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{{Short description|Dutch princess}} |
{{Short description|Dutch princess (1947–2019)}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} |
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{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}} |
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}} |
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{{Infobox royalty |
{{Infobox royalty |
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| name = Princess Christina |
| name = Princess Christina |
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| full name = Maria Christina van Oranje-Nassau |
| full name = Maria Christina van Oranje-Nassau |
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| image = Princess Christina of the Netherlands |
| image = Princess Christina of the Netherlands 1968.jpg |
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| caption = Princess Christina |
| caption = Princess Christina in 1968 |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1947|2|18}} |
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1947|2|18}} |
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| birth_name = Princess Maria Christina of the Netherlands |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2019|8|16|1947|2|18}} |
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2019|8|16|1947|2|18}} |
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| birth_place = [[Soestdijk Palace]], [[Baarn]], Netherlands |
| birth_place = [[Soestdijk Palace]], [[Baarn]], Netherlands |
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| death_place = [[Noordeinde Palace]], [[The Hague]], Netherlands |
| death_place = [[Noordeinde Palace]], [[The Hague]], Netherlands |
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| house = [[House of Orange-Nassau|Orange-Nassau]] |
| house = [[House of Orange-Nassau|Orange-Nassau]] |
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| spouse = [[Jorge Guillermo|Jorge Pérez y Guillermo]] |
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Jorge Guillermo|Jorge Pérez y Guillermo]]|1975|1996|end=div}} |
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| issue = {{plainlist| |
| issue = {{plainlist| |
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* Bernardo Guillermo |
* Bernardo Guillermo |
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| father = [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]] |
| father = [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]] |
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| mother = [[Juliana of the Netherlands]] |
| mother = [[Juliana of the Netherlands]] |
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| religion = [[Catholic Church in the Netherlands| |
| religion = [[Catholic Church in the Netherlands|Catholicism]]<br/><small>''prev.'' [[Dutch Reformed]]</small> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Princess Christina of the Netherlands''' (Maria Christina; 18 February 1947 – 16 August 2019)<ref name="Hunter1992">{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Brian|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1992–93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fESiambTUyoC|access-date=16 June 2011|date=1 June 1992|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-55836-2|page=992|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231200341/http://books.google.com/books?id=fESiambTUyoC|archive-date=31 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/leden-koninklijk-huis/koninklijke-familie/inhoud/prinses-christina|title=Prinses Christina|first=Ministerie van Algemene|last=Zaken|website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl|access-date=1 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724095136/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/leden-koninklijk-huis/koninklijke-familie/inhoud/prinses-christina|archive-date=24 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> was the youngest of four daughters of [[Queen Juliana of the Netherlands]] and [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]]. |
'''Princess Christina of the Netherlands''' (Maria Christina; 18 February 1947 – 16 August 2019)<ref name="Hunter1992">{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Brian|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1992–93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fESiambTUyoC|access-date=16 June 2011|date=1 June 1992|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-55836-2|page=992|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231200341/http://books.google.com/books?id=fESiambTUyoC|archive-date=31 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/leden-koninklijk-huis/koninklijke-familie/inhoud/prinses-christina|title=Prinses Christina|first=Ministerie van Algemene|last=Zaken|website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl|access-date=1 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724095136/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/leden-koninklijk-huis/koninklijke-familie/inhoud/prinses-christina|archive-date=24 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> was the youngest of four daughters of [[Queen Juliana of the Netherlands]] and [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]]. She taught singing in New York and was a long-term supporter of the Youth Music Foundation in the Netherlands. Born [[visually impaired]], she worked to share her knowledge of dance and sound therapy with the blind. |
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She renounced her and her descendants' rights to the throne before marrying Cuban exile [[Jorge Guillermo]] in 1975, and converted to [[Catholicism]] in 1992. The couple had three children and built up an extensive art collection, before they divorced in 1996. Christina died of [[bone cancer]] in 2019. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Princess Christina, who was known as Princess ''Marijke'' in her youth, was born on 18 February 1947, at [[Soestdijk Palace]], [[Baarn]], the Netherlands. Her parents were [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Crown Princess Juliana]], the only child of [[Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]], and [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]].<ref name="AP">{{cite web |title=Dutch Princess Christina, sister of former queen, dies at 72 |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/lifestyle/newsfeature/dutch-princess-christina-sister-of-former-queen-dies-at-72/ar-AAFT5gB |website=msn.com |publisher=AP |access-date=16 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816162117/https://www.msn.com/en-us/lifestyle/newsfeature/dutch-princess-christina-sister-of-former-queen-dies-at-72/ar-AAFT5gB |archive-date=16 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time of her birth, she was fifth in the line to the throne after her mother and three older sisters: [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Princess Beatrix]], [[Princess Irene of the Netherlands|Princess Irene]] and [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands|Princess Margriet]].<ref name="AP" /> |
Princess Christina, who was known as Princess ''Marijke'' in her youth, was born on 18 February 1947, at [[Soestdijk Palace]], [[Baarn]], the Netherlands. Her parents were [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Crown Princess Juliana]], the only child of [[Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]], and [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]].<ref name="AP">{{cite web |title=Dutch Princess Christina, sister of former queen, dies at 72 |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/lifestyle/newsfeature/dutch-princess-christina-sister-of-former-queen-dies-at-72/ar-AAFT5gB |website=msn.com |publisher=AP |access-date=16 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816162117/https://www.msn.com/en-us/lifestyle/newsfeature/dutch-princess-christina-sister-of-former-queen-dies-at-72/ar-AAFT5gB |archive-date=16 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time of her birth, she was fifth in the line to the throne after her mother and three older sisters: [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Princess Beatrix]], [[Princess Irene of the Netherlands|Princess Irene]] and [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands|Princess Margriet]].<ref name="AP" /> |
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She was baptised on 9 October 1947 and her [[godparents]] included Queen Wilhelmina (her maternal grandmother), her eldest sister Princess Beatrix, [[Sir]] [[Winston Churchill]] (for whom her father stood proxy), her paternal grandmother |
She was baptised on 9 October 1947 and her [[godparents]] included Queen Wilhelmina (her maternal grandmother), her eldest sister Princess Beatrix, [[Sir]] [[Winston Churchill]] (for whom her father stood proxy), her paternal grandmother [[Armgard von Cramm|Princess Armgard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]], [[Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma|Prince Felix of Luxembourg]], and his niece [[Queen Anne of Romania|Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/?/indonesie_onafhankelijk_-_fotos_1947-1953/items/SFA02:6001413/&p=15&i=7&t=287&sc=%28cql.serverChoice%20all%20Prinses%20%20AND%20marijke%29/&wst=Prinses%20marijke |title=Zegening door handoplegging bij de doop van prinses Marijke in de Domkerk in Utrecht. 9 oktober 1947 |website=Geheugen van Nederland |access-date=30 August 2016 |type=photo }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LD/1947-10-09/edition/0/page/1 |title=Indrukwekkende gebeurtenis in de Domstad: Plechtige doop van Prinses Marijke |newspaper=[[Leidsch Dagblad]] |language=nl |date=9 October 1947 |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920192351/http://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LD/1947-10-09/edition/0/page/1 |archive-date=20 September 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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On 4 September 1948, after a reign of nearly 58 years, Christina's grandmother Queen Wilhelmina (68) abdicated the throne and her mother was inaugurated as Queen of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] on 6 September 1948.<ref name="The Guardian2004">{{cite news |last1=Vat |first1=Dan van der |title=Obituary: Queen Juliana of the Netherlands |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/mar/22/guardianobituaries |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=22 March 2004}}</ref> |
On 4 September 1948, after a reign of nearly 58 years, Christina's grandmother Queen Wilhelmina (68) abdicated the throne and her mother was inaugurated as Queen of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] on 6 September 1948.<ref name="The Guardian2004">{{cite news |last1=Vat |first1=Dan van der |title=Obituary: Queen Juliana of the Netherlands |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/mar/22/guardianobituaries |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=22 March 2004}}</ref> |
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== Childhood and education == |
== Childhood and education == |
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<!--NEED RELIABLE SOURCES |
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Christina was a bright and happy child, with a considerable talent for music. She also had a capacity for languages and as a young girl delighted the visiting [[President of France|President of the French Republic]], [[René Coty]], by conversing fluently with him in French. |
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Like her sisters, Christina joined [[Scouting Nederland|the Scouts]] as a young girl. |
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--> |
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While her mother was pregnant with Christina, she contracted |
While her mother was pregnant with Christina, she contracted either [[measles]] or [[rubella]] and as a result, Christina was born nearly blind. With medical treatment and custom eyeglasses, her vision improved to a point that she could attend school and live a relatively normal life.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lorna |last=Carroll |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19630610&id=66lPAAAAIBAJ&pg=7177,5547337 |title=Pediatric Surgery Has Given A New Life To Many Children |newspaper=[[St. Petersburg Times]] |location=St. Petersburg, Florida |date=10 June 1963 |page=32 }}</ref> |
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In 1963, she stopped using her first name Maria, from then on referring to herself merely as Christina. She graduated from secondary school (Amersfoort Lyceum) in 1965 and went on to <ref name="royal-house" /> |
In 1963, she stopped using her first name Maria, from then on referring to herself merely as Christina. She graduated from secondary school (Amersfoort Lyceum) in 1965 and went on to <ref name="royal-house" /> attend the University of Groningen where she studied teaching theory. At age 21 she moved to [[Canada]] to study classical music in at the ''École de musique Vincent-d’Indy'' in Montreal where she studied [[vocal teaching]].<ref>{{cite web |title=In Memoriam Princess Christina |url=https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/in-memoriam/princess-christina |website=The Royal House of the Netherlands |date=16 August 2019 |publisher=The Royal Household of the Netherlands |access-date=22 November 2019}}</ref> |
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<!--NEED RELIABLE SOURCES After a few years, she accepted a teaching position at a [[Montessori school]] in [[New York City]].--> |
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==Marriage== |
==Marriage== |
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[[File:Princess Christina and Jorge Guillermo 1975.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Princess Christina and Jorge Guillermo 1975.jpg|thumb|left|Princess Christina & Jorge Pérez y Guillermo in 1975]] |
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| ⚫ | [[File:Defile Soestdijk 78 Prinses Christina en Jorge Guillermo met zoon Bernardo (clo, Bestanddeelnr 929-6981.jpg|thumb|right|Princess Christina and Jorge Guillermo with Bernardo in 1978]] |
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While living in New York as Christina van Oranje, the Princess started a relationship with Cuban exile [[Jorge Guillermo]].<ref name="AP" /> |
While living in New York as Christina van Oranje, the Princess started a relationship with Cuban exile [[Jorge Guillermo]].<ref name="AP" /> |
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<!--NEED RELIABLE SOURCES himself a teacher for the Addie May Collins Shelter of [[Harlem]] and a former [[hotel manager|hotelier]]. Guillermo was born in [[Havana]] on 1 August 1946. He is the son of Federico Gilberto Pérez y Castillo and wife Edenia Mercedes Guillermo y Marrero, who died in Florida in 2002; his brother, [[Gilberto Perez|Gilberto Pérez y Guillermo]], was a film studies professor.--> |
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Although societal attitudes were changing, because Guillermo was a [[Catholic Church| |
Although societal attitudes were changing, because Guillermo was a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], it was still possible that a marriage could cause a public scandal in the Netherlands such as the one that occurred in 1964 when Christina's sister [[Princess Irene of the Netherlands|Princess Irene]] married the Catholic [[Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma|Prince Carlos Hugo of Bourbon-Parma]]. Accordingly, Princess Christina, at that time ninth in line for the Dutch throne, renounced her and her descendants' rights to the throne before officially announcing her engagement on [[St. Valentine's Day]], 1975. She converted to Catholicism in 1992.<ref name=Trouw>{{cite news |first=Fred |last=Lammers |url=http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/5009/Archief/article/detail/2471964/1994/09/19/Huwelijk-Christina-niet-zo-romantisch.dhtml |title=Huwelijk Christina niet zo romantisch |newspaper=[[Trouw]] |language=nl |date=19 September 1994 |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911061943/http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/5009/Archief/article/detail/2471964/1994/09/19/Huwelijk-Christina-niet-zo-romantisch.dhtml |archive-date=11 September 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The couple were married on 28 June 1975, civilly in [[Baarn]] and then religiously in an [[ecumenical Christianity|ecumenical]] ceremony in the [[St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht|Cathedral of Saint Martin]], [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]].<ref name="royal-house" /> After their wedding, they lived in New York but later moved to the Netherlands, where they built {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Eikenhorst|nl}} in [[Wassenaar]], near [[The Hague]].<ref name=Trouw/> The couple built up an extensive art collection.<ref>{{cite web |title=A possessing Princess |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-possessing-princess-1351744.html |website=Independent |date=10 November 1996 |access-date=1 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801155103/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-possessing-princess-1351744.html |archive-date=1 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> They had three children: |
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[[File:Defile Soestdijk 78 Prinses Christina en Jorge Guillermo met zoon Bernardo (clo, Bestanddeelnr 929-6981.jpg|thumb| |
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| ⚫ | *Bernardo Federico Thomas Guillermo (born 17 June 1977, Utrecht), married 2 March 2009, New York City (USA), Eva Marie Prinz Valdes (born 2 August 1979) and has two children:{{citation needed|date=May 2021|reason=Biographical information not in current ref (https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/royal-family/princess-christina)}} |
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| ⚫ | The couple were married on 28 June 1975, civilly in [[Baarn]] and then religiously in an [[ecumenical Christianity|ecumenical]] ceremony in the [[St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht|Cathedral of Saint Martin]], [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]].<ref name="royal-house" /> After their wedding, they lived in New York but later moved to the Netherlands, where they built {{Interlanguage link multi|Villa Eikenhorst|nl}} in [[Wassenaar]], near [[The Hague]].<ref name=Trouw/> The couple built up an extensive art collection.<ref>{{cite web |title=A possessing Princess |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-possessing-princess-1351744.html |website=Independent |access-date=1 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801155103/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-possessing-princess-1351744.html |archive-date=1 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> They had three children: |
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**Isabel Christina Guillermo (born in 2009) |
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*Bernardo Federico Thomas Guillermo (born 17 June 1977, Utrecht), married 2 March 2009, New York City (USA), Eva Marie Prinz Valdes (born 2 August 1979) and |
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*Nicolás Daniel Mauricio Guillermo (born 6 July 1979, Utrecht),{{citation needed|date=May 2021|reason=Biographical information not in current ref (https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/royal-family/princess-christina)}} |
**Julián Jorge Guillermo (born in 2011) |
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*Nicolás Daniel Mauricio Guillermo (born 6 July 1979, Utrecht), has two children:{{citation needed|date=May 2021|reason=Biographical information not in current ref (https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/royal-family/princess-christina)}} |
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**Joaquín Guillermo (born in 2020) |
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*Juliana Edenia Antonia Guillermo (born 8 October 1981, Utrecht), |
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**Carmen Guillermo (born in 2023) |
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| ⚫ | *Juliana Edenia Antonia Guillermo (born 8 October 1981, Utrecht), has three children with Tao Bodhi:{{citation needed|date=May 2021|reason=Biographical information not in current ref (https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/royal-family/princess-christina)}} |
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**Kai Bodhi Guillermo (born in 2014) |
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**Numa Bodhi Guillermo (born in 2016) |
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**Aida Bodhi Guillermo (born in 2019) |
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By her request, the couple divorced on 25 April 1996.<ref name="royal-house">{{Cite web|url=https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/royal-family/princess-christina|title=Princess Christina|website=www.royal-house.nl|publisher=Ministry of General Affairs|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211071936/https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/royal-family/princess-christina|archive-date=11 February 2018|url-status=live|access-date= |
By her request, the couple divorced on 25 April 1996.<ref name="royal-house">{{Cite web|url=https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/royal-family/princess-christina|title=Princess Christina|website=www.royal-house.nl|publisher=Ministry of General Affairs|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211071936/https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/royal-family/princess-christina|archive-date=11 February 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 February 2018}}</ref> |
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<!--NEED RELIABLE SOURCES and then returned with her children to live in the United States.--> |
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==Career== |
==Career== |
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[[File:Rubens tekening van een jonge man.jpg|upright|thumb|left|P.P. Rubens' drawing sold in 2019 by Princess Christina]] |
[[File:Rubens tekening van een jonge man.jpg|upright|thumb|left|P.P. Rubens's drawing sold in 2019 by Princess Christina]] |
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She began teaching singing in New York after completing her vocal teaching studies at the ''École de musique'' Vincent-d’Indy in Montreal. She recorded and released several CDs (classical, Broadway) in 2000 and 2002, and was a long-term supporter of the Youth Music Foundation in the Netherlands.<ref name="royal-house" /> In 1989, she allowed her name to be used for the ''Prinses Christina Concours'' an annual competition held in the Netherlands to encourage |
She began teaching singing in New York after completing her vocal teaching studies at the ''École de musique'' Vincent-d’Indy in Montreal. She recorded and released several CDs (classical, Broadway) in 2000 and 2002, and was a long-term supporter of the Youth Music Foundation in the Netherlands.<ref name="royal-house" /> In 1989, she allowed her name to be used for the ''Prinses Christina Concours'' an annual competition held in the Netherlands to encourage the musical talents of children in the Netherlands.<ref name="royal-house" /> |
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She performed at the marriage of |
She performed at the marriage of her nephew Prince Bernhard Jr. and this was one of her few public performances.<ref name="royal-house" /> She also sang at the funerals of bothof her parents Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard in the [[New Church (Delft)]].<ref name="royal-house" /> |
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<!--NEED RELIABLE SOURCES and participated in a tribute concert that the [[CIMA Festival]] held in Italy for Queen-mother Juliana, under the direction of singer [[Jorge Chaminé]].--> |
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She completed a dance therapist training and worked, in the later part of her career, with sound and dance therapy. She worked to share her knowledge in the fields of dance/sound therapy and physical contact, with the blind. She worked for the Visio foundation in the towns of [[Huizen]] and [[Breda]] to achieve this.<ref name="royal-house" /> |
She completed a dance therapist training and worked, in the later part of her career, with sound and dance therapy. She worked to share her knowledge in the fields of dance/sound therapy and physical contact, with the blind. She worked for the Visio foundation in the towns of [[Huizen]] and [[Breda]] to achieve this.<ref name="royal-house" /> |
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Early 2019, Christina made headlines when she decided to sell several works of art. These works came to her through inheritance from the Dutch royal family: art lover [[William II of the Netherlands]]. Dutch institutions including the [[Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen|Museum Boymans Van Beuningen]] did not have enough funds to purchase the major piece of the auction, an anatomical drawing by [[Peter Paul Rubens]]. It was sold by [[Sotheby's]] for $8.2 million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2018/old-master-drawings-n10006/lot.15.html|title=Sir Peter Paul Rubens, NUDE STUDY OF A YOUNG MAN WITH RAISED ARMS|website=Sotheby's|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042351/http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2018/old-master-drawings-n10006/lot.15.html|archive-date=2 February 2019|url-status=live|access-date=2019 |
Early 2019, Christina made headlines when she decided to sell several works of art. These works came to her through inheritance from the Dutch royal family: art lover [[William II of the Netherlands]]. Dutch institutions including the [[Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen|Museum Boymans Van Beuningen]] did not have enough funds to purchase the major piece of the auction, an anatomical drawing by [[Peter Paul Rubens]]. It was sold by [[Sotheby's]] for $8.2 million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2018/old-master-drawings-n10006/lot.15.html|title=Sir Peter Paul Rubens, NUDE STUDY OF A YOUNG MAN WITH RAISED ARMS|website=Sotheby's|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042351/http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2018/old-master-drawings-n10006/lot.15.html|archive-date=2 February 2019|url-status=live|access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> |
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==Death== |
==Death== |
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In June 2018, it was announced that Princess Christina had been diagnosed with [[bone cancer]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Princess Christina, the aunt of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, has bone cancer |url=http://royalcentral.co.uk/europe/netherlands/princess-christina-the-aunt-of-king-willem-alexander-of-the-netherlands-has-bone-cancer-104844 |website=Royal Central |access-date=1 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801124911/http://royalcentral.co.uk/europe/netherlands/princess-christina-the-aunt-of-king-willem-alexander-of-the-netherlands-has-bone-cancer-104844 |archive-date=1 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> She died on 16 August 2019, aged 72.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/16/world/europe/princess-christina-dead.html|title=Christina, a Dutch Princess Who Married a Commoner, Dies at 72|newspaper=The New York Times|date=16 August 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817230130/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/16/world/europe/princess-christina-dead.html|archive-date=17 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Her body was taken to Fagel's Garden Pavilion nearby [[Noordeinde Palace]] for a private service held on 22 August, and her remains were cremated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apnews.com/3381d68d650f4baf8105dc850d3b55a7|title=Dutch Princess Christina, sister of former queen, dies at 72|publisher=Associated Press News|date=16 August 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818173805/https://www.apnews.com/3381d68d650f4baf8105dc850d3b55a7|archive-date=18 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |
In June 2018, it was announced that Princess Christina had been diagnosed with [[bone cancer]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Princess Christina, the aunt of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, has bone cancer |url=http://royalcentral.co.uk/europe/netherlands/princess-christina-the-aunt-of-king-willem-alexander-of-the-netherlands-has-bone-cancer-104844 |website=Royal Central |date=21 June 2018 |access-date=1 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801124911/http://royalcentral.co.uk/europe/netherlands/princess-christina-the-aunt-of-king-willem-alexander-of-the-netherlands-has-bone-cancer-104844 |archive-date=1 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> She died on 16 August 2019, aged 72.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/16/world/europe/princess-christina-dead.html|title=Christina, a Dutch Princess Who Married a Commoner, Dies at 72|newspaper=The New York Times|date=16 August 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817230130/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/16/world/europe/princess-christina-dead.html|archive-date=17 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Her body was taken to Fagel's Garden Pavilion nearby [[Noordeinde Palace]] for a private service held on 22 August, and her remains were cremated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apnews.com/3381d68d650f4baf8105dc850d3b55a7|title=Dutch Princess Christina, sister of former queen, dies at 72|publisher=Associated Press News|date=16 August 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818173805/https://www.apnews.com/3381d68d650f4baf8105dc850d3b55a7|archive-date=18 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==Titles, styles and honours== |
==Titles, styles and honours== |
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===Titles=== |
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*1947–1963: ''Her Royal Highness'' Princess Maria Christina of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld |
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*1963–1975: ''Her Royal Highness'' Princess Christina of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld |
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*1975–1996: ''Her Royal Highness'' Princess Christina of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Mrs. Guillermo |
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*1996–2019: ''Her Royal Highness'' Princess Christina of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld |
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===Honours=== |
===Honours=== |
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====National honours==== |
====National honours==== |
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* Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion|Order of the Lion of the Netherlands]] |
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* {{flag|Netherlands}}: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rights-managed/42-46095143/king-willemalexander-investiture |title=Dutch Princess Christina leaves the Nieuwe Kerk after the investiture ceremony of King Willem-Alexander in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 30 April 2013 |website=Corbis |type=photo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305014949/http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rights-managed/42-46095143/king-willemalexander-investiture |archive-date=5 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anp-archief.nl/page/84560/nl |title=Luisterend naar de troonrede in de Haagse Ridderzaal vlnr: prinses Christina, mr.Pieter van Vollenhoven, prinses Margriet en prins Claus |website=ANP Historisch Archief Community |publisher=[[Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau]] |access-date=30 August 2016 }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | * Recipient of the [[Decorations and medals of the Netherlands|Silver Wedding Anniversary Medal of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard]] 1962 |
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* {{flag|Netherlands}}: Recipient of the [[Decorations and medals of the Netherlands|Silver Wedding Anniversary Medal of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard]] 1962<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/25th-wedding-anniversary-of-queen-juliana-and-prince-news-photo/78965040 |title=1962, 25th Wedding Anniversary of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, The group of dignitaries are pictured at the State Dinner |publisher=Getty Images |access-date=30 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919211301/http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/25th-wedding-anniversary-of-queen-juliana-and-prince-news-photo/78965040 |archive-date=19 September 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* Recipient of the [[Decorations and medals of the Netherlands|Wedding Medal]] of Princess Beatrix, Princess of Orange and [[Claus von Amsberg]] 1966 |
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<!--NEED RELIABLE SOURCES |
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* |
* Recipient of the [[Decorations and medals of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrix Inauguration Medal]] 1980 |
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* Recipient of the [[Decorations and medals of the Netherlands|Wedding Medal]] of Prince Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange and [[Máxima Zorreguieta]] 2002 |
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* Recipient of the [[Decorations and medals of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander Inauguration Medal]] 2013 |
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| ⚫ |
* |
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====Foreign honours==== |
====Foreign honours==== |
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* Luxembourg: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Oak Crown]] |
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* Kingdom of Nepal [[Shah dynasty|Nepalese Royal Family]]: Member Grand Cross of the [[Order of Tri Shakti Patta|Royal Order of the Three Divine Powers]] |
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==Ancestry== |
==Ancestry== |
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|1 = 1. '''Princess Christina of the Netherlands''' |
|1 = 1. '''Princess Christina of the Netherlands''' |
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|2 = 2. [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]] |
|2 = 2. [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]] |
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|9 = 9. [[Karoline of Wartensleben|Countess Karoline von Wartensleben]] |
|9 = 9. [[Karoline of Wartensleben|Countess Karoline von Wartensleben]] |
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|10 = 10. [[Baron Aschwin of Sierstorpff-Cramm|Baron Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm]] |
|10 = 10. [[Baron Aschwin of Sierstorpff-Cramm|Baron Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm]] |
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|11 = 11. |
|11 = 11. Baroness Hedwig von Sierstorpff-Driburg |
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|12 = 12. [[Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] |
|12 = 12. [[Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] |
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|13 = 13. [[Princess Marie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] |
|13 = 13. [[Princess Marie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] |
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[[Category:Dutch people of German descent]] |
[[Category:Dutch people of German descent]] |
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[[Category:Dutch people of Russian descent]] |
[[Category:Dutch people of Russian descent]] |
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[[Category:Dutch |
[[Category:Dutch women singers]] |
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[[Category:Dutch Roman Catholics]] |
[[Category:Dutch Roman Catholics]] |
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[[Category:Dutch music educators]] |
[[Category:Dutch music educators]] |
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[[Category:Dutch women music educators]] |
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[[Category:Dutch expatriates in the United States]] |
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Dutch expatriates in England]] |
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in England]] |
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[[Category:Montessori teachers]] |
[[Category:Montessori teachers]] |
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[[Category:House of Lippe]] |
[[Category:House of Lippe]] |
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[[Category:Royalty and nobility with disabilities]] |
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[[Category:Blind musicians]] |
[[Category:Blind musicians]] |
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[[Category:Blind educators]] |
[[Category:Blind educators]] |
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[[Category:Blind royalty and nobility]] |
[[Category:Blind royalty and nobility]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Dutch blind people]] |
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[[Category:Deaths from bone cancer]] |
[[Category:Deaths from bone cancer]] |
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[[Category:Deaths from cancer in the Netherlands]] |
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in the Netherlands]] |
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[[Category:Daughters of queens regnant]] |
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| Princess Christina | |||||
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Princess Christina in 1968
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| Born | Princess Maria Christina of the Netherlands (1947-02-18)18 February 1947 Soestdijk Palace, Baarn, Netherlands | ||||
| Died | 16 August 2019(2019-08-16) (aged 72) Noordeinde Palace, The Hague, Netherlands | ||||
| Spouse |
(m. 1975; div. 1996) | ||||
| Issue |
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| House | Orange-Nassau | ||||
| Father | Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld | ||||
| Mother | Juliana of the Netherlands | ||||
| Religion | Catholicism prev. Dutch Reformed | ||||
Princess Christina of the Netherlands (Maria Christina; 18 February 1947 – 16 August 2019)[1][2] was the youngest of four daughters of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She taught singing in New York and was a long-term supporter of the Youth Music Foundation in the Netherlands. Born visually impaired, she worked to share her knowledge of dance and sound therapy with the blind.
She renounced her and her descendants' rights to the throne before marrying Cuban exile Jorge Guillermo in 1975, and converted to Catholicism in 1992. The couple had three children and built up an extensive art collection, before they divorced in 1996. Christina died of bone cancer in 2019.
Princess Christina, who was known as Princess Marijke in her youth, was born on 18 February 1947, at Soestdijk Palace, Baarn, the Netherlands. Her parents were Crown Princess Juliana, the only child of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld.[3] At the time of her birth, she was fifth in the line to the throne after her mother and three older sisters: Princess Beatrix, Princess Irene and Princess Margriet.[3]
She was baptised on 9 October 1947 and her godparents included Queen Wilhelmina (her maternal grandmother), her eldest sister Princess Beatrix, Sir Winston Churchill (for whom her father stood proxy), her paternal grandmother Princess Armgard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince Felix of Luxembourg, and his niece Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma.[4][5]
On 4 September 1948, after a reign of nearly 58 years, Christina's grandmother Queen Wilhelmina (68) abdicated the throne and her mother was inaugurated as Queen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands on 6 September 1948.[6]
While her mother was pregnant with Christina, she contracted either measlesorrubella and as a result, Christina was born nearly blind. With medical treatment and custom eyeglasses, her vision improved to a point that she could attend school and live a relatively normal life.[7]
In 1963, she stopped using her first name Maria, from then on referring to herself merely as Christina. She graduated from secondary school (Amersfoort Lyceum) in 1965 and went on to [8] attend the University of Groningen where she studied teaching theory. At age 21 she moved to Canada to study classical music in at the École de musique Vincent-d’Indy in Montreal where she studied vocal teaching.[9]
While living in New York as Christina van Oranje, the Princess started a relationship with Cuban exile Jorge Guillermo.[3]
Although societal attitudes were changing, because Guillermo was a Catholic, it was still possible that a marriage could cause a public scandal in the Netherlands such as the one that occurred in 1964 when Christina's sister Princess Irene married the Catholic Prince Carlos Hugo of Bourbon-Parma. Accordingly, Princess Christina, at that time ninth in line for the Dutch throne, renounced her and her descendants' rights to the throne before officially announcing her engagement on St. Valentine's Day, 1975. She converted to Catholicism in 1992.[10]
The couple were married on 28 June 1975, civilly in Baarn and then religiously in an ecumenical ceremony in the Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht.[8] After their wedding, they lived in New York but later moved to the Netherlands, where they built Villa Eikenhorst [nl]inWassenaar, near The Hague.[10] The couple built up an extensive art collection.[11] They had three children:
By her request, the couple divorced on 25 April 1996.[8]
She began teaching singing in New York after completing her vocal teaching studies at the École de musique Vincent-d’Indy in Montreal. She recorded and released several CDs (classical, Broadway) in 2000 and 2002, and was a long-term supporter of the Youth Music Foundation in the Netherlands.[8] In 1989, she allowed her name to be used for the Prinses Christina Concours an annual competition held in the Netherlands to encourage the musical talents of children in the Netherlands.[8]
She performed at the marriage of her nephew Prince Bernhard Jr. and this was one of her few public performances.[8] She also sang at the funerals of both of her parents Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard in the New Church (Delft).[8]
She completed a dance therapist training and worked, in the later part of her career, with sound and dance therapy. She worked to share her knowledge in the fields of dance/sound therapy and physical contact, with the blind. She worked for the Visio foundation in the towns of Huizen and Breda to achieve this.[8]
Early 2019, Christina made headlines when she decided to sell several works of art. These works came to her through inheritance from the Dutch royal family: art lover William II of the Netherlands. Dutch institutions including the Museum Boymans Van Beuningen did not have enough funds to purchase the major piece of the auction, an anatomical drawing by Peter Paul Rubens. It was sold by Sotheby's for $8.2 million.[12]
In June 2018, it was announced that Princess Christina had been diagnosed with bone cancer.[13] She died on 16 August 2019, aged 72.[14] Her body was taken to Fagel's Garden Pavilion nearby Noordeinde Palace for a private service held on 22 August, and her remains were cremated.[15]
| Styles of Princess Christina of The Netherlands | |
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Media related to Princess Christina of the Netherlands at Wikimedia Commons|
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Generations are numbered by descent from William I, the first king of the Netherlands. | |
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1 also Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 2 also Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld 3 title granted by Royal Decree to descendants of Princess Irene | |
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