|
|
Specified categories
|
||
| (35 intermediate revisions by 22 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|French Navy officer, writer and Nazi collaborator}} |
|||
{{Use British English|date=May 2020}} |
{{Use British English|date=May 2020}} |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} |
||
{{Infobox person/Wikidata | fetchwikidata=ALL |suppressfields=native_name}} |
|||
| ⚫ |
'''Louis Paul André Chack''', ( |
||
{{Infobox criminal |
|||
<br /> |
|||
| name = Louis Paul André Chack |
|||
| image = Paul Chack, 1927.jpg |
|||
| birth_date = 26 February 1876 |
|||
| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[French Third Republic]] |
|||
| death_date = 9 January 1945 (aged 68) |
|||
| death_place = [[Montrouge|Fort de Montrouge]], [[Paris]], [[French Fourth Republic]] |
|||
| death_cause = [[Execution by firing squad]] |
|||
| conviction_status = [[Executed]] |
|||
| conviction = [[Treason]] |
|||
| criminal_penalty = [[Capital punishment|Death]] |
|||
}} |
|||
| ⚫ | '''Louis Paul André Chack''', (12 February 1876 – 9 January 1945), was a [[French Navy]] officer, author and [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|Nazi collaborator]]. He served in the Navy during the [[First World War]] and spent the interwar period writing books on naval history and agitating at the far right. During the [[Second World War]], he eagerly collaborated with the Nazis and presided a so-called『Comité d'action antibolchévique』("Committee for Anti-Bolshevik Action"). At the Liberation, he was arrested, tried for treason and executed by firing squad. |
||
== Biography == |
== Biography == |
||
| ⚫ | [[File:Front révolutionnaire national (tribune).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Meeting of the {{Ill|Front révolutionnaire national|fr}}at the [[Vélodrome d'Hiver]] on 11 April 1943. Shown on the image:from left to right: [[Georges Claude]], [[Alphonse de Châteaubriant|Châteaubriant]], [[Marcel Déat]], [[Marcel Bucard|Bucard]], Paul Chack. Also present outside the frame: [[Henri Barbé]], {{Ill|Francis Desphelippon|fr}}, [[Lucien Rebatet]], Dr. [[André Rainsart]], [[Georges Soulès]], Kléber Legay<!--Q110225861-->.]] |
||
| ⚫ |
Chack was born to Marie-Louise Chack, also known as "Marie Scalini" (1852–1931), and of Lord Fingall, who refused to marry her but still purchased a house for her and paid her a pension. |
||
| ⚫ | Chack was born to Marie-Louise Chack, also known as "Marie Scalini" (1852–1931), and of Lord Fingall, who refused to marry her but still purchased a house for her and paid her a pension. |
||
Chack joined the [[École Navale |
Chack joined the [[École Navale]] in October [[1893]], the 50th of the 75 students of the class of that year. He graduated in 1896. |
||
He served on the battleship ''[[French ironclad Hoche|Hoche]]'', then on ''[[French battleship Masséna|Masséna]]'' in the |
He served on the battleship ''[[French ironclad Hoche|Hoche]]'', then on ''[[French battleship Masséna|Masséna]]'' in the North sea, and was promoted to Ensign first class in October 1898. He then served on ''Mouette'' at [[Constantinople]], where he earned a Turkish medal by fighting a fire. |
||
Chack was promoted to [[Lieutenant (navy)|lieutenant de vaisseau]] in May 1906, and given command of the submarine ''Grondin''. In 1908, he was appointed as aid to the general governor of Indochina. |
Chack was promoted to [[Lieutenant (navy)|lieutenant de vaisseau]] in May 1906, and given command of the submarine ''Grondin''. In 1908, he was appointed as aid to the general governor of Indochina. |
||
He |
Heserved on ''[[French battleship Jauréguiberry|Jauréguiberry]]'' in 1912 as gunnery officer, and was promoted to the fire direction of the battleship ''[[Courbet-class battleship|Courbet]]'' in 1914. In June 1915, he was given command of the [[destroyer]] ''[[Claymore-class destroyer|Massue]]'', taking part in the [[Gallipoli campaign]]. On 27 November 1916, he attacked a German submarine, earning an Army-level [[mention in dispatches]]. |
||
Check was promoted to |
Check was promoted to lieutenant-commander in July 1917, and to commander in June 1920. He captained the battleship ''[[French battleship Provence|Provence]]'' in the Mediterranean before transferring to the [[Defence Historical Service|Service historique de la marine]] as Direction 1921. In 1927, he was received as a member of the [[Académie de marine]]. He was promoted to captain in July 1929, and retired from the Navy in November 1934 with the rank of captain. |
||
From the 1920. Chack started writing numerous works about the Navy and naval history. |
From the 1920. Chack started writing numerous works about the Navy and naval history. |
||
Chack started mixing with Far-Right elements infiltrating the veteran associations of the time. He was vice-président of the l'Association nationale des officiers combattants (ANOC), under Right-Wing personalities such as Colonel Jean Ferrandi and [[Charles Trochu]]. Chack was also president of the Club de l'Effort, an organisation founded by reserve |
Chack started mixing with Far-Right elements infiltrating the veteran associations of the time. He was vice-président of the l'Association nationale des officiers combattants (ANOC), under Right-Wing personalities such as Colonel Jean Ferrandi and [[Charles Trochu]]. Chack was also president of the Club de l'Effort, an organisation founded by reserve officers, many of whom were members of the far-right Ligues. |
||
In 1937, he was among the Right-wing and Far-Right personalities in honouring [[Charles Maurras]] when he was freed from prison. He joined [[Jacques Doriot]]'s [[French Popular Party|Parti populaire français]] (PPF) in 1937.<ref>''L'Emancipation nationale'' du PPF le cite comme adhérent en janvier 1938: Jean-Paul Brunet, ''Jacques Doriot, du communisme au fascisme'', Balland, 1986, {{P.|233}} |
In 1937, he was among the Right-wing and Far-Right personalities in honouring [[Charles Maurras]] when he was freed from prison. He joined [[Jacques Doriot]]'s [[French Popular Party|Parti populaire français]] (PPF) in 1937.<ref>''L'Emancipation nationale'' du PPF le cite comme adhérent en janvier 1938: Jean-Paul Brunet, ''Jacques Doriot, du communisme au fascisme'', Balland, 1986, {{P.|233}}</ref> |
||
| ⚫ |
[[File:Front révolutionnaire national (tribune).jpg|thumb|upright|Meeting of the |
||
During the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|Nazi Occupation]], Chack supported Collaboration with the Third Reich. He also displayed a virulent [[antisemitism]]. He notably inaugurated the [[Institut d'étude des questions juives]] in May 1941, and wrote antisemitic editorials in journals. |
During the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|Nazi Occupation]], Chack supported Collaboration with the Third Reich. He also displayed a virulent [[antisemitism]]. He notably inaugurated the [[Institut d'étude des questions juives]] in May 1941, and wrote antisemitic editorials in journals. |
||
Chack was president of the Comité d’action antibolchévique (1941–1944), an [[Anti-communism|anticommunist]] and [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] propaganda outlet used as a recruitment organ for the [[Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism|Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchévisme]]. Chack inaugurated the exhibit ''Le Bolchevisme contre l'Europe'', along with French and German fascists such as [[Paul Marion (politician)|Paul Marion]], [[Fernand de Brinon]] or [[Georges Claude]]. |
Chack was president of the Comité d’action antibolchévique (1941–1944), an [[Anti-communism|anticommunist]] and [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] propaganda outlet used as a recruitment organ for the [[Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism|Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchévisme]]. Chack inaugurated the exhibit ''Le Bolchevisme contre l'Europe'', along with French and German fascists such as [[Paul Marion (politician)|Paul Marion]], [[Fernand de Brinon]] or [[Georges Claude]]. |
||
On 22 August 1944, after the [[Liberation of Paris|Libération]], Chack was arrested and |
On 22 August 1944, after the [[Liberation of Paris|Libération]], Chack was arrested and imprisoned at [[Drancy internment camp|Drancy]], and then at [[Fresnes Prison|Fresnes]]. He was tried by the Cour de justice of [[Seine (department)|Seine]], sentenced to death on 18 December 1944 and shot on 9 January 1945<ref>{{Cite book|last=Assouline|first=Pierre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9Xao_SdITgC&pg=PA1|title=L'épuration des intellectuels|publisher=Éditions Complexe|year=1996|isbn=978-2-870-27667-9|series=105|location=Bruxelles|pages=175|language=fr|oclc=39090744}}, {{P.|40-41, 45 et 167.}}</ref> at fort de Montrouge, near Paris. |
||
{{clearleft}} |
|||
== Honours == |
== Honours == |
||
* [[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Croix de guerre]] |
* [[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Croix de guerre]] |
||
* [[Legion of Honour]]: Knight in 1909, Officer in 1921, Commandeur on 21 November 1934.<ref>''La Revue maritime'', 1934, {{P.|802}}</ref> Expelled for treason in 1945. |
* [[Legion of Honour]]: Knight in 1909, Officer in 1921, Commandeur on 21 November 1934.<ref>''La Revue maritime'', 1934, {{P.|802}}</ref> Expelled for treason in 1945. |
||
== Works == |
== Works == |
||
* ''Au large d'Ouessant'' (Éditions de France, collection "la mer et notre Empire") |
* ''Au large d'Ouessant'' (Éditions de France, collection "la mer et notre Empire") |
||
* ''Du Maroc à l'Océan Indien'' (Éditions de France, collection "la mer et notre Empire") |
* ''Du Maroc à l'Océan Indien'' (Éditions de France, collection "la mer et notre Empire") |
||
| Line 67: | Line 78: | ||
* ''Histoire maritime de la Première guerre mondiale'' par Paul Chack et Jean-Jacques Antier (France-Empire, 3 volumes, réédition abrégée en 1 volume, 1992) |
* ''Histoire maritime de la Première guerre mondiale'' par Paul Chack et Jean-Jacques Antier (France-Empire, 3 volumes, réédition abrégée en 1 volume, 1992) |
||
* ''Hoang-Tham, pirate'', Éditions de France, 1933 |
* ''Hoang-Tham, pirate'', Éditions de France, 1933 |
||
* {{cite book |last1=Chack |first1=Paul |authorlink1=Paul Chack |title=L'homme d'Ouessant, Du Chaffault |date=1931 |publisher=Redier |location=Paris | oclc=716918045 }} |
|||
==References== |
|||
==Notes, citations, and references == |
|||
'''Notes''' |
|||
{{reflist|group=Note}} |
|||
'''Citations''' |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
||
|
==Bibliography== |
||
* {{Cite book|last=Taguieff|first=Pierre-André|title=L'antisémitisme de plume, 1940–1944|publisher=[[Berg International]]|year=1999|isbn=2-911289-16-1|series=Pensée politique et sciences sociales|pages=618|oclc=868428467}}, [présentation en ligne]. |
* {{Cite book|last=Taguieff|first=Pierre-André|title=L'antisémitisme de plume, 1940–1944|publisher=[[Berg International]]|year=1999|isbn=2-911289-16-1|series=Pensée politique et sciences sociales|pages=618|oclc=868428467}}, [présentation en ligne]. |
||
* {{Cite book|last=[[Étienne Taillemite]]|title=Dictionnaire des marins français|publisher=Tallandier|year=2002|isbn=978-2-847-34008-2|location=Paris| |
* {{Cite book|last=[[Étienne Taillemite]]|title=Dictionnaire des marins français|publisher=Tallandier|year=2002|isbn=978-2-847-34008-2|location=Paris|pages=93–94|language=fr|oclc=50268241}} |
||
* {{Cite book|last=Bergeron|first=Francis|title=Chack|publisher=Pardès|year=2013|isbn=978-2-867-14466-0|series=Qui suis-je?|location=Grez-sur-Loing |
* {{Cite book|last=Bergeron|first=Francis|title=Chack|publisher=Pardès|year=2013|isbn=978-2-867-14466-0|series=Qui suis-je?|location=Grez-sur-Loing|pages=127|language=fr|oclc=858211613}}. |
||
<references /> |
|||
|
==External links== |
||
{{Commonscatinline}} |
|||
* [http://ecole.nav.traditions.free.fr/officiers_chack_louis.htm Paul Chack sur le site de l’École navale] |
|||
* {{cite web |last1=Rouxel |first1=Jean-Christophe |title=Louis Paul André CHACK |url=http://ecole.nav.traditions.free.fr/officiers_chack_louis.htm |accessdate=30 May 2020}} |
|||
|
{{Authority control}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chack, Paul}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chack, Paul}} |
||
[[Category:1876 births]] |
|||
[[Category: |
[[Category:1945 deaths]] |
||
[[Category:Antisemitism in France]] |
[[Category:Antisemitism in France]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:École Navale alumni]] |
||
[[Category:Executed writers]] |
|||
[[Category:French anti-communists]] |
|||
[[Category:20th-century French writers]] |
[[Category:20th-century French writers]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:French Navy officers]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Military personnel from Paris]] |
||
[[Category:Nazi collaborators shot at the Fort de Montrouge]] |
|||
[[Category:Nazi propagandists]] |
|||
Louis Paul André Chack
| |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 26 February 1876 |
| Died | 9 January 1945 (aged 68) |
| Cause of death | Execution by firing squad |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Conviction(s) | Treason |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
Louis Paul André Chack, (12 February 1876 – 9 January 1945), was a French Navy officer, author and Nazi collaborator. He served in the Navy during the First World War and spent the interwar period writing books on naval history and agitating at the far right. During the Second World War, he eagerly collaborated with the Nazis and presided a so-called『Comité d'action antibolchévique』("Committee for Anti-Bolshevik Action"). At the Liberation, he was arrested, tried for treason and executed by firing squad.
Chack was born to Marie-Louise Chack, also known as "Marie Scalini" (1852–1931), and of Lord Fingall, who refused to marry her but still purchased a house for her and paid her a pension.
Chack joined the École Navale in October 1893, the 50th of the 75 students of the class of that year. He graduated in 1896.
He served on the battleship Hoche, then on Masséna in the North sea, and was promoted to Ensign first class in October 1898. He then served on MouetteatConstantinople, where he earned a Turkish medal by fighting a fire.
Chack was promoted to lieutenant de vaisseau in May 1906, and given command of the submarine Grondin. In 1908, he was appointed as aid to the general governor of Indochina.
He served on Jauréguiberry in 1912 as gunnery officer, and was promoted to the fire direction of the battleship Courbet in 1914. In June 1915, he was given command of the destroyer Massue, taking part in the Gallipoli campaign. On 27 November 1916, he attacked a German submarine, earning an Army-level mention in dispatches.
Check was promoted to lieutenant-commander in July 1917, and to commander in June 1920. He captained the battleship Provence in the Mediterranean before transferring to the Service historique de la marine as Direction 1921. In 1927, he was received as a member of the Académie de marine. He was promoted to captain in July 1929, and retired from the Navy in November 1934 with the rank of captain.
From the 1920. Chack started writing numerous works about the Navy and naval history.
Chack started mixing with Far-Right elements infiltrating the veteran associations of the time. He was vice-président of the l'Association nationale des officiers combattants (ANOC), under Right-Wing personalities such as Colonel Jean Ferrandi and Charles Trochu. Chack was also president of the Club de l'Effort, an organisation founded by reserve officers, many of whom were members of the far-right Ligues.
In 1937, he was among the Right-wing and Far-Right personalities in honouring Charles Maurras when he was freed from prison. He joined Jacques Doriot's Parti populaire français (PPF) in 1937.[1]
During the Nazi Occupation, Chack supported Collaboration with the Third Reich. He also displayed a virulent antisemitism. He notably inaugurated the Institut d'étude des questions juives in May 1941, and wrote antisemitic editorials in journals.
Chack was president of the Comité d’action antibolchévique (1941–1944), an anticommunist and antisemitic propaganda outlet used as a recruitment organ for the Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchévisme. Chack inaugurated the exhibit Le Bolchevisme contre l'Europe, along with French and German fascists such as Paul Marion, Fernand de BrinonorGeorges Claude.
On 22 August 1944, after the Libération, Chack was arrested and imprisoned at Drancy, and then at Fresnes. He was tried by the Cour de justice of Seine, sentenced to death on 18 December 1944 and shot on 9 January 1945[2] at fort de Montrouge, near Paris.
Media related to Paul Chack at Wikimedia Commons
| International |
|
|---|---|
| National |
|
| Other |
|
