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The '''Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory''' (German: ''Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg''), is located at the ''Nördliche Schloßrondell'' in one of the ''Cavalier Houses'' in front of the [[Nymphenburg Palace]] in [[Munich]], [[Germany]], and since its establishment in 1747 has produced [[porcelain]] of high quality.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140312213809/http://www.waf-bayern.de/waf/PM%20Porzellan%20Manufaktur%20Nymphenburg_30.09.2011.pdf | title=Prinz Luitpold von Bayern übernimmt die Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg |publisher= Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg | date= November 30, 2011 | author= | accessdate= December 31, 2019}}</ref> |
The '''Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory''' (German: ''Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg''), is located at the ''Nördliche Schloßrondell'' in one of the ''Cavalier Houses'' in front of the [[Nymphenburg Palace]] in [[Munich]], [[Germany]], and since its establishment in 1747 has produced [[porcelain]] of high quality.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140312213809/http://www.waf-bayern.de/waf/PM%20Porzellan%20Manufaktur%20Nymphenburg_30.09.2011.pdf | title=Prinz Luitpold von Bayern übernimmt die Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg |publisher= Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg | date= November 30, 2011 | author= | accessdate= December 31, 2019}}</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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After his accession in 1745 [[Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian III Joseph, Prince-Elector of Bavaria]], commanded the establishment of manufacturing companies in order to bail out the state finances. On 11 November 1747 the first manufactory with potters and modelling shops, painting and writing rooms was set up at the ''Grüne Schlössl'', ''Neudeck Castle'' formerly located in the area of the modern day Munich borough of [[Au-Haidhausen]]. Not until 1754 after Joseph Jakob Ringler had mastered the complex processes of production, regular manufacture of porcelain finally began to succeed. In the same year the [[rococo]] porcelain sculptor [[Franz Anton Bustelli]] came to work at the factory. In 1755 the factory received its first commission from the Bavarian court and in 1756 came the first success in painting the porcelain in colour. The skillfull management of lawyer and entrepreneur [[Sigmund von Haimhausen|Count Sigmund von Haimhausen]] ensured that by 1758 the factory was placed on a sound commercial footing. In 1761 the manufacture moved to a [[Cavalier house]], a prestigious two-storey hipped roof building with a semicircular risalit center and structured plaster on the grand circle near the main entrance of the [[Nymphenburg Palace]], where it is still located today.<ref name=manu/> |
After his accession in 1745 [[Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian III Joseph, Prince-Elector of Bavaria]], commanded the establishment of manufacturing companies in order to bail out the state finances. On 11 November 1747 the first manufactory with potters and modelling shops, painting and writing rooms was set up at the ''Grüne Schlössl'', ''Neudeck Castle'' formerly located in the area of the modern day Munich borough of [[Au-Haidhausen]]. Not until 1754 after Joseph Jakob Ringler had mastered the complex processes of production, regular manufacture of porcelain finally began to succeed. In the same year the [[rococo]] porcelain sculptor [[Franz Anton Bustelli]] came to work at the factory. In 1755 the factory received its first commission from the Bavarian court and in 1756 came the first success in painting the porcelain in colour. The skillfull management of lawyer and entrepreneur [[Sigmund von Haimhausen|Count Sigmund von Haimhausen]] ensured that by 1758 the factory was placed on a sound commercial footing. In 1761 the manufacture moved to a [[Cavalier house]], a prestigious two-storey hipped roof building with a semicircular risalit center and structured plaster on the grand circle near the main entrance of the [[Nymphenburg Palace]], where it is still located today.<ref name=manu/><ref name="Yonan2017">{{cite book|author=MichaelE. Yonan|title=The Cultural Aesthetics of Eighteenth-Century Porcelain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiwxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT230|date=5 July 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-54519-8|pages=230–}}</ref> |
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[[File:8Schlossrondell-02.jpg|thumb|270px|The cavalier house on the grand circle in front of [[Nymphenburg Palace]], production site since 1761]] |
[[File:8Schlossrondell-02.jpg|thumb|270px|The cavalier house on the grand circle in front of [[Nymphenburg Palace]], production site since 1761]] |
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| Company type | Public |
|---|---|
| Industry | Ceramics |
| Founded | Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire (1747 (1747)) |
| Founder | Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria |
| Headquarters | , |
Key people | Joseph Jakob Ringler, Franz Anton Bustelli, Sigmund von Haimhausen, Albert Bäuml |
| Products | Tableware |
| Owner | Wittelsbach Equalising Fund[1] |
| Website | Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory |
The Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory (German: Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg), is located at the Nördliche Schloßrondell in one of the Cavalier Houses in front of the Nymphenburg PalaceinMunich, Germany, and since its establishment in 1747 has produced porcelain of high quality.[2]
After his accession in 1745 Maximilian III Joseph, Prince-Elector of Bavaria, commanded the establishment of manufacturing companies in order to bail out the state finances. On 11 November 1747 the first manufactory with potters and modelling shops, painting and writing rooms was set up at the Grüne Schlössl, Neudeck Castle formerly located in the area of the modern day Munich borough of Au-Haidhausen. Not until 1754 after Joseph Jakob Ringler had mastered the complex processes of production, regular manufacture of porcelain finally began to succeed. In the same year the rococo porcelain sculptor Franz Anton Bustelli came to work at the factory. In 1755 the factory received its first commission from the Bavarian court and in 1756 came the first success in painting the porcelain in colour. The skillfull management of lawyer and entrepreneur Count Sigmund von Haimhausen ensured that by 1758 the factory was placed on a sound commercial footing. In 1761 the manufacture moved to a Cavalier house, a prestigious two-storey hipped roof building with a semicircular risalit center and structured plaster on the grand circle near the main entrance of the Nymphenburg Palace, where it is still located today.[1][3]
Among the artists who followed Bustelli were Dominik Auliczek the elder (1734–1804) and Johann Peter Melchior. A great promoter of the works was Ludwig I, who gave them many commissions. Particular favourites were dinner services with copies of famous paintings or with Bavarian landscapes in an antique style.
In 1822 Friedrich von Gärtner, the fashionable architect, was appointed artistic director of the factory. In the middle of the 19th century its financial position deteriorated to the extent that in 1856 all artistic production was halted and it was decided to privatise the factory. It was leased out for the first time in 1862 and its focus shifted to the production of technical, medical and sanitary porcelain goods.
In 1887 Albert Bäuml (1855–1929) took a lease of the factory. His aim was to regain the previous high artistic level of the factory's products: it was Bäuml, for example, who "rediscovered" Bustelli. This aim was realised at around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and besides historical copies, elegant Jugendstil ceramics were developed.
Since 1975 the factory has been leased by the Bavarian government to the Wittelsbach Compensation Fund (Wittelsbacher Ausgleichsfonds). In 2011 it was taken over by Prince Luitpold of Bavaria.
The Nymphenburg Palace also accommodates the Nymphenburg Porcelain Museum (the Bäuml Collection). Guided tours through the factory can be arranged by prior appointment. Nymphenburg Palace is known to have been the working place of artists and sculptors like Hanns Goebl and Franz Anton Bustelli.[1]
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