Adding short description: "Collective head of state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" (Shortdesc helper)
|
No edit summary
|
||
(23 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{ |
{{Short description|Collective head of state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} |
||
{{Infobox official post |
{{Infobox official post |
||
| post = Presidency |
| post = Presidency |
||
| body = [[Yugoslavia]] |
| body = [[Yugoslavia]] |
||
| native_name = {{small|{{lang- |
| native_name = {{small|{{lang-sh|Predsjedništvo SFRJ}}<br />{{lang|sh-Cyrl|Председништво СФРЈ}}<br/>{{lang-sl|Predsedstvo SFRJ}}<br /> {{lang-mk|Председателство на СФРЈ}}}} |
||
| flag = Standard of a Member of the Presidency of SFR Yugoslavia.svg |
| flag = Standard of a Member of the Presidency of SFR Yugoslavia.svg |
||
| flagsize = 125px |
| flagsize = 125px |
||
Line 46: | Line 46: | ||
{{Politics of Yugoslavia}} |
{{Politics of Yugoslavia}} |
||
The '''Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia''' ({{lang- |
The '''Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia''' ({{lang-sh-Cyrl|Председништво СФРЈ|Predsedništvo SFRJ}}, {{lang|sh-Latn|Predsjedništvo SFRJ}}, {{lang-sl|Predsedstvo SFRJ}}, {{lang-mk|Председателство на СФРЈ|Predsedatelstvo na SFRJ}}) was the [[collective head of state]] of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]. It was established in 1971 according to amendments to the [[1963 Yugoslav Constitution|1963 Constitution]] and reorganized by the [[1974 Yugoslav Constitution|1974 Constitution]]. Up to 1974, the [[Presidency]] had 23 members – three from each [[republic]], two from each [[autonomous province]] and [[President of Yugoslavia|President]] [[Josip Broz Tito]].<ref>[http://www.osaarchivum.org/files/holdings/300/8/3/text/87-1-268.shtml Slobodan Stankovic (1984): Yugoslavia's New State Presidency] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817084209/http://www.osaarchivum.org/files/holdings/300/8/3/text/87-1-268.shtml |date=2011-08-17 }}</ref> In 1974 the Presidency was reduced to 9 members – one from each republic and autonomous province and, until 1988, [[President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia]] ''ex officio''. |
||
==Constitutional powers== |
==Constitutional powers== |
||
Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
According to the [[1974 Yugoslav Constitution|1974 Constitution]], the Presidency had following powers:<ref>[http://sr.wikisource.org/sr-el/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%281974%29#.D0.9F.D0.A0.D0.95.D0.94.D0.A1.D0.95.D0.94.D0.9D.D0.98.D0.A8.D0.A2.D0.92.D0.9E_.D0.A1.D0.9E.D0.A6.D0.98.D0.88.D0.90.D0.9B.D0.98.D0.A1.D0.A2.D0.98.D0.A7.D0.9A.D0.95_.D0.A4.D0.95.D0.94.D0.95.D0.A0.D0.90.D0.A2.D0.98.D0.92.D0.9D.D0.95_.D0.A0.D0.95.D0.9F.D0.A3.D0.91.D0.9B.D0.98.D0.9A.D0.95_.D0.88.D0.A3.D0.93.D0.9E.D0.A1.D0.9B.D0.90.D0.92.D0.98.D0.88.D0.95 Constitution of the SFRY, 1974 (in Serbian)]</ref> |
According to the [[1974 Yugoslav Constitution|1974 Constitution]], the Presidency had following powers:<ref>[http://sr.wikisource.org/sr-el/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%281974%29#.D0.9F.D0.A0.D0.95.D0.94.D0.A1.D0.95.D0.94.D0.9D.D0.98.D0.A8.D0.A2.D0.92.D0.9E_.D0.A1.D0.9E.D0.A6.D0.98.D0.88.D0.90.D0.9B.D0.98.D0.A1.D0.A2.D0.98.D0.A7.D0.9A.D0.95_.D0.A4.D0.95.D0.94.D0.95.D0.A0.D0.90.D0.A2.D0.98.D0.92.D0.9D.D0.95_.D0.A0.D0.95.D0.9F.D0.A3.D0.91.D0.9B.D0.98.D0.9A.D0.95_.D0.88.D0.A3.D0.93.D0.9E.D0.A1.D0.9B.D0.90.D0.92.D0.98.D0.88.D0.95 Constitution of the SFRY, 1974 (in Serbian)]</ref> |
||
* representing the federation both inside and outside the country |
* representing the federation both inside and outside the country |
||
* commanding the [[Yugoslav People's Army |
* commanding the [[Yugoslav People's Army]], deciding on using the army both in war and in peace |
||
* protecting equality of [[Yugoslavs|Yugoslav nationalities]] |
* protecting equality of [[Yugoslavs|Yugoslav nationalities]] |
||
* protecting the [[1974 Yugoslav Constitution|constitutional order]] |
* protecting the [[1974 Yugoslav Constitution|constitutional order]] |
||
Line 61: | Line 61: | ||
* giving quarters and awarding [[Orders, decorations and medals of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|state decorations]] |
* giving quarters and awarding [[Orders, decorations and medals of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|state decorations]] |
||
The Presidency had eight members elected by parliaments of each republic and autonomous province and proclaimed by the [[Federal Assembly of the SFRY]], the ninth member was president of the |
The Presidency had eight members elected by parliaments of each republic and autonomous province and proclaimed by the [[Federal Assembly of the SFRY]], the ninth member was [[president of the Presidency of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia]]. This ex officio membership of the LCY leader was abolished by the constitutional changes in autumn 1988.<ref>[http://sr.wikisource.org/sr-el/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%281988%29#.D0.90.D0.9C.D0.90.D0.9D.D0.94.D0.9C.D0.90.D0.9D_-.7B.D0.A5LI.7D- Amendments to the Constitution of the SFRY, 1988 (in Serbian)]</ref> The mandate of the Presidency lasted five years so the nine-member Presidency was elected in total four times – in 1974, 1979, 1984 and 1989. |
||
Until 1980 most of powers of the Presidency (and control over the country in general) were in fact exercised by Josip Broz Tito, who was president of the republic for life. After his death in May 1980, his office stayed vacant and the Presidency began to function according to the constitution. |
Until 1980 most of powers of the Presidency (and control over the country in general) were in fact exercised by Josip Broz Tito, who was president of the republic for life. After his death in May 1980, his office stayed vacant and the Presidency began to function according to the constitution. |
||
Sometimes, the Presidency held its sessions in an extended composition. Besides the members of the actual Presidency, in such sessions took part following officials: chairman of the Federal Assembly, chairman and vice-chairman of the Federal Executive Council (the government), federal secretaries (ministers) of defense, interior and foreign affairs, chairman of the Federal Conference of the [[Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia]] and chairmen of the Presidencies of the Yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces.<ref>[http://www.europamagazine.info/feljtonoktobar.htm Interview with Raif Dizdarević (in Serbo-Croatian)]</ref> The extended Presidency wasn't grounded in the Constitution and couldn't itself adopt any decisions. |
Sometimes, the Presidency held its sessions in an extended composition. Besides the members of the actual Presidency, in such sessions took part following officials: chairman of the Federal Assembly, chairman and vice-chairman of the Federal Executive Council (the government), federal secretaries (ministers) of defense, interior and foreign affairs, chairman of the Federal Conference of the [[People's Front of Yugoslavia|Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia]] and chairmen of the Presidencies of the Yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces.<ref>[http://www.europamagazine.info/feljtonoktobar.htm Interview with Raif Dizdarević (in Serbo-Croatian)]</ref> The extended Presidency wasn't grounded in the Constitution and couldn't itself adopt any decisions. |
||
==Post-Tito period== |
==Post-Tito period== |
||
Tito, as a president of the republic, was ex officio chairman of the Presidency. After his death a new chairman of the Presidency was elected every year. The order of rotating of the members on the leading position was agreed in advance, so this annual election was a pure formality. The rotating system jammed only in May 1991 |
Tito, as a president of the republic, was [[Ex officio member|ex officio]] chairman of the Presidency. After his death a new chairman of the Presidency was elected every year. The order of rotating of the members on the leading position was agreed in advance, so this annual election was a pure formality. The rotating system jammed only in May 1991 –[[Stipe Mesić]], representative of [[Franjo Tuđman]]'s new Croatian government in the Presidency, was about to become the chairman but wasn't elected due to opposition of a half of the Presidency controlled by Serbian leader [[Slobodan Milošević]]. The top state office of the disintegrating federation remained vacant until 1 July when Mesić was finally elected.<ref>[http://www.moljac.hr/biografije/mesic.htm Biography of Stipe Mesić (in Croatian)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717021940/http://www.moljac.hr/biografije/mesic.htm |date=2012-07-17 }}</ref> |
||
<ref name="www2.slobodnaevropa.org">[http://www2.slobodnaevropa.org/svjedoci/html/Vasil_Tupurkovski.html Interview with Vasil Tupurkovski, Radio Free Europe (in Serbo-Croatian)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204205120/http://www2.slobodnaevropa.org/svjedoci/html/Vasil_Tupurkovski.html |date=2008-02-04 }}</ref> |
<ref name="www2.slobodnaevropa.org">[http://www2.slobodnaevropa.org/svjedoci/html/Vasil_Tupurkovski.html Interview with Vasil Tupurkovski, Radio Free Europe (in Serbo-Croatian)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204205120/http://www2.slobodnaevropa.org/svjedoci/html/Vasil_Tupurkovski.html |date=2008-02-04 }}</ref> |
||
Line 79: | Line 79: | ||
In summer 1991 Mesić and Drnovšek, regarding their republics independent, ceased to attend sessions of the Presidency. They were followed by Bogićević and [[Vasil Tupurkovski]] from [[Macedonia (country)|Macedonia]], so that the Presidency de facto ceased to exist, although the members from Serbia, her provinces (Kosovo and Vojvodina) and Montenegro continued to hold sessions until 1992.<ref name="www2.slobodnaevropa.org"/> |
In summer 1991 Mesić and Drnovšek, regarding their republics independent, ceased to attend sessions of the Presidency. They were followed by Bogićević and [[Vasil Tupurkovski]] from [[Macedonia (country)|Macedonia]], so that the Presidency de facto ceased to exist, although the members from Serbia, her provinces (Kosovo and Vojvodina) and Montenegro continued to hold sessions until 1992.<ref name="www2.slobodnaevropa.org"/> |
||
== |
==Composition (1971–1992)== |
||
{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
| |
|colspan="3" style="background:#284D93; text-align:center; color:white;"| '''Presidency 1971–1974''' |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
! Name |
! Name |
||
Line 91: | Line 91: | ||
|[[Josip Broz Tito]] || 30 June 1971 – 15 May 1974 || [[President of Yugoslavia|President of the Republic]], [[President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia]] |
|[[Josip Broz Tito]] || 30 June 1971 – 15 May 1974 || [[President of Yugoslavia|President of the Republic]], [[President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Vidoje Žarković]]<br>[[Veljko Mićunović]]<br>[[Dobroslav Ćulafić]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|SR Montenegro]] |
|[[Vidoje Žarković]]<br />[[Veljko Mićunović]]<br />[[Dobroslav Ćulafić]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|SR Montenegro]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[ |
|[[Josif Rajačić]]<br />Replaced by [[Sreten Kovačević]]<br />[[Maćaš Keleman]]<br />Replaced by Mrs. [[Ida Sabo]] || || [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina|SAP Vojvodina]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Ilaz Kurteshi]]<br>[[ |
|[[Ilaz Kurteshi]]<br />[[Veli Deva]] || || [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo|SAP Kosovo]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Nikola Minčev]]<br>[[Krste Crvenkovski]]<br>[[Kiro Gligorov]]<br>Replaced by [[Lazar Koliševski]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia|SR Macedonia]] |
|[[Nikola Minčev]]<br />[[Krste Crvenkovski]]<br />[[Kiro Gligorov]]<br />Replaced by [[Lazar Koliševski]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia|SR Macedonia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Hamdija Pozderac]]<br>[[ |
|[[Hamdija Pozderac]]<br />[[Ratomir Dugonjić]]<br />[[Augustin Papić]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|SR Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Sergej Kraigher]]<br>[[Marko Bulc]]<br>[[Mitja Ribičič]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia|SR Slovenia]] |
|[[Sergej Kraigher]]<br />[[Marko Bulc]]<br />[[Mitja Ribičič]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia|SR Slovenia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Dragoslav Marković]]<br>[[Dobrivoje Vidić]]<br>[[Koča Popović]]<br>Replaced by [[Dragi Stamenković]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|SR Serbia]] |
|[[Dragoslav Marković]]<br />[[Dobrivoje Vidić]]<br />[[Koča Popović]]<br />Replaced by [[Dragi Stamenković]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|SR Serbia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Jakov Blažević]]<br>[[Đuro Kladarin]]<br>[[Miko Tripalo]]<br>Replaced by [[Milan Mišković]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|SR Croatia]] |
|[[Jakov Blažević]]<br />[[Đuro Kladarin]]<br />[[Miko Tripalo]]<br />Replaced by [[Milan Mišković]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|SR Croatia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
| |
|colspan="3" style="background:#284D93; text-align:center; color:white;"| '''Presidency 1974–1979''' |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Josip Broz Tito]] || 15 May 1974 – 15 May 1979 || President of the Republic, President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia |
|[[Josip Broz Tito]] || 15 May 1974 – 15 May 1979 || President of the Republic, President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia |
||
Line 121: | Line 121: | ||
|[[Cvijetin Mijatović]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|SR Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
|[[Cvijetin Mijatović]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|SR Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Edvard Kardelj]]<sup>1</sup><br>1979 [[Sergej Kraigher]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia|SR Slovenia]] |
|[[Edvard Kardelj]]<sup>1</sup><br />1979 [[Sergej Kraigher]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia|SR Slovenia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Petar Stambolić]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|SR Serbia]] |
|[[Petar Stambolić]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|SR Serbia]] |
||
Line 127: | Line 127: | ||
|[[Vladimir Bakarić]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|SR Croatia]] |
|[[Vladimir Bakarić]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|SR Croatia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
| |
|colspan="3" style="background:#284D93; text-align:center; color:white;"| '''Presidency 1979–1984''' |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Josip Broz Tito]]<sup>1</sup> || 15 May 1979 – 4 May 1980 || President of the Republic, President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia |
|[[Josip Broz Tito]]<sup>1</sup> || 15 May 1979 – 4 May 1980 || President of the Republic, President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia |
||
Line 133: | Line 133: | ||
|[[Vidoje Žarković]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|SR Montenegro]] |
|[[Vidoje Žarković]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|SR Montenegro]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Stevan Doronjski]]<sup>1</sup><br>1981 [[Radovan Vlajković]] || || [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina|SAP Vojvodina]] |
|[[Stevan Doronjski]]<sup>1</sup><br />1981 [[Radovan Vlajković]] || || [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina|SAP Vojvodina]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Fadil Hoxha]] || || [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo|SAP Kosovo]] |
|[[Fadil Hoxha]] || || [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo|SAP Kosovo]] |
||
Line 145: | Line 145: | ||
|[[Petar Stambolić]] || 15 May 1982 – 15 May 1983 || [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|SR Serbia]] |
|[[Petar Stambolić]] || 15 May 1982 – 15 May 1983 || [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|SR Serbia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Vladimir Bakarić]]<sup>1</sup><br>1983 [[Mika Špiljak]] || <br>15 May 1983 – 15 May 1984 || [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|SR Croatia]] |
|[[Vladimir Bakarić]]<sup>1</sup><br />1983 [[Mika Špiljak]] || <br />15 May 1983 – 15 May 1984 || [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|SR Croatia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|1980 [[Stevan Doronjski]]<br>1980 [[Lazar Mojsov]]<br>1981 [[Dušan Dragosavac]]<br>1982 [[Mitja Ribičič]]<br>1983 [[Dragoslav Marković]] || || [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]] |
|1980 [[Stevan Doronjski]]<br />1980 [[Lazar Mojsov]]<br />1981 [[Dušan Dragosavac]]<br />1982 [[Mitja Ribičič]]<br />1983 [[Dragoslav Marković]] || || [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
| |
|colspan="3" style="background:#284D93; text-align:center; color:white;"| '''Presidency 1984–1989''' |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Veselin Đuranović]] || 15 May 1984 – 15 May 1985 || [[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|SR Montenegro]] |
|[[Veselin Đuranović]] || 15 May 1984 – 15 May 1985 || [[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|SR Montenegro]] |
||
Line 159: | Line 159: | ||
|[[Lazar Mojsov]] || 15 May 1987 – 15 May 1988 || [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia|SR Macedonia]] |
|[[Lazar Mojsov]] || 15 May 1987 – 15 May 1988 || [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia|SR Macedonia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Branko Mikulić]]<sup>2</sup><br>1986 [[Hamdija Pozderac]]<sup>3</sup><br>1987 [[Raif Dizdarević]] || <br> <br>15 May 1988 – 15 May 1989 || [[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|SR Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
|[[Branko Mikulić]]<sup>2</sup><br />1986 [[Hamdija Pozderac]]<sup>3</sup><br />1987 [[Raif Dizdarević]] || <br /> <br />15 May 1988 – 15 May 1989 || [[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|SR Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Stane Dolanc]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia|SR Slovenia]] |
|[[Stane Dolanc]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia|SR Slovenia]] |
||
Line 167: | Line 167: | ||
|[[Josip Vrhovec]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|SR Croatia]] |
|[[Josip Vrhovec]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|SR Croatia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|1984 [[Ali Shukri]]<br>1985 [[Vidoje Žarković]]<br>1986 [[Milanko Renovica]]<br>1987 [[Boško Krunić]]<br>1988 [[Stipe Šuvar]]<br>(until November 1988) || || [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]] |
|1984 [[Ali Shukri]]<br />1985 [[Vidoje Žarković]]<br />1986 [[Milanko Renovica]]<br />1987 [[Boško Krunić]]<br />1988 [[Stipe Šuvar]]<br />(until November 1988) || || [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
| |
|colspan="3" style="background:#284D93; text-align:center; color:white;"| '''Presidency 1989–1992''' |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Dragutin Zelenović]]<sup>5</sup><br>1990 [[Jugoslav Kostić]] || || [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina|SAP Vojvodina]] |
|[[Dragutin Zelenović]]<sup>5</sup><br />1990 [[Jugoslav Kostić]] || || [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina|SAP Vojvodina]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Riza Sapunxhiu]]<sup>6</sup><br>1991 [[Sejdo Bajramović]] || || [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo|SAP Kosovo]] |
|[[Riza Sapunxhiu]]<sup>6</sup><br />1991 [[Sejdo Bajramović]] || || [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo|SAP Kosovo]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Vasil Tupurkovski]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia|SR Macedonia]] / [[Republic of Macedonia]] |
|[[Vasil Tupurkovski]] || || [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia|SR Macedonia]] / [[Republic of Macedonia]] |
||
Line 183: | Line 183: | ||
|[[Borisav Jović]] || 15 May 1990 – 15 May 1991 || [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|SR Serbia]] |
|[[Borisav Jović]] || 15 May 1990 – 15 May 1991 || [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|SR Serbia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Stipe Šuvar]]<sup>4</sup><br>1990 [[Stipe Mesić]] || <br>1 July 1991 – 3 October 1991 || [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|SR Croatia]] / [[Republic of Croatia]] |
|[[Stipe Šuvar]]<sup>4</sup><br />1990 [[Stipe Mesić]] || <br />1 July 1991 – 3 October 1991 || [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|SR Croatia]] / [[Republic of Croatia]] |
||
|-- |
|-- |
||
|[[Nenad Bućin]]<sup>7</sup><br>1991 [[Branko Kostić]] || <br>6 December 1991 – 15 June 1992<br>(acting) || [[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|SR Montenegro]] |
|[[Nenad Bućin]]<sup>7</sup><br />1991 [[Branko Kostić]] || <br />6 December 1991 – 15 June 1992<br />(acting) || [[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|SR Montenegro]] |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 208: | Line 208: | ||
*[[Prime Minister of Yugoslavia]] |
*[[Prime Minister of Yugoslavia]] |
||
*[[Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
*[[Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
||
{{Presidential system of SFRY}} |
{{Presidential system of SFRY}} |
||
{{Yugoslavia topics}} |
{{Yugoslavia topics}} |
||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
[[Category:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] |
[[Category:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] |
Presidency of Yugoslavia | |
---|---|
Serbo-Croatian: Predsjedništvo SFRJ Председништво СФРЈ Slovene: Predsedstvo SFRJ Macedonian: Председателство на СФРЈ | |
Best known officeholder Josip Broz Tito 30 June 1971 – 4 May 1980 | |
Term length | No fixed length |
Formation | 30 June 1971 |
First holder | Josip Broz Tito |
Final holder | Branko Kostić |
Abolished | 15 June 1992 |
The Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Председништво СФРЈ, romanized: Predsedništvo SFRJ, Predsjedništvo SFRJ, Slovene: Predsedstvo SFRJ, Macedonian: Председателство на СФРЈ, romanized: Predsedatelstvo na SFRJ) was the collective head of state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was established in 1971 according to amendments to the 1963 Constitution and reorganized by the 1974 Constitution. Up to 1974, the Presidency had 23 members – three from each republic, two from each autonomous province and President Josip Broz Tito.[1] In 1974 the Presidency was reduced to 9 members – one from each republic and autonomous province and, until 1988, President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia ex officio.
According to the 1974 Constitution, the Presidency had following powers:[2]
The Presidency had eight members elected by parliaments of each republic and autonomous province and proclaimed by the Federal Assembly of the SFRY, the ninth member was president of the Presidency of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. This ex officio membership of the LCY leader was abolished by the constitutional changes in autumn 1988.[3] The mandate of the Presidency lasted five years so the nine-member Presidency was elected in total four times – in 1974, 1979, 1984 and 1989.
Until 1980 most of powers of the Presidency (and control over the country in general) were in fact exercised by Josip Broz Tito, who was president of the republic for life. After his death in May 1980, his office stayed vacant and the Presidency began to function according to the constitution.
Sometimes, the Presidency held its sessions in an extended composition. Besides the members of the actual Presidency, in such sessions took part following officials: chairman of the Federal Assembly, chairman and vice-chairman of the Federal Executive Council (the government), federal secretaries (ministers) of defense, interior and foreign affairs, chairman of the Federal Conference of the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia and chairmen of the Presidencies of the Yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces.[4] The extended Presidency wasn't grounded in the Constitution and couldn't itself adopt any decisions.
Tito, as a president of the republic, was ex officio chairman of the Presidency. After his death a new chairman of the Presidency was elected every year. The order of rotating of the members on the leading position was agreed in advance, so this annual election was a pure formality. The rotating system jammed only in May 1991 –Stipe Mesić, representative of Franjo Tuđman's new Croatian government in the Presidency, was about to become the chairman but wasn't elected due to opposition of a half of the Presidency controlled by Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević. The top state office of the disintegrating federation remained vacant until 1 July when Mesić was finally elected.[5] [6]
Only one year after Tito's death, Yugoslav leaders had to face violent riotsinKosovo. On 2 April 1981 the Presidency under chairmanship of Cvijetin Mijatović declared a state of emergencyinPriština and Kosovska Mitrovica, which lasted one week.[7][8] The Presidency declared the state of emergency again, that time on the whole territory of Kosovo, on 27 February 1989 under chairmanship of Raif Dizdarević, when even more serious disorders in Kosovo broke out.[8][9] For the third time in post-Tito Yugoslavia, the state of emergency in Kosovo was imposed by the Presidency in February 1990.[10]
The composition of the last Presidency elected in May 1989 reflected both approach of political pluralism in some parts of the federation and the beginning of agony in Yugoslavia:
In summer 1991 Mesić and Drnovšek, regarding their republics independent, ceased to attend sessions of the Presidency. They were followed by Bogićević and Vasil Tupurkovski from Macedonia, so that the Presidency de facto ceased to exist, although the members from Serbia, her provinces (Kosovo and Vojvodina) and Montenegro continued to hold sessions until 1992.[6]
Presidential system in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
| |
---|---|
Presidency |
|
President of the Presidency |
|
International |
|
---|---|
National |
|