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{{Short description|Park and historic cemetery in Manila}} |
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{{Infobox cemetery |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}} |
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| name = Paco Park and Cemetery |
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{{Use Philippine English|date=December 2022}} |
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| image = Pacopark 001.jpg |
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{{Infobox park |
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| imagesize = 222px |
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| name = Paco Park |
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| photo = View from the pathway at Paco Park.JPG |
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| photo_caption = Paco Park |
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| established = 1822 |
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| map = |
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| map_width = 240 |
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| location = San Marcelino Street, Paco, Manila |
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| type = [[Urban Park]] |
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| coordinates = |
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| location = [[Paco, Manila]], Philippines |
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| coordinates_type = |
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| publictransit = {{rint|metro}} {{rint|manila|LRT-1}} {{lrt|United Nations}} <br/> {{rint|bus|1}} {{RouteBox|6|List of bus routes in Metro Manila|#0D264F|white}}{{RouteBox|17|List of bus routes in Metro Manila|#E3833F|white}} United Nations |
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| coordinates_region = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|14.58122|N|120.98889|E|region:PH|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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| coordinates_display = |
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| area = {{convert|0.411|ha|acre}} |
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| coordinates_format = |
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| created = 1966 |
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| operator = National Parks Development Committee |
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| longitude = 120.988889 |
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| size = 4,114.80 square meter |
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| graves = |
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The '''Paco Park''' (originally named as '''Cementerio General de Dilao''') is a recreational garden and was once Manila's municipal cemetery built by the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] during the [[Spanish Colonial Era (Philippines)|Spanish colonial period]]. It is located on General Luna Street and at the east end of [[Padre Faura Street]] in [[Paco, Manila|Paco]], [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]. |
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[[File:Paco Park.jpg|thumb|Central area of Paco Park, with St. Pancratius Chapel.]] |
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'''Paco Park''' is a 4,114.80 square meter recreational garden area and was once [[Manila]]’s municipal cemetery during the Spanish colonial period. It is located along General Luna St. and at the east end of [[Padre Faura]] Street in [[Paco, Manila|Paco]] district in the [[City of Manila]], the [[Philippines]]. |
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Paco Park has also become a popular venue for TV and film shootings, weddings, pre-nuptial shoots, private gatherings and cultural programs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-10 |title=Laden with layers of history, Paco Park turns 200 |url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/402848/laden-with-layers-of-history-paco-park-turns-200/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Lifestyle.INQ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paco Park |url=https://npdc.gov.ph/paco-park/ |website=National Parks and Development Committee}}</ref> One of its exposures in a movie was in [[Starting Over Again (2014 film)]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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===Spanish period=== |
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[[File:Paco Park Gomburza.JPG|thumb|Burial site of Filipino priests [[Jose Burgos]], [[Mario Gomez]] and [[Jacinto Zamora]], who were executed by the Spanish authorities in 1872 for their alleged role in the [[1872 Cavite mutiny]].]] |
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[[File:Cementerio General de Dilao 1870's.jpg|thumb|Cementerio General de Dilao, 1870's]] |
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[[File:IJVPacoCemetery1.jpg|thumb|Cemetery [[National Historical Commission of the Philippines|HRMC]] historical marker]] |
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[[File:PacoParkjf0872 09.JPG|thumb|alt=Bust of Jose Rizal inside Paco Cemetery|Bust of Jose Rizal inside Paco Cemetery]] |
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According to an on-site inscription, an order for the construction of a cemetery in [[Rizal Park|Bagumbayan]] was issued in 1807, due to the outbreak of a cholera epidemic in Manila. Maestro de Obras Don Nicolas Ruiz developed a plan for the Paco Cemetery, while Don Jose Coll served as supervisor of the construction work. The cemetery was primarily designed as a municipal cemetery for the affluent and established aristocratic Spanish families who resided in the old Manila, or the city within the walls of [[Intramuros]] during the Spanish colonial era. It was on April 22, 1822, when the cemetery was officially inaugurated, although it had been in use for two years prior to its completion. |
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In 1859, Governor [[Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero]] proposed the extension of the cemetery to approximately 4,500 square yards, enclosing the original plan with another circular outer wall. For the amount of Php 19,700, a Chinese builder won the bid to build the outer portion of the cemetery. At that time, the niches cost Php 20 for three years, which was subject to renewals as no one was granted privilege to own the niches in perpetuity. |
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=== Spanish period === |
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[[File:Paco Park Rizal.JPG|thumb|Original burial site of Filipino nationalist [[Jose Rizal]]. His remains were later moved to the [[Rizal Monument]].]] |
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Paco Park was originally planned as a [[municipal]] [[cemetery]] for the well-off and established aristocratic Spanish families who resided in the old Manila, or the city within the walls of [[Intramuros]] during the [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] colonial era. Most of the wealthy families interred the remains of their loved ones inside the municipal cemetery in what was once the district of Dilao (former name for Paco). The cemetery was built in the late 18th century but was completed several decades later and in 1822, the cemetery was used to intern victims of a cholera epidemic that swept across the city. |
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On December 30, 1896, Philippine national hero Dr. [[José Rizal]] was interred at Paco Park after his execution at Bagumbayan. |
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The cemetery is circular in shape, with an inner circular fort that was the original cemetery and with the niches that were placed or located within the hollow walls. As the population continued to grow, a second outer wall was built with the thick adobe walls were hollowed as niches and the top of the walls were made into pathways for promenades. A Roman Catholic chapel was built inside the walls of the Paco Park and it was dedicated to [[St. Pancratius]]. |
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Interment at the Paco Cemetery ceased in 1912. It had been the burial ground for several generations and descendants of those buried in the park had the remains of their ancestors exhumed and transferred to other cemeteries in Manila. However, 65 people still remain buried at Paco. |
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On December 30, 1898, Philippine national hero [[José Rizal|Dr. José P. Rizal]] was interred at Paco Park after his execution at Bagumbayan. |
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===American and Japanese period=== |
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Interment at the Paco Park ceased in 1912. It had been the burial ground for several generations and descendants of those who were buried in the park had the remains of their ancestors transferred. |
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During the [[Second World War]], Japanese forces used Paco Park as a central supply and ammunition depot. The high thick adobe walls around the park were ideal for defensive positions of the Japanese. Prior to the [[liberation of Manila]] in 1945, the Japanese dug several trenches and pill boxes around and within the Park with three 75 millimeter guns to defend their fortification against the charging 1st Battalion of the 148th Infantry Regiment of the [[United States Army]] and [[Philippine Commonwealth Army]]. |
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===Post-war and modern period=== |
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[[File:Paco Park Entrance.JPG|thumb|Paco Park entrance marker]] |
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During the [[Second World War]], Japanese forces used Paco Park as a central supply and ammunition depot. The high thick adobe walls around the park were ideal for defensive positions of the Japanese. The Japanese just before the liberation of Manila in 1945, dug several trenches and pill boxes around and within the Park with three 75 millimeter guns to defend their fortification against the charging 148th Infantry Regiment of the 1st Battalion of the [[United States Army]] and Philippine Commonwealth Army. |
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The park was converted into a National Park in 1966 during the term of President [[Diosdado Macapagal]]. Paco Park's grandeur was slowly restored after the war and since then has remained as a public park and promenade for the community. |
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Paco Park and its care was placed under the responsibility of the National Park's Development Committee (NPDC) during the regime of President [[Ferdinand E. Marcos]]. During the Marcos period, through the efforts of First Lady [[Imelda Marcos|Imelda R. Marcos]], culture was given emphasis and priority in the country and Paco Park was one of the few venues chosen to host events related to culture. On February 29, 1980, then Press and Cultural Attache of the Embassy of the Federal Republic of [[Germany]] in the Philippines, Dr. Christoph Jessen with then NPDC Vice-Chairperson Teodoro Valencia started a classical concert at the park as part of the celebrations for the “Philippine-German Month.” The program became a tradition, a weekly fare held every Friday afternoons called the ''“Paco Park Presents.”'' |
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=== Post-war and Present day === |
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The park was converted into a National Park in 1966 during the term of President [[Diosdado Macapagal]]. Paco Park’s grandeur was slowly restored after the war and since then has remained as a public park and promenade for many teenage sweethearts who could spend quiet moments along the park’s benches and private alcoves. |
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The event featured and highlighted the exchange of Filipino and German musical artists who performed at Paco Park and it served as a means to strengthen the bond between Germany and the Philippines. In 1998, the celebration of Philippine-German month was moved from February to March, with the concert starting at 7:00 pm. However, Paco Park Presents continues to celebrate its anniversary every February. In addition, "Paco Park Presents" features the finest musical artists and chorales, local and guests performers for an evening of classical and traditional Filipino music every Friday by sunset but it was used to aired on the [[People's Television Network]] (PTV). |
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Paco Park and its care was placed under the responsibility of the National Park’s Development Committee (NPDC) during the regime of President [[Ferdinand E. Marcos]].During the Marcos period, through the efforts of former First Lady [[Imelda Marcos|Imelda R. Marcos]], culture was given emphasis and priority in the country and Paco Park was one of the few venues chosen to host events related to culture. On February 29, 1980, then Press and Cultural Attache of the Embassy of the Federal Republic of [[Germany]] in the Philippines, Dr. Christoph Jessen with then NPDC Vice-Chairperson [[Teodoro Valencia]] started a classical concert within Paco Park as part of the celebrations for the “Philippine-German Month,” and the program became a tradition, a weekly fare held every Friday afternoons called the ''“Paco Park Presents.”'' |
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Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila|COVID-19 pandemic]], Paco Park was temporarily closed to the public.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rizal Park, Intramuros sites temporarily closed amid COVID-19 spread |language=en-US |work=Manila Bulletin|url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2020/03/13/rizal-park-intramuros-sites-temporarily-closed-amid-covid-19-spread |access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> |
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This event featured and highlighted the exchange of Filipino and German musical artists who performed at Paco Park and it served as a means to strengthen the bond between Germany and the Philippines.In 1998, the celebration of Philippine-German month was moved from February to March, with the concert starting at 7:00 P.M. But Paco Park Presents continues to celebrate its anniversary every February.The park is open Monday to Sunday (except on Wednesday) from 8:00AM to 5:00PM and every Friday by sunset, "Paco Park Presents" features the finest musical artists and chorales, local and guests performers for an evening of classical and traditional Filipino music aired on the [[National Broadcasting Network]]. Paco Park has become a very popular venue for weddings and receptions for couples who prefer garden-like settings. The Chapel of St. Pancratius is under the care of the Vincentian fathers who also manage the nearby [[Adamson University]]. |
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==Architecture and design== |
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==Gallery== |
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[[File:St. Pancratius Chapel, Paco Cemetery.JPG|thumb|St. Pancratius Chapel at the rear of the park]] |
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<gallery> |
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Paco Park is circular in shape, with an inner circular fort that stood as the original cemetery. Its walls were made hollow to serve as niches, and as the population continued to grow, a second outer wall was built with thick adobe walls. The top of the walls were then made into pathways for promenades. A small, domed Roman Catholic chapel was also built inside the walls of the park and was dedicated to [[St. Pancratius]]. |
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File:001-pacopark.jpg|Arch at the entrance to Paco Park |
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File:001-pacoparkpancratius.jpg|Chapel of St. Pancratius inside Paco Park |
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[[Ildefonso P. Santos, Jr.]], a noted landscape architect who was given recognition as a Philippine National Artist, was involved in the designing of Paco Park.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/press-releases/press-release.php?i=175|title = National Artist Ildefonso P. Santos Passes Away|date = January 29, 2014|access-date = May 4, 2014}}</ref> |
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</gallery> |
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[[File:Spanish Era Cemetery.JPG|thumb|Paco Park]] |
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===St. Pancratius Chapel=== |
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[[File:Spanish Era Cemetery.JPG|thumb|Paco Park]] |
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Inside the Paco Cemetery is a chapel dedicated to [[St. Pancratius]], a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] citizen who converted to [[Christianity]], and was [[decapitation|beheaded]] for his faith at the age of just 14 around the year 304. His name is [[Greek language|Greek]] and literally means "the one that holds everything." |
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The chapel is under the care of the San Vicente de Paul Parish and the Vincentian fathers who also manage the nearby [[Adamson University]]. |
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==Notable interments== |
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[[File:Jose Rizal's first grave in Paco Park, Manila edit.jpg|thumb|Temporary burial site of José Rizal at Paco Park in [[Manila]]. Slightly renovated and date repainted in English.]] |
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* [[José Rizal|Dr. José Protasio Rizal]], Philippine National Hero, was secretly interred at Paco Park after his execution at Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896, and was guarded for fifteen days by the ''Guardia Civil Veterana''. His remains were exhumed on August 17, 1898, and on December 30, 1912, was laid underneath the monument dedicated to him at [[Rizal Park|Luneta]] as stated in the Park's marker. |
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* Ramon Maria Llanderal Solano, Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines (1857–1860). |
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* [[Gomburza|GomBurZa friars]] ''([[Mariano Gomez (priest)|Fr. Mariano Gomez]], [[Jose Burgos|Fr. Jose Burgos]], and '[[Jacinto Zamora|Fr. Jacinto Zamora]])''<nowiki/>, a trio of diocesan clergymen (secular priest), were buried in the cemetery grounds after their execution on February 17, 1872, after being falsely accused of being linked to the Cavite Mutiny. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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*"By Sword and Fire: The Destruction of Manila in World War II, 3 February-3 March 1945" by Alphonso J. Aluit (1994) Bookmark, Inc. © 1994 National Commission for Culture and the Arts ISBN 971-569-162-5 |
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== |
===Bibliography=== |
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* ''By Sword and Fire: The Destruction of Manila in World War II, February 3–March 3, 1945'' by Alphonso J. Aluit (1994) Bookmark, Inc. National Commission for Culture and the Arts {{ISBN|9715691625}} |
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{{Commons category}} |
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==External links== |
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{{commons category}} |
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* [http://www.lakwatsero.com/spots/paco-park-and-cemetery/ Paco Park and Cemetery] |
* [http://www.lakwatsero.com/spots/paco-park-and-cemetery/ Paco Park and Cemetery] |
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* [http://www.nationalparks.ph National Parks Development Committee] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140721223516/http://www.nationalparks.ph/ National Parks Development Committee] |
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{{Parks and plazas in Manila}} |
{{Parks and plazas in Manila}} |
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{{Manila cemeteries}} |
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{{Manila landmarks}} |
{{Manila landmarks}} |
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{{coord|14|34|53|N|120|59|20|E|type:landmark|display=title}} |
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[[Category:Parks in |
[[Category:Parks in Manila]] |
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[[Category:Cemeteries in |
[[Category:Cemeteries in Metro Manila]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in Paco, Manila]] |
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[[Category:Landmarks in the Philippines]] |
[[Category:Landmarks in the Philippines]] |
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[[Category:Marked Historical Structures of the Philippines]] |
[[Category:Marked Historical Structures of the Philippines]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Cultural Properties of the Philippinesin Metro Manila]] |
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[[Category:Tourist attractions in Manila]] |
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[[Category:Works of National Artists of the Philippines]] |
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[[Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in the Philippines]] |
Paco Park | |
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Type | Urban Park |
Location | Paco, Manila, Philippines |
Coordinates | 14°34′52″N 120°59′20″E / 14.58122°N 120.98889°E / 14.58122; 120.98889 |
Area | 0.411 hectares (1.02 acres) |
Created | 1966 |
Operated by | National Parks Development Committee |
Public transit access | United Nations 6 17 United Nations |
The Paco Park (originally named as Cementerio General de Dilao) is a recreational garden and was once Manila's municipal cemetery built by the Dominicans during the Spanish colonial period. It is located on General Luna Street and at the east end of Padre Faura StreetinPaco, Manila, Philippines.
Paco Park has also become a popular venue for TV and film shootings, weddings, pre-nuptial shoots, private gatherings and cultural programs.[1][2] One of its exposures in a movie was in Starting Over Again (2014 film).
According to an on-site inscription, an order for the construction of a cemetery in Bagumbayan was issued in 1807, due to the outbreak of a cholera epidemic in Manila. Maestro de Obras Don Nicolas Ruiz developed a plan for the Paco Cemetery, while Don Jose Coll served as supervisor of the construction work. The cemetery was primarily designed as a municipal cemetery for the affluent and established aristocratic Spanish families who resided in the old Manila, or the city within the walls of Intramuros during the Spanish colonial era. It was on April 22, 1822, when the cemetery was officially inaugurated, although it had been in use for two years prior to its completion.
In 1859, Governor Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero proposed the extension of the cemetery to approximately 4,500 square yards, enclosing the original plan with another circular outer wall. For the amount of Php 19,700, a Chinese builder won the bid to build the outer portion of the cemetery. At that time, the niches cost Php 20 for three years, which was subject to renewals as no one was granted privilege to own the niches in perpetuity.
On December 30, 1896, Philippine national hero Dr. José Rizal was interred at Paco Park after his execution at Bagumbayan.
Interment at the Paco Cemetery ceased in 1912. It had been the burial ground for several generations and descendants of those buried in the park had the remains of their ancestors exhumed and transferred to other cemeteries in Manila. However, 65 people still remain buried at Paco.
During the Second World War, Japanese forces used Paco Park as a central supply and ammunition depot. The high thick adobe walls around the park were ideal for defensive positions of the Japanese. Prior to the liberation of Manila in 1945, the Japanese dug several trenches and pill boxes around and within the Park with three 75 millimeter guns to defend their fortification against the charging 1st Battalion of the 148th Infantry Regiment of the United States Army and Philippine Commonwealth Army.
The park was converted into a National Park in 1966 during the term of President Diosdado Macapagal. Paco Park's grandeur was slowly restored after the war and since then has remained as a public park and promenade for the community.
Paco Park and its care was placed under the responsibility of the National Park's Development Committee (NPDC) during the regime of President Ferdinand E. Marcos. During the Marcos period, through the efforts of First Lady Imelda R. Marcos, culture was given emphasis and priority in the country and Paco Park was one of the few venues chosen to host events related to culture. On February 29, 1980, then Press and Cultural Attache of the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in the Philippines, Dr. Christoph Jessen with then NPDC Vice-Chairperson Teodoro Valencia started a classical concert at the park as part of the celebrations for the “Philippine-German Month.” The program became a tradition, a weekly fare held every Friday afternoons called the “Paco Park Presents.”
The event featured and highlighted the exchange of Filipino and German musical artists who performed at Paco Park and it served as a means to strengthen the bond between Germany and the Philippines. In 1998, the celebration of Philippine-German month was moved from February to March, with the concert starting at 7:00 pm. However, Paco Park Presents continues to celebrate its anniversary every February. In addition, "Paco Park Presents" features the finest musical artists and chorales, local and guests performers for an evening of classical and traditional Filipino music every Friday by sunset but it was used to aired on the People's Television Network (PTV).
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Paco Park was temporarily closed to the public.[3]
Paco Park is circular in shape, with an inner circular fort that stood as the original cemetery. Its walls were made hollow to serve as niches, and as the population continued to grow, a second outer wall was built with thick adobe walls. The top of the walls were then made into pathways for promenades. A small, domed Roman Catholic chapel was also built inside the walls of the park and was dedicated to St. Pancratius.
Ildefonso P. Santos, Jr., a noted landscape architect who was given recognition as a Philippine National Artist, was involved in the designing of Paco Park.[4]
Inside the Paco Cemetery is a chapel dedicated to St. Pancratius, a Roman citizen who converted to Christianity, and was beheaded for his faith at the age of just 14 around the year 304. His name is Greek and literally means "the one that holds everything."
The chapel is under the care of the San Vicente de Paul Parish and the Vincentian fathers who also manage the nearby Adamson University.
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