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{{short description|American geologist}} |
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[[File:Orville A. Derby.jpg|thumb|Orville Adalbert Derby]] |
[[File:Orville A. Derby.jpg|thumb|Orville Adalbert Derby]] |
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'''Orville Adalbert Derby''' ({{IPA-pt| |
'''Orville Adalbert Derby''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈɔʁviw ˈdɛʁbi}}; July 23, 1851 in [[Kelloggsville, New York]]<ref name=Marquis>[https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinamerica02marq/page/296/mode/2up DERBY, Orville Adelbert] in ''[[Who's Who in America]]'' (1901-1902 edition); p. 296</ref> – November 27, 1915) was an American [[geologist]] who worked in [[Brazil]]. |
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==Education== |
==Education== |
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[[Image:Orville derby.gif|left|thumb|Orville Adalbert Derby]] |
[[Image:Orville derby.gif|left|thumb|Orville Adalbert Derby]] |
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Derby studied [[geology]] at |
Derby studied [[geology]] at [[Cornell University]], obtaining his degree in 1873. While a student, he was invited in 1870 by his professor [[Charles Frederick Hartt]] (1840–1878) to follow him in study travel to Brazil (the Morgan Expedition), and returning with him in 1871, this time going to the [[Tapajós River]] in the Amazon. Just after his graduation, Derby accepted the post of assistant professor at Cornell and briefly substituted for Hartt during another travel to Brazil in 1874. In June of the same year, Derby defended his doctoral thesis on the [[carboniferous]] [[brachiopoda]] in the [[Amazon River|Amazon]]. |
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==Brazil== |
==Brazil== |
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When Hartt organized the first Geological Commission of the Empire of Brazil, Derby was nominated its assistant and returned to Brazil in December 1875. In 1877, with the end of the Commission, Derby decided to stay in Brazil and accepted a post at the [[Museu Nacional (Brazil)|National Museum of Rio de Janeiro]]. He became also a member and director of the Geographic and Geological Commission of [[São Paulo]] from 1886 to 1904. This commission later originated the Astronomical and Geophysical Institute of the [[University of São Paulo]]. Derby founded also the first Botanical Gardens in São Paulo ("Horto Botânico"). In 1906 he was nominated to the Brazilian Geographic and Geological Survey. |
When Hartt organized the first Geological Commission of the Empire of Brazil, Derby was nominatedas its assistant and returned to Brazil in December 1875. In 1877, with the end of the Commission, Derby decided to stay in Brazil and accepted a post at the [[Museu Nacional (Brazil)|National Museum of Rio de Janeiro]]. He became also a member and director of the Geographic and Geological Commission of [[São Paulo]] from 1886 to 1904. This commission later originated the Astronomical and Geophysical Institute of the [[University of São Paulo]]. Derby founded also the first Botanical Gardens in São Paulo ("Horto Botânico"). In 1906 he was nominated to the Brazilian Geographic and Geological Survey. |
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Derby worked in many domains of the geological sciences, such as [[mineralogy]], [[economic geology]], [[physical geography]], [[cartography]], [[petrography]], [[meteorology]], [[archeology]] and [[paleontology]]. |
Derby worked in many domains of the geological sciences, such as [[mineralogy]], [[economic geology]], [[physical geography]], [[cartography]], [[petrography]], [[meteorology]], [[archeology]] and [[paleontology]]. |
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==Personal life and death== |
==Personal life and death== |
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Derby never married and led a solitary existence, living mostly in hotel rooms. After the failure of an invitation by the state government of [[Bahia]], he returned to Rio de Janeiro and committed [[suicide]] in a hotel room, on November 27, 1915, a few months after gaining Brazilian citizenship.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46112595/ends-his-life-in-brazil/ |title=Ends His Life in Brazil |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |location=Rio de Janeiro |page=4 |date=1915-11-30 |access-date=2020-03-04 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> He was 64 years old. After Derby's unexpected death, staff of the survey realised that they did not have any recent picture of him. They dispatched some men to Derby's hotel room, where they cleaned him up, sat him in a chair and photographed him, holding his eyes open with matchsticks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Geoscientist/Archive/March-2016/The-11-medals-of-Arthur-Holmes#:~:text=The%20Wollaston%20Medal%20is%20the,applied'%20aspects%20of%20the%20science|title=The 11 medals of Arthur Holmes|last=Lewis|first=Cherry|access-date=27 Feb 2024}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Derby, Orville A. |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American geologist |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = July 23, 1851 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH = November 27, 1915 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Derby, Orville A.}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Derby, Orville A.}} |
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[[Category:1851 births]] |
[[Category:1851 births]] |
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[[Category:1915 suicides]] |
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[[Category:1915 deaths]] |
[[Category:1915 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Brazilian people of American descent]] |
[[Category:Brazilian people of American descent]] |
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[[Category:American geologists]] |
[[Category:American geologists]] |
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[[Category:Brazilian geologists]] |
[[Category:Brazilian geologists]] |
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[[Category:Cornell University alumni]] |
[[Category:Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni]] |
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[[Category:Scientists who committed suicide]] |
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[[Category:Suicides in Brazil]] |
[[Category:Suicides in Brazil]] |
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[[Category:American emigrants to Brazil]] |
[[Category:American emigrants to Brazil]] |
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[[Category:People from Cayuga County, New York]] |
Orville Adalbert Derby (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɔʁviw ˈdɛʁbi]; July 23, 1851 in Kelloggsville, New York[1] – November 27, 1915) was an American geologist who worked in Brazil.
Derby studied geologyatCornell University, obtaining his degree in 1873. While a student, he was invited in 1870 by his professor Charles Frederick Hartt (1840–1878) to follow him in study travel to Brazil (the Morgan Expedition), and returning with him in 1871, this time going to the Tapajós River in the Amazon. Just after his graduation, Derby accepted the post of assistant professor at Cornell and briefly substituted for Hartt during another travel to Brazil in 1874. In June of the same year, Derby defended his doctoral thesis on the carboniferous brachiopoda in the Amazon.
When Hartt organized the first Geological Commission of the Empire of Brazil, Derby was nominated as its assistant and returned to Brazil in December 1875. In 1877, with the end of the Commission, Derby decided to stay in Brazil and accepted a post at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro. He became also a member and director of the Geographic and Geological Commission of São Paulo from 1886 to 1904. This commission later originated the Astronomical and Geophysical Institute of the University of São Paulo. Derby founded also the first Botanical Gardens in São Paulo ("Horto Botânico"). In 1906 he was nominated to the Brazilian Geographic and Geological Survey.
Derby worked in many domains of the geological sciences, such as mineralogy, economic geology, physical geography, cartography, petrography, meteorology, archeology and paleontology.
He published 173 papers on the geology of Brazil from 1873 to 1915. He was also the publisher of one of the first geological maps of Brazil, in 1915.
Derby never married and led a solitary existence, living mostly in hotel rooms. After the failure of an invitation by the state government of Bahia, he returned to Rio de Janeiro and committed suicide in a hotel room, on November 27, 1915, a few months after gaining Brazilian citizenship.[2] He was 64 years old. After Derby's unexpected death, staff of the survey realised that they did not have any recent picture of him. They dispatched some men to Derby's hotel room, where they cleaned him up, sat him in a chair and photographed him, holding his eyes open with matchsticks.[3]
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