (the Bäuml Collection, founded by a former owner of the manufactory), is located on the upper floor of the [[Marstallmuseum]] in the left wing of the palace itself. Over 1,000 exhibits, beginning in 1747, are on display. Showpieces are the figures from the [[Commedia dell’arte]] by [[Franz Anton Bustelli]] and the figures by [[Dominik Auliczek]] from 1770. The current owner of the Nypmphenburg Porcelain Manufactory, Luitpold Prince of Bavaria, presents the service of his great-grandfather King [[Ludwig III of Bavaria]] from his private collection. Nymphenburg Palace is known to have been the working place of artists and sculptors like [[Hanns Goebl]] and William Brand.<ref name=manu>{{cite web |url= https://www.nymphenburg.com/en/manufactory/history |title= History |publisher= Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg |access-date= 31 December 2019 |archive-date= 16 June 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190616113618/https://www.nymphenburg.com/en/manufactory/history |url-status= live }}</ref> Guided tours through the factory can be arranged by prior appointment. |
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==Today's products== |
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The factory now has around 60 employees and production is carried out exclusively by hand. Most of the employees working in the turning, painting, kiln and gilding workshops have artistic training and learn traditional craft techniques in a three-year training course within the manufactory. The manufactory has almost all historical archive samples and produces entire services or missing parts based on these samples to order. If desired, old patterns are also modernized. The traditional porcelain lion with the Bavarian coat of arms is a popular gift from companies or the Bavarian state government. Porcelain dogs of various breeds are also popular. |
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Furthermore, modern to avant-garde service or decorative objects are produced, whereby the patterns are not designed by an in-house development department, but rather well-known contemporary designers and artists are commissioned with the designs. In the 21st century, these have included [[Konstantin Grcic]], [[Hella Jongerius]], [[Kiki Smith]], [[Atelier van Lieshout|Joep van Lieshout]], [[Olaf Nicolai]] and [[Carsten Höller]].<ref>{{Official|https://www.nymphenburg.com/}}. Press report: ''[[:de:Deutsches Adelsblatt|Deutsches Adelsblatt]]'', Nr 9 (September 2023), p. 34−39: ''Spielplatz für Designer'' (Playground for designers)</ref> |
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The classical figurines of the [[Commedia dell'arte]] with their baroque costumes were redressed as ''fashionistas'' in collaboration with fashion designers such as [[Christian Lacroix]] or [[Vivienne Westwood]]. Some celebrities such as [[Kate Moss]] and [[Damien Hirst]] also ordered sculptures of themselves or their works of art. [[Elton John]] is also a customer. |
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It is planned to rent out a luxury suite on the factory premises on a daily basis, which will be furnished with decorative objects, wall lamps, centerpieces and porcelain pictures, for example for wedding couples or culture-conscious holidaymakers. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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<references /> |
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== Bibliography == |
== Bibliography == |
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⚫ | * Marita Krauss: ''Die königlich-bayerischen Hoflieferanten.'' Volk Verlag, Munich 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-937200-27-9}}, |
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⚫ | * Katharina Hantschmann: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan 1797 bis 1847. Geschichte, Modelle, Dekore.'' Klinkhardt und Biermann, Munich 1996, {{ISBN|3-7814-0390-4}}, |
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* Marita Krauss: ''Die königlich-bayerischen Hoflieferanten.'' Volk Verlag, |
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* Friedrich H. Hofmann: ''Geschichte der bayerischen Porzellan-Manufaktur Nymphenburg.'' 3 Volumes. Hiersemann, Leipzig 1921–1923, reprint: Scherer, ''Edition Arkanum'', Berlin 1991, {{ISBN|3-89433-009-0}}. |
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* Katharina Hantschmann: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan 1797 bis 1847. Geschichte, Modelle, Dekore.'' Klinkhardt und Biermann, |
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* |
* Barbara Krafft, Max Oppel: ''250 Jahre Porzellan-Manufaktur Nymphenburg 1747 – 1997.'' IP-Verlags-Gesellschaft, Munich 1997, {{ISBN|3-00-001191-9}}. |
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⚫ | * Timo Nüßlein: ''Paul Ludwig Troost (1878–1934).'' Böhlau, Wien u. a. 2012, {{ISBN|978-3-205-78865-2}}, |
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* Barbara Krafft, Max Oppel (Red.): ''250 Jahre Porzellan-Manufaktur Nymphenburg 1747 – 1997.'' IP-Verlags-Gesellschaft, München 1997, ISBN 3-00-001191-9. |
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* Timo Nüßlein: ''Paul Ludwig Troost (1878–1934).'' Böhlau, Wien u. a. 2012, ISBN |
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* Timo Nüßlein: ''Der „Erste Baumeister des Dritten Reichs“ und das Porzellan – Paul Ludwig Troost und die Staatliche Porzellanmanufaktur Nymphenburg'', in: ''Keramos'' 220, {{ISSN|0453-7580}}, Gesellschaft der Keramikfreunde, Deggendorf 2013. |
* Timo Nüßlein: ''Der „Erste Baumeister des Dritten Reichs“ und das Porzellan – Paul Ludwig Troost und die Staatliche Porzellanmanufaktur Nymphenburg'', in: ''Keramos'' 220, {{ISSN|0453-7580}}, Gesellschaft der Keramikfreunde, Deggendorf 2013. |
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* Arno Schönberger: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan.'' Prestel, |
* Arno Schönberger: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan.'' Prestel, Munich 1949 (''Bilderhefte des Bayerischen Nationalmuseums München'' 4). |
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* Rainer Schuster: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan. Kostbarkeiten aus der Sammlung Bäuml und dem Residenzmuseum |
* Rainer Schuster: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan. Kostbarkeiten aus der Sammlung Bäuml und dem Residenzmuseum Munich.'' [[Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen]], Munich 1997, {{ISBN|3-9805654-0-8}}. |
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* Rosel Termolen (Hrsg.): ''Nymphenburger Porzellan.'' 3. Auflage. Rosenheimer, Rosenheim 1997, ISBN |
* Rosel Termolen (Hrsg.): ''Nymphenburger Porzellan.'' 3. Auflage. Rosenheimer, Rosenheim 1997, {{ISBN|3-475-52504-6}}, |
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* Hans Thoma: ''Porzellan-Manufaktur Nymphenburg. 1747–1947. Zweihundert Jahre Nymphenburg.'' Bruckmann, |
* Hans Thoma: ''Porzellan-Manufaktur Nymphenburg. 1747–1947. Zweihundert Jahre Nymphenburg.'' Bruckmann, Munich 1947. |
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* Alfred Ziffer: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan. Sammlung Bäuml.'' Arnold, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN |
* Alfred Ziffer: ''Nymphenburger Porzellan. Sammlung Bäuml.'' Arnold, Stuttgart 1997, {{ISBN|3-925369-61-9}}. |
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* Rainer Schuster, 1997. ''Nymphenburger Porzellan. Kostbarkeiten aus der Sammlung Bäuml und dem Residenzmuseum München''. Munich: Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen. |
* Rainer Schuster, 1997. ''Nymphenburger Porzellan. Kostbarkeiten aus der Sammlung Bäuml und dem Residenzmuseum München''. Munich: Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{ |
{{Commons category|Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory}} |
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* {{Official|https://www.nymphenburg.com/}} |
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* [ |
* [https://www.schloss-nymphenburg.de/englisch/marstall/porcel.htm Museum of Nymphenburg Porcelain] – [[Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes]] |
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{{Porcelain}} |
{{Porcelain}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Luxury brands]] |
[[Category:Luxury brands]] |
![]() | |
Native name | Königliche Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg GmbH & Co. KG |
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Company type | Private (GmbH & Co. KG) |
Industry | Ceramics |
Founded | Electorate of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire (1747 (1747)) |
Founder | Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria |
Headquarters |
,
Germany
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Key people | Joseph Jakob Ringler, Franz Anton Bustelli, Sigmund von Haimhausen, Albert Bäuml |
Products | Tableware |
Revenue | Maximum of 10 million euros |
Owner | Wittelsbach Compensation Fund and Prince Luitpold of Bavaria[1] |
Number of employees | 70 in Germany[2] |
Website | www |
The Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory (German: Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg) is located at the Nördliches Schloßrondell (northern palace circle) in one of the Cavalier Houses in front of the Nymphenburg PalaceinMunich, Germany, and since its establishment in 1747 has produced porcelain of high quality. It is one of the last porcelain producers in the world where every single part is made entirely by hand.[2][3]
After his accession in 1745 Maximilian III Joseph, Prince-Elector of Bavaria, commanded the establishment of manufacturing companies in order to bail out the state finances. On 11 November 1747 the first manufactory with potters and modelling shops, painting and writing rooms was set up at the Grüne Schlössl, Neudeck Castle formerly located in the area of the modern day Munich borough of Au-Haidhausen. Not until 1754 after Joseph Jakob Ringler had mastered the complex processes of production, regular manufacture of porcelain finally began to succeed. In the same year the rococo porcelain sculptor Franz Anton Bustelli came to work at the factory. In 1755 the factory received its first commission from the Bavarian court and in 1756 came the first success in painting the porcelain in colour. The skillful management of lawyer and entrepreneur Count Sigmund von Haimhausen ensured that by 1758 the factory was placed on a sound commercial footing. In 1761 the manufacture moved to a Cavalier house, a prestigious two-storey hipped roof building with a semicircular risalit center and structured plaster on the grand circle near the main entrance of the Nymphenburg Palace, where it is still located today.[1][4]
Among the artists who followed Bustelli were Dominik Auliczek the elder (1734–1804) and Johann Peter Melchior. A great promoter of the works was Ludwig I, who gave them many commissions. Particular favourites were dinner services with copies of famous paintings or with Bavarian landscapes in an antique style.[5]
In 1822 Friedrich von Gärtner, the fashionable architect, was appointed artistic director of the factory. In the middle of the 19th century its financial position deteriorated to the extent that in 1856 all artistic production was halted and it was decided to privatise the factory. It was leased out for the first time in 1862 and its focus shifted to the production of technical, medical and sanitary porcelain goods.
In 1887 Albert Bäuml (1855–1929) took a lease of the factory. His aim was to regain the previous high artistic level of the factory's products: it was Bäuml, for example, who "rediscovered" Bustelli. This aim was realised at around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and besides historical copies, elegant Jugendstil ceramics were developed.[2]
The product range includes services, mocca cups, figurines, animal figurines, Bavarica, baskets, vases, maiolica, table decoration and accessories. The customers of these exquisite products include the international aristocracy, embassies, churches and palaces at home and abroad.[2]
Since 1975 the factory has been leased by the Free State of Bavaria to the Wittelsbach Compensation Fund (Wittelsbacher Ausgleichsfonds), a holding in the form of a foundation in the hands of the former royal family. In 2011 the lease contract was taken over by Prince Luitpold of Bavaria as owner of Königliche Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg GmbH & Co. KG. The historic production buildings since 1761 now belong to the Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes, which rents them out to the respective operator.
The Nymphenburg Porcelain Museum (the Bäuml Collection, founded by a former owner of the manufactory), is located on the upper floor of the Marstallmuseum in the left wing of the palace itself. Over 1,000 exhibits, beginning in 1747, are on display. Showpieces are the figures from the Commedia dell’artebyFranz Anton Bustelli and the figures by Dominik Auliczek from 1770. The current owner of the Nypmphenburg Porcelain Manufactory, Luitpold Prince of Bavaria, presents the service of his great-grandfather King Ludwig III of Bavaria from his private collection. Nymphenburg Palace is known to have been the working place of artists and sculptors like Hanns Goebl and William Brand.[1] Guided tours through the factory can be arranged by prior appointment.
The factory now has around 60 employees and production is carried out exclusively by hand. Most of the employees working in the turning, painting, kiln and gilding workshops have artistic training and learn traditional craft techniques in a three-year training course within the manufactory. The manufactory has almost all historical archive samples and produces entire services or missing parts based on these samples to order. If desired, old patterns are also modernized. The traditional porcelain lion with the Bavarian coat of arms is a popular gift from companies or the Bavarian state government. Porcelain dogs of various breeds are also popular.
Furthermore, modern to avant-garde service or decorative objects are produced, whereby the patterns are not designed by an in-house development department, but rather well-known contemporary designers and artists are commissioned with the designs. In the 21st century, these have included Konstantin Grcic, Hella Jongerius, Kiki Smith, Joep van Lieshout, Olaf Nicolai and Carsten Höller.[6]
The classical figurines of the Commedia dell'arte with their baroque costumes were redressed as fashionistas in collaboration with fashion designers such as Christian LacroixorVivienne Westwood. Some celebrities such as Kate Moss and Damien Hirst also ordered sculptures of themselves or their works of art. Elton John is also a customer.
It is planned to rent out a luxury suite on the factory premises on a daily basis, which will be furnished with decorative objects, wall lamps, centerpieces and porcelain pictures, for example for wedding couples or culture-conscious holidaymakers.
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