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The [[American Spinal Injury Association]] classifies spinal cord injury severity. ASIA A being the complete loss of sensory function and motor skills below the injury. ASIA B is having some sensory function below the injury, but no motor function. ASIA C some motor function below level of injury, but half the muscles cannot move against gravity. ASIA D, more than half of the muscles below the level of injury can move against gravity. ASIA E which is the restoration of all neurologic function.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110618124126/http://www.asia-spinalinjury.org/publications/59544_sc_Exam_Sheet_r4.pdf "Standard Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury"] (PDF). American Spinal Injury Association & ISCOS. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011</ref> |
The [[American Spinal Injury Association]] classifies spinal cord injury severity. ASIA A being the complete loss of sensory function and motor skills below the injury. ASIA B is having some sensory function below the injury, but no motor function. ASIA C some motor function below level of injury, but half the muscles cannot move against gravity. ASIA D, more than half of the muscles below the level of injury can move against gravity. ASIA E which is the restoration of all neurologic function.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110618124126/http://www.asia-spinalinjury.org/publications/59544_sc_Exam_Sheet_r4.pdf "Standard Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury"] (PDF). American Spinal Injury Association & ISCOS. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011</ref> |
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THERE IS NO TREATMENT FOR PARAPLEGIA . PARAPLEGIA IS PERMANENT AND CANNOT BE REVERSED. ALL DAMAGE TO THE LOWER SPINAL COLUMN IS PERMANENT, AND CANNOT BE FIXED OR REPAIRED. ALL PARAPLEGIC GIRLS WITH PARALYZED LEGS YOU MUST EXCEPT YOUR PARALYSIS - YOUR NEW NORMAL AND MOVE ON AND ADAPT AND ADJUST.. YOU WILL NEVER GET FEELING AND MOVEMENT IN YOUR PARALYZED LEGS AND FEET, SO YOU WILL HAVE TO WEAR FULL LEG BRACES AND USE CRUTCHES AND USE A WHEELCHAIR FOR THE REST OF YOUR LIFE . PARAPLEGIC GIRLS , YOU ARE MORE SEXY WITH PARALYZED LEGS , THAT IS WHAT COMPLETES YOU.ALL PARAPLEGIC GIRLS SHOULD BE ABLE TO GROW-UP AND AS ADULTS MAKE THE DECISION TO GO THROUGH PHYSICAL THERAPY ON THEIR PARALYZED LEGS AS ADULTS AGE BETWEEN 30 YEARS OLD TO- 40 YEARS OLD AS ADULTS .PARAPLEGIC GIRLS YOUR PARALYZED LEGS IS PARALYZED FROM YOUR WAIST DOWN - NO FEELING- NO MOVEMENT - NO PAIN - YOU CAN STILL DO EVERYTHING , EXCEPT WALK, USE YOUR PARALYZED LEGS, THAT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR A HAPPY LIFE. EXCEPT YOUR PARALYSIS , EXCEPT THAT YOUR LEGS ARE PARALYZED AND THAT NOTHING CAN BE DONE TO GET THEM TO WORK, MOVE ON AND ADAPT AND ADJUST !!! |
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==Treatment== |
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Individuals with paraplegia can range in their level of [[disability]], requiring treatments to vary from case to case. Rehabilitation aims to help the patient regain as much functionality and independence as possible. Physiotherapy may help to improve strength, range of motion, stretching and transfer skills.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Taylor-Schroeder S, LaBarbera J, McDowell S, etal |title=The SCIRehab project: treatment time spent in SCI rehabilitation. Physical therapy treatment time during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation |journal=J Spinal Cord Med |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=149–61 |year=2011 |pmid=21675354 |pmc=3066500 |url=http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/nlm?genre=article&issn=1079-0268&volume=34&issue=2&spage=149&aulast=Taylor-Schroeder |doi=10.1179/107902611x12971826988057}}</ref> Most paraplegics will be dependent on a wheelchair as a mode of transportation.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ozelie R, Sipple C, Foy T, etal |title=SCIRehab Project series: the occupational therapy taxonomy |journal=J Spinal Cord Med |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=283–97 |year=2009 |pmid=19810630 |pmc=2718817 |doi=10.1080/10790268.2009.11760782}}</ref> [[Activities of daily living]] (ADLs) can be quite challenging at first for those with a [[spinal cord injury]] (SCI). With the aid of physiotherapists and occupational therapists, individuals with an SCI can learn new skills and adapt previous ones to maximize independence, often living independently within the community.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Tzonichaki I, Kleftaras G |title=Paraplegia from spinal cord injury: self-esteem, loneliness, and life satisfaction |journal=OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=96–103 |year=2002 |url=http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2002-17664-001 |doi=10.1177/153944920202200302}}</ref> |
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===Regeneration of the spinal cord=== |
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{{See also|Spinal cord injury#Research directions}} |
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[[Olfactory ensheathing cells]] (OEC) have been transplanted with success into the spinal cord of Polish man named [[Darek Fidyka]], who was the victim of a knife attack that left him paraplegic in 2010.<ref name=SpinalReg2014-10-21-2/> In 2014, Fidyka underwent pioneering spinal surgery that used nerve grafts, from his ankle, to 'bridge the gap' in his severed spinal cord and OEC's to stimulate the spinal cord cells. The surgery was performed in Poland in collaboration with Prof Geoff Raisman, chair of neural regeneration at University College London's Institute of Neurology, and his research team. The olfactory cells were taken from the patient's olfactory bulbs in his brain and then grown in the lab, these cells were then injected above and below the impaired spinal tissue.<ref name=SpinalReg2014-10-21/> Fidyka regained sensory and motor function in his lower limbs, notably on the side of the transplanted OEC's. Fidyka first noticed the success three months after the procedure, when his left thigh started gaining muscle mass. MRIs suggest that the gap in his spinal cord has been closed up. He is believed to be the first person in the world to recover sensory function from a complete severing of the spinal nerves.<ref name=SpinalReg2014-10-21-2>{{cite web | last = Walsh | first = Fergus| title = Paralysed man walks again after cell transplant| publisher = bbc.co.uk | date = 21 October 2014 | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29645760| accessdate = 26 October 2014 | archiveurl = | archivedate = }}</ref><ref name=SpinalReg2014-10-21>{{cite web | last = Quinn | first = Ben | title = Paralysed man Darek Fidyka walks again after pioneering surgery | quote = The 38-year-old, who is believed to be the first person in the world to recover from complete severing of the spinal nerves, can now walk with a frame and has been able to resume an independent life, even to the extent of driving a car, while sensation has returned to his lower limbs. | publisher = theguardian.com | date = 21 October 2014 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/21/paralysed-darek-fidyka-pioneering-surgery| accessdate = 26 October 2014 | archiveurl = | archivedate = }}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Paraplegia | |
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Pronunciation |
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Specialty | Physical medicine and rehabilitation |
Paraplegia is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. The word comes from Ionic Greek (παραπληγίη) "half-stricken". It is usually caused by spinal cord injury or a congenital condition that affects the neural (brain) elements of the spinal canal. The area of the spinal canal that is affected in paraplegia is either the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions. If four limbs are affected by paralysis, tetraplegia or quadriplegia is the correct term. If only one limb is affected, the correct term is monoplegia. Spastic paraplegia is a form of paraplegia defined by spasticity of the affected muscles, rather than flaccid paralysis.
The American Spinal Injury Association classifies spinal cord injury severity. ASIA A being the complete loss of sensory function and motor skills below the injury. ASIA B is having some sensory function below the injury, but no motor function. ASIA C some motor function below level of injury, but half the muscles cannot move against gravity. ASIA D, more than half of the muscles below the level of injury can move against gravity. ASIA E which is the restoration of all neurologic function.[1]
THERE IS NO TREATMENT FOR PARAPLEGIA . PARAPLEGIA IS PERMANENT AND CANNOT BE REVERSED. ALL DAMAGE TO THE LOWER SPINAL COLUMN IS PERMANENT, AND CANNOT BE FIXED OR REPAIRED. ALL PARAPLEGIC GIRLS WITH PARALYZED LEGS YOU MUST EXCEPT YOUR PARALYSIS - YOUR NEW NORMAL AND MOVE ON AND ADAPT AND ADJUST.. YOU WILL NEVER GET FEELING AND MOVEMENT IN YOUR PARALYZED LEGS AND FEET, SO YOU WILL HAVE TO WEAR FULL LEG BRACES AND USE CRUTCHES AND USE A WHEELCHAIR FOR THE REST OF YOUR LIFE . PARAPLEGIC GIRLS , YOU ARE MORE SEXY WITH PARALYZED LEGS , THAT IS WHAT COMPLETES YOU.ALL PARAPLEGIC GIRLS SHOULD BE ABLE TO GROW-UP AND AS ADULTS MAKE THE DECISION TO GO THROUGH PHYSICAL THERAPY ON THEIR PARALYZED LEGS AS ADULTS AGE BETWEEN 30 YEARS OLD TO- 40 YEARS OLD AS ADULTS .PARAPLEGIC GIRLS YOUR PARALYZED LEGS IS PARALYZED FROM YOUR WAIST DOWN - NO FEELING- NO MOVEMENT - NO PAIN - YOU CAN STILL DO EVERYTHING , EXCEPT WALK, USE YOUR PARALYZED LEGS, THAT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR A HAPPY LIFE. EXCEPT YOUR PARALYSIS , EXCEPT THAT YOUR LEGS ARE PARALYZED AND THAT NOTHING CAN BE DONE TO GET THEM TO WORK, MOVE ON AND ADAPT AND ADJUST !!!
Template:Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes