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The [[American Spinal Injury Association]] classifies spinal cord injury severity. ASIA A being the complete loss of sensory function and motor skills below the injury. ASIA B is having some sensory function below the injury, but no motor function. ASIA C some motor function below level of injury, but half the muscles cannot move against gravity. ASIA D, more than half of the muscles below the level of injury can move against gravity. ASIA E which is the restoration of all neurologic function.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110618124126/http://www.asia-spinalinjury.org/publications/59544_sc_Exam_Sheet_r4.pdf "Standard Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury"] (PDF). American Spinal Injury Association & ISCOS. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011</ref> |
The [[American Spinal Injury Association]] classifies spinal cord injury severity. ASIA A being the complete loss of sensory function and motor skills below the injury. ASIA B is having some sensory function below the injury, but no motor function. ASIA C some motor function below level of injury, but half the muscles cannot move against gravity. ASIA D, more than half of the muscles below the level of injury can move against gravity. ASIA E which is the restoration of all neurologic function.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110618124126/http://www.asia-spinalinjury.org/publications/59544_sc_Exam_Sheet_r4.pdf "Standard Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury"] (PDF). American Spinal Injury Association & ISCOS. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011</ref> |
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==Treatment== |
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THERE IS NO TREATMENT FOR ANY KIND OF PARAPLEGIA - !!! GIRLS - PLEASE STAY PARAPLEGIC GIRLS - YOU ARE VERY SEXY - CUTE AND ADORABLE AS PARAPLEGIC GIRLS WITH PARALYZED LEGS AND FEET - ALL PARAPLEGIA IS PERMANENT , ONCE YOU DAMAGE YOUR LOWER SPINAL COLUMN IN ANY WAY IT CANNOT BE FIXED OR REPAIRED IN ANY WAY , YOU CAN NEVER RESTORE OR OBTAIN FEELING OR MOVEMENT FROM YOUR WAIST DOWN , ALL PARAPLEGIC GIRLS SHOULD BE ABLE TO GROW UP 1ST FIRST AND AS A ADULT MAKE A ADULT DECISION AS TO WHAT PHYSICAL THERAPY THEY WANT TO GO THROUGH , NOT AS A CHILD , BUT AS A MATURE GROWN UP ADULT OF ABOUT AGE-30 YEARS OLD AND OVER !!!!!--PARAPLEGIC GIRLS WITH PARALYZED LEGS - PARALYZED LEGS MAKES GIRLS VERY SEXY, Paraplegic girls , Please stay paraplegic ,it is not wrong to be paralyzed from your waist down , YOU should not feel ashamed to have paralyzed legs , , except and embrace your gift of paralyzed legs , you can WEAR full leg braces and use crutches and and use wheelchairs , - *at night special note--- wear your full leg braces in bed all night so you can get up and go to the bathroom , , and it makes it easier for you to get up , and it protects your paralyzed leg muscles and joints if you wear your full leg braces to bed while you sleep**, if you have full leg braces on your paralyzed legs you can stand up and use your crutches to get around your home , long distances you can use your wheelchair ,girls guys like paralyzed legs on girls , paraplegic girls is very very sexy, * girls get some full leg braces and wear them all the time,* use crutches and use wheelchairs,people please make full leg braces available to everyone to be able to buy and obtain in every city , and state,right now you cannot find any full leg braces in your city or town easily , they are very hard to get unless you have lots of money for them to be specially made, this is very wrong , and it is wrong to force your little girls with paralyzed legs to walk if they do not want to,physical therapy is very painful on little girls, you should wait until the girls grow up as adults they can make the decision to go through physical therapy to learn to walk as a adult, having paralyzed legs is not wrong or bad , let your little girls grow up first , they do not need to be able to walk to succeed and do things in life , and to get around, they can wear full leg braces on their paralyzed legs or their legs , and use crutches and wheelchairs ,this is sufficient for the girls to use,please do not shame the girls into walking ,let them make that decision to walk their own decision when they grow up as adults , if they want to on their own of their own decision not under compulsion,......... BoldItalic Signature and timestampLinkEmbedded fileReference AdvancedSpecial charactersHelpCite PARAPLEGIC GIRLS WITH PARALYZED LEGS - PARALYZED LEGS MAKES GIRLS VERY SEXY, Paraplegic girls , Please stay paraplegic ,it is not wrong to be paralyzed from your waist down , YOU should not feel ashamed to have paralyzed legs , , except and embrace your gift of paralyzed legs , you can WEAR full leg braces and use crutches and and use wheelchairs , - *at night special note--- wear your full leg braces in bed all night so you can get up and go to the bathroom , , and it makes it easier for you to get up , and it protects your paralyzed leg muscles and joints if you wear your full leg braces to bed while you sleep**, if you have full leg braces on your paralyzed legs you can stand up and use your crutches to get around your home , long distances you can use your wheelchair ,girls guys like paralyzed legs on girls , paraplegic girls is very very sexy, * girls get some full leg braces and wear them all the time,* use crutches and use wheelchairs,people please make full leg braces available to everyone to be able to buy and obtain in every city , and state,right now you cannot find any full leg braces in your city or town easily , they are very hard to get unless you have lots of money for them to be specially made, this is very wrong , and it is wrong to force your little girls with paralyzed legs to walk if they do not want to,physical therapy is very painful on little girls, you should wait until the girls grow up as adults they can make the decision to go through physical therapy to learn to walk as a adult, having paralyzed legs is not wrong or bad , let your little girls grow up first , they do not need to be able to walk to succeed and do things in life , and to get around, they can wear full leg braces on their paralyzed legs or their legs , and use crutches and wheelchairs ,this is sufficient for the girls to use,please do not shame the girls into walking ,let them make that decision to walk their own decision when they grow up as adults , if they want to on their own of their own decision not under compulsion,......... |
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Individuals with paraplegia can range in their level of [[disability]], requiring treatments to vary from case to case. From a rehabilitation standpoint, the most important factor is to gain as much functionality and independence back as possible. Physiotherapists spend many hours within a rehabilitation setting working on strength, range of motion/stretching and transfer skills.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Taylor-Schroeder S, LaBarbera J, McDowell S, etal |title=The SCIRehab project: treatment time spent in SCI rehabilitation. Physical therapy treatment time during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation |journal=J Spinal Cord Med |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=149–61 |year=2011 |pmid=21675354 |pmc=3066500 |url=http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/nlm?genre=article&issn=1079-0268&volume=34&issue=2&spage=149&aulast=Taylor-Schroeder |doi=10.1179/107902611x12971826988057}}</ref> Wheelchair mobility is also an important skill to learn. Most paraplegics will be dependent on a wheelchair as a mode of transportation. Thus it is extremely important to teach them the basic skills to gain their independence.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ozelie R, Sipple C, Foy T, etal |title=SCIRehab Project series: the occupational therapy taxonomy |journal=J Spinal Cord Med |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=283–97 |year=2009 |pmid=19810630 |pmc=2718817 }}</ref> [[Activities of daily living]] (ADLs) can be quite challenging at first for those with a [[spinal cord injury]] (SCI). With the aid of physiotherapists and occupational therapists, individuals with an SCI can learn new skills and adapt previous ones to maximize independence, often living independently within the community.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Tzonichaki I, Kleftaras G |title=Paraplegia from spinal cord injury: self-esteem, loneliness, and life satisfaction |journal=OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=96–103 |year=2002 |url=http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2002-17664-001}}</ref> |
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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. |
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References |
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===Regeneration of the spinal cord=== |
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Taylor-Schroeder S, LaBarbera J, McDowell S, et al. (2011). "The SCIRehab project: treatment time spent in SCI rehabilitation. Physical therapy treatment time during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation". J Spinal Cord Med 34 (2): 149–61. PMC 3066500. PMID 21675354. |
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{{See also|Spinal_cord_injury#Research_directions}} |
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Ozelie R, Sipple C, Foy T, et al. (2009). "SCIRehab Project series: the occupational therapy taxonomy". J Spinal Cord Med 32 (3): 283–97. PMC 2718817. PMID 19810630. |
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Olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) have been transplanted with success into the spinal cord of Polish man named [[Darek Fidyka]], who was the victim of a knife attack that left him paraplegic in 2010.<ref name=SpinalReg2014-10-21-2/> In 2014, Fidyka underwent pioneering spinal surgery that used nerve grafts, from his ankle, to 'bridge the gap' in his severed spinal cord and OEC's to stimulate the spinal cord cells. The surgery was performed in Poland in collaboration with Prof Geoff Raisman, chair of neural regeneration at University College London's Institute of Neurology, and his research team. The olfactory cells were taken from the patient's olfactory bulbs in his brain and then grown in the lab, these cells were then injected above and below the impaired spinal tissue.<ref name=SpinalReg2014-10-21/> Fidyka regained sensory and motor function in his lower limbs, notably on the side of the transplanted OEC's. Fidyka first noticed the success three months after the procedure, when his left thigh started gaining muscle mass. MRIs suggest that the gap in his spinal cord has been closed up. He is believed to be the first person in the world to recover sensory function from a complete severing of the spinal nerves.<ref name=SpinalReg2014-10-21-2>{{cite web | last = Walsh | first = Fergus| title = Paralysed man walks again after cell transplant| publisher = bbc.co.uk | date = 21 October 2014 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29645760| accessdate = 26 October 2014 | archiveurl = | archivedate = }}</ref><ref name=SpinalReg2014-10-21>{{cite web | last = Quinn | first = Ben | title = Paralysed man Darek Fidyka walks again after pioneering surgery | quote = The 38-year-old, who is believed to be the first person in the world to recover from complete severing of the spinal nerves, can now walk with a frame and has been able to resume an independent life, even to the extent of driving a car, while sensation has returned to his lower limbs. | publisher = theguardian.com | date = 21 October 2014 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/21/paralysed-darek-fidyka-pioneering-surgery| accessdate = 26 October 2014 | archiveurl = | archivedate = }}</ref> |
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Tzonichaki I, Kleftaras G (2002). "Paraplegia from spinal cord injury: self-esteem, loneliness, and life satisfaction". OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 22 (3): 96–103. |
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Look up paraplegia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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| Paraplegia | |
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| Pronunciation |
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| Specialty | Neurology  |
Paraplegia is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. The word comes from Ionic Greek παραπληγίη "half-striking". It is usually caused by spinal cord injury or a congenital condition that affects the neural (brain) elements of the spinal canal. The area of the spinal canal that is affected in paraplegia is either the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions. Common victims of this impairment are veterans or members of the armed forces. If four limbs are affected by paralysis, tetraplegia or quadriplegia is the correct term. If only one limb is affected, the correct term is monoplegia.
Spastic paraplegia is a form of paraplegia defined by spasticity of the affected muscles, rather than flaccid paralysis.
The American Spinal Injury Association classifies spinal cord injury severity. ASIA A being the complete loss of sensory function and motor skills below the injury. ASIA B is having some sensory function below the injury, but no motor function. ASIA C some motor function below level of injury, but half the muscles cannot move against gravity. ASIA D, more than half of the muscles below the level of injury can move against gravity. ASIA E which is the restoration of all neurologic function.[1]
Individuals with paraplegia can range in their level of disability, requiring treatments to vary from case to case. From a rehabilitation standpoint, the most important factor is to gain as much functionality and independence back as possible. Physiotherapists spend many hours within a rehabilitation setting working on strength, range of motion/stretching and transfer skills.[2] Wheelchair mobility is also an important skill to learn. Most paraplegics will be dependent on a wheelchair as a mode of transportation. Thus it is extremely important to teach them the basic skills to gain their independence.[3] Activities of daily living (ADLs) can be quite challenging at first for those with a spinal cord injury (SCI). With the aid of physiotherapists and occupational therapists, individuals with an SCI can learn new skills and adapt previous ones to maximize independence, often living independently within the community.[4]
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) have been transplanted with success into the spinal cord of Polish man named Darek Fidyka, who was the victim of a knife attack that left him paraplegic in 2010.[5] In 2014, Fidyka underwent pioneering spinal surgery that used nerve grafts, from his ankle, to 'bridge the gap' in his severed spinal cord and OEC's to stimulate the spinal cord cells. The surgery was performed in Poland in collaboration with Prof Geoff Raisman, chair of neural regeneration at University College London's Institute of Neurology, and his research team. The olfactory cells were taken from the patient's olfactory bulbs in his brain and then grown in the lab, these cells were then injected above and below the impaired spinal tissue.[6] Fidyka regained sensory and motor function in his lower limbs, notably on the side of the transplanted OEC's. Fidyka first noticed the success three months after the procedure, when his left thigh started gaining muscle mass. MRIs suggest that the gap in his spinal cord has been closed up. He is believed to be the first person in the world to recover sensory function from a complete severing of the spinal nerves.[5][6]
The 38-year-old, who is believed to be the first person in the world to recover from complete severing of the spinal nerves, can now walk with a frame and has been able to resume an independent life, even to the extent of driving a car, while sensation has returned to his lower limbs.
Template:Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes
