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==Description== |
==Description== |
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Beetles in the family are elongate with soft elytra. The elytra are often covered with rows of hairs. The margin of the eyes are not round but notched anteriorly. The head faces forward (prognathous) and the clypeal region is produced into a short flat snout. Each of the legs have five tarsi (5-5-4 in the [[Oedemeridae]]) with simple claws and a single spur on the pro-tibia. Male ''[[Idgia]]'' and ''[[Prionocerus]]'' have a comb on the inner edge of the distal tarsal segment of the foreleg.<ref name=champion>{{cite journal|title=The Malacoderm genera ''Prionocerus'' and ''Idgia'' and their sexual characters|author=Champion, G.C.|pages=325–372|url= https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof931919lond#page/324/mode/2up| year=1919| volume=9| issue=3| journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History}}</ref> The genera ''[[Nacerdes]]'' and ''[[Xanthochroa]]'' in the family [[Oedemeridae]] and some [[Cantharidae]] bear resemblance to some of the Prionoceridae.<ref name=hkeb>{{cite journal|author=Aston, Paul| title=Prionoceridae Lacordaire 1857 of Hong Kong and Guangdong Province, China (Coleoptera; Cleroidea)| journal=Hong Kong Entomological Bulletin|volume=3| issue=1|year=2011|pages=2–6 |url=https://archive.org/stream/HongKongEntomologicalBulletinVol3-1/HkebVol.31#page/n1/mode/1up}}</ref> |
Beetles in the family are elongate with soft elytra. The elytra are often covered with rows of hairs. The margin of the eyes are not round but notched anteriorly. The head faces forward (prognathous) and the clypeal region is produced into a short flat snout. Each of the legs have five tarsi (5-5-4 in the [[Oedemeridae]]) with simple claws and a single spur on the pro-tibia. Male ''[[Idgia]]'' and ''[[Prionocerus]]'' have a comb on the inner edge of the distal tarsal segment of the foreleg.<ref name=champion>{{cite journal|title=The Malacoderm genera ''Prionocerus'' and ''Idgia'' and their sexual characters|author=Champion, G.C.|pages=325–372|url= https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof931919lond#page/324/mode/2up| year=1919| volume=9| issue=3| journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History|doi=10.1080/00222931908673830}}</ref> The genera ''[[Nacerdes]]'' and ''[[Xanthochroa]]'' in the family [[Oedemeridae]] and some [[Cantharidae]] bear resemblance to some of the Prionoceridae.<ref name=hkeb>{{cite journal|author=Aston, Paul| title=Prionoceridae Lacordaire 1857 of Hong Kong and Guangdong Province, China (Coleoptera; Cleroidea)| journal=Hong Kong Entomological Bulletin|volume=3| issue=1|year=2011|pages=2–6 |url=https://archive.org/stream/HongKongEntomologicalBulletinVol3-1/HkebVol.31#page/n1/mode/1up}}</ref> |
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Members of the family were formerly included as a subfamily within the closely related [[Melyridae]] (the genus ''[[Lobonyx]]'' in [[Dasytinae]]). The fossil record of Prionoceridae has been recorded from the Middle Jurassic [[Tiaojishan Formation|Daohugou beds]] of China (''[[Idgiaites jurassicus]]''), the [[Cenomanian]] [[Burmese amber]] (''[[Cretaidgia burmensis]]'')<ref name="burmamb21">{{Cite journal|last1=Zhao |first1=Y. |last2=Liu |first2=Z. |last3=Yu |first3=Y. |last4=Shih |first4=C. |last5=Ślipiński |first5=A. |last6=Ren |first6=D. |title=First species of Prionoceridae from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) |year=2021 |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume= |
Members of the family were formerly included as a subfamily within the closely related [[Melyridae]] (the genus ''[[Lobonyx]]'' in [[Dasytinae]]). The fossil record of Prionoceridae has been recorded from the Middle Jurassic [[Tiaojishan Formation|Daohugou beds]] of China (''[[Idgiaites jurassicus]]''), the [[Cenomanian]] [[Burmese amber]] (''[[Cretaidgia burmensis]]'')<ref name="burmamb21">{{Cite journal|last1=Zhao |first1=Y. |last2=Liu |first2=Z. |last3=Yu |first3=Y. |last4=Shih |first4=C. |last5=Ślipiński |first5=A. |last6=Ren |first6=D. |title=First species of Prionoceridae from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) |year=2021 |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=133 |pages=Article 105118 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105118 |s2cid=245058205 }}</ref> and [[Ypresian]] [[Hat creek Amber]] from Canada (''[[Prionocerites tattriei]]'').<ref name="Prionocerites2008">{{cite journal |last1=Lawrence |first1=J.F. |last2=Archibald |first2=S.B. |last3=Ślipiński |first3=A. |year=2008 |title=A new species of Prionoceridae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) from the Eocene of British Columbia, Canada |journal=Annales Zoologici |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=689–693 |doi=10.3161/000345408X396620 |s2cid=55873252 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| journal=Annales Zoologici |volume=65| issue=1|pages=41–52|year= 2015|doi=10.3161/00034541ANZ2015.65.1.004| title=The Oldest Prionoceridae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) from the Middle Jurassic of China|author1=Liu, Zhenhua |author2=Ślipiński, Adam |author3= Leschen, Richard A. B. |author4= Ren, Dong |author5= Pang, Hong |s2cid=85113150}}</ref><ref name=china /> |
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[[File:Idgia sp. from Sri Lanka.jpg|thumb|right|Idgia sp. from Sri Lanka]] |
[[File:Idgia sp. from Sri Lanka.jpg|thumb|right|Idgia sp. from Sri Lanka]] |
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== Diversity == |
== Diversity == |
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There are around 150 species in three genera; ''[[Idgia]]'' |
There are around 150 species in three genera; ''[[Idgia]]'' {{small|Laporte, 1836}} (Palaeotropical), ''[[Lobonyx]]'' {{small|Jacquelin du Val, 1859}}<ref>{{cite book|author=Constantin R.|year=2009|chapter= A revision of the genus ''Lobonyx'' Jacquelin du Val, 1859, of Central Asia, with the description of a new species from Nepal (Insecta: Coleoptera, Prionoceridae)|pages= 299–311| editor=Hartmann M, Weipert J | title=Biodiversität und Naturausstattung im Himalaya, Band 3|publisher=Verein der Freunde & Förderer des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt e.V.|place=Erfurt}}</ref> (mostly Palaearctic), and ''[[Prionocerus]]'' {{small|Perty, 1831}}.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://borneobeetles.myspecies.info/sites/borneobeetles.myspecies.info/files/2010_Geiser%20Prioniceridae.pdf|author=Geiser, Michael| year=2010| title=Studies on Prionoceridae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea). II. A revision of the genus Prionocerus Perty, 1831| journal=Zootaxa|volume=2328|pages=1–48|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2328.1.1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://biogeography.unibas.ch/PDF/2007_Geiser_PrionocerusfromSumatra.pdf|author=Geiser, M. |year=2007| title=Studies on Prionoceridae (Coleoptera, Cleroidea). I. A new species of Prionocerus Perty, 1831 from Sumatra.|journal= Entomologica Basiliensia et Collectionis Frey|volume=29| pages=167–170}}</ref> |
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The following is a partial list of the species that have been described (the generic placement and validity are unverified and likely to be out of date): |
The following is a partial list of the species that have been described (the generic placement and validity are unverified and likely to be out of date): |
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*†''[[Cretaidgia]]'' {{small|Zhao, Liu & Yu, 2021}}<ref name="burmamb21"/> |
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* ''Idgia abdominalis'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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**†''[[Cretaidgia|C. burmensis]]'' {{small|Zhao, Liu & Yu, 2021}} |
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* ''Idgia abyssinica'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> (Ethiopia) |
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* |
*''[[Idgia]]'' {{small|Laporte, 1836}} |
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** See genus article |
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* ''Idgia andrewesi'' <small>Bourgeois, 1907</small> |
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*†''[[Idgiaites]]'' |
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* ''Idgia angustata'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> (N. Borneo) |
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**†''[[Idgiaites|I. jurassicus]]'' |
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* ''Idgia apicalis'' <small>(Gerstacker, 1871)</small> |
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*''[[Lobonyx]]'' {{small|Jacquelin du Val, 1859}} |
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* ''Idgia apicata'' <small>Gorham, 1895</small> (Singapore) |
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* |
**''[[Lobonyx aeneus|L. aeneus]]'' {{small|(Fabricius, 1787)}} |
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**''[[Lobonyx gracilis|L. gracilis]]'' {{small|Reitter, 1872}} |
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* ''Idgia ardesica'' <small>Pic, 1908</small> (China) |
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**''[[Lobonyx guerryi|L. guerryi]]'' {{small|(Pic, 1920)}}<ref name=china>{{cite journal| journal=Entomotaxonomia | year=2012| volume= 34|issue=2|pages= 378–390| title= A little-known beetle family in China, Prionoceridae Lacordaire, 1857 (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) | author1=Yuxia, Yang| author2=Geiser, Michael| author3=Xingk, Yang|url=https://biogeography.unibas.ch/PDF/2012_Yang,%20Geiser%20&%20Yang.pdf}}</ref> |
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* ''Idgia assimilis'' <small>(Hope, 1831)</small> |
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**''[[Lobonyx thoracicus|L. thoracicus]]'' {{small|Majer, 1990}} |
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* ''Idgia asirensis'' <small>Wittmer, 1980</small> |
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*†''[[Prionocerites]]'' {{small|Lawrence, Archibald, & Ślipiński, 2008}} |
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* ''Idgia atricornis'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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**†''[[Prionocerites|P. tattriei]]'' {{small|Lawrence, Archibald, & Ślipiński, 2008}}<ref name="Prionocerites2008"/> |
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* ''Idgia bagorensis'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* |
*''[[Prionocerus]]'' {{small|Perty, 1831}} |
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**''[[Prionocerus bicolor|P. bicolor]]'' {{small|Redtenbacher, 1868}} |
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* ''Idgia belli'' <small>Gorham, 1895</small> (S. India) |
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**''[[Prionocerus caeruleipennis|P. caeruleipennis]]'' {{small|Perty, 1831}} |
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* ''Idgia bimaculata'' <small>Pic, 1910</small> (China) |
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**''[[Prionocerus championi|P. championi]]'' {{small|Geiser, 2010}} |
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* ''Idgia caeruliventris'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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**''[[Prionocerus malaysiacus|P. malaysiacus]]'' {{small|Geiser, 2010}} |
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* ''Idgia cavilabris'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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**''[[Prionocerus paiensis|P. paiensis]]'' {{small|Geiser, 2010 }} |
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* ''Idgia chloroptera'' <small>Redtenbacher, 1868</small> |
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* |
**''[[Prionocerus opacipennis|P. opacipennis]]'' {{small|(Pic, 1920)}} |
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**''[[Prionocerus viridiflavus|P. viridiflavus]]'' {{small|Geiser, 2007}} |
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* ''Idgia confusa'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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**''[[Prionocerus wittmeri|P. wittmeri]]'' {{small|Geiser, 2010}} |
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* ''Idgia costata'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia costulata'' <small> Pic, 1941</small> |
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* ''Idgia curticeps'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia cyanea'' <small>Pic, 1906</small> |
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* ''Idgia cyanocephala'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia cyanipennis'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia cyanura'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> (Sri Lanka) |
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* ''Idgia dasytoides'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia decolor'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia deusta'' <small>Fairmaire, 1878</small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia dichroa'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia dimelaena'' <small>(Walker, 1859)</small> |
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* ''Idgia dimidiata'' <small>(Gerstacker, 1871)</small> |
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* ''Idgia diversiceps'' <small>Pic, 1925</small> |
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* ''Idgia dohertyi'' <small>Pic, 1912</small> |
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* ''Idgia dubia'' <small>Gyll., 1808</small> |
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* ''Idgia elongaticeps'' <small>Pic, 1923</small> |
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* ''Idgia femorata'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia flavibuccis'' <small>Bourgeois, 1892</small> |
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* ''Idgia flavicollis'' <small>Redtenbacher, 1878</small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia flavirostris'' <small>Pascoe, 1860</small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia flavithorax'' <small>Pic, 1927</small> |
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* ''Idgia flavilabris'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia flavolimbata'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia foveifrons'' <small> Fairmaire, 1900 </small> |
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* ''Idgia fruhstorferi'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> (Java) |
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* ''Idgia fulvicollis'' <small>Reichenbach, 1849</small> |
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* ''Idgia geniculata'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia gorhami'' <small>Pic, 1911</small> |
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* ''Idgia grandis'' <small>Pic, 1935</small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia granulipennis'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia griseolineata'' <small>Pic, 1934</small> |
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* ''Idgia haemorrhoidalis'' <small>Pic, 1906</small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia hoffmanni'' <small>Gressitt, 1939</small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia huegeli'' <small>(Redtenbacher, 1868)</small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia humeralifer'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia incerta'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia indicola'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> (Nilgiris) |
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* ''Idgia iriomoteana'' <small>Nakane, 1980</small> |
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* ''Idgia javana'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia laticornis'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> (Arabia) |
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* ''Idgia lineata'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia longicollis'' <small>Pic, 1925</small> |
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* ''Idgia longipalpis'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> (Ethiopia) |
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* ''Idgia longipes'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia longissima'' <small>Pic, 1909</small> |
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* ''Idgia luteipes'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> (Nilgiris) |
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* ''Idgia luzonica'' <small>Pic, 1924</small> |
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* ''Idgia melanocephala'' <small>(Fabricius, 1781)</small> |
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* ''Idgia maculicornis'' <small>Pic, 1925</small> |
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* ''Idgia maculiventris'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia maindroni'' <small>Pic, 1909</small> (Western Ghats) |
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* ''Idgia major'' <small>Pic, 1908</small> |
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* ''Idgia marginata'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia mindanaosa'' <small>Pic, 1947</small> |
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* ''Idgia melanura'' <small>Kollar & Redtenbacher, 1844</small> |
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* ''Idgia minuta'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia moupinensis'' <small>Fairmaire, 1889 </small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia nilgirica'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia nitida'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> (Pakistan) |
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* ''Idgia obscurimembris'' <small>Pic, 1923</small> |
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* ''Idgia oculata'' <small>Redtenbacher, 1868</small> (China, Vietnam) |
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* ''Idgia oedemeroides'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia opacipennis'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia pallidicolor'' <small>Pic, 1906</small> |
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* ''Idgia parlicularipes'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia particularicornis'' <small>Pic, 1939</small> |
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* ''Idgia plectrophora'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia revoili'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia rostrifera'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> (Anamalai hills, India) |
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* ''Idgia rouyeri'' <small>Pic, 1906</small> |
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* ''Idgia semitecta'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia stamperi'' <small>Pic, 1924</small> |
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* ''Idgia subparallela'' <small>Pic, 1920</small> |
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* ''Idgia terminata'' <small>Cast., 1840</small> |
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* ''Idgia testaceipes'' <small>Pic, 1908</small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia thibetana'' <small>(Obenberger, 1918)</small> |
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* ''Idgia uncigera'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia ungulata'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia varicornis'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia varipes'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Idgia virescens'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> (China) |
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* ''Idgia viridivittata'' <small>Champion, 1919</small> |
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* ''Lobonyx aeneus'' <small>(Fabricius, 1787)</small> |
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* ''Lobonyx gracilis'' <small>Reitter, 1872</small> |
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* ''Lobonyx guerryi'' <small>(Pic, 1920)</small><ref name=china>{{cite journal| journal=Entomotaxonomia | year=2012| volume= 34|issue=2|pages= 378–390| title= A little-known beetle family in China, Prionoceridae Lacordaire, 1857 (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) | author1=Yuxia, Yang| author2=Geiser, Michael| author3=Xingk, Yang|url=https://biogeography.unibas.ch/PDF/2012_Yang,%20Geiser%20&%20Yang.pdf}}</ref> |
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* ''Lobonyx thoracicus'' <small>Majer, 1990</small> |
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* ''Prionocerus caeruleipennis'' <small>Perty, 1831</small> |
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* ''Prionocerus bicolor'' <small>Redtenbacher, 1868</small> |
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* ''Prionocerus paiensis'' <small>Geiser, 2010 </small> |
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* ''Prionocerus viridiflavus'' <small>Geiser, 2007</small> |
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* ''Prionocerus malaysiacus'' <small>Geiser, 2010</small> |
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* ''Prionocerus championi'' <small>Geiser, 2010</small> |
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* ''Prionocerus opacipennis'' <small>(Pic, 1920)</small> |
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* ''Prionocerus wittmeri'' <small>Geiser, 2010</small> |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q264839}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Prionoceridae| ]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Polyphaga families]] |
Prionoceridae
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![]() | |
Idgia belli from India | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Suborder: | Polyphaga |
Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
Superfamily: | Cleroidea |
Family: | Prionoceridae Lacordaire, 1857 |
Prionoceridae is a small family of beetles, in the suborder Polyphaga. They form a group within the cleroid beetles and were formerly treated as a subfamily (Prionocerinae) within the family Melyridae. Very little is known of their life history but most species are pollen feeders as adults and occur in large numbers during spring or the host flowering season. Larvae are predatory or feed on decomposing wood.
Beetles in the family are elongate with soft elytra. The elytra are often covered with rows of hairs. The margin of the eyes are not round but notched anteriorly. The head faces forward (prognathous) and the clypeal region is produced into a short flat snout. Each of the legs have five tarsi (5-5-4 in the Oedemeridae) with simple claws and a single spur on the pro-tibia. Male Idgia and Prionocerus have a comb on the inner edge of the distal tarsal segment of the foreleg.[1] The genera Nacerdes and Xanthochroa in the family Oedemeridae and some Cantharidae bear resemblance to some of the Prionoceridae.[2]
Members of the family were formerly included as a subfamily within the closely related Melyridae (the genus LobonyxinDasytinae). The fossil record of Prionoceridae has been recorded from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds of China (Idgiaites jurassicus), the Cenomanian Burmese amber (Cretaidgia burmensis)[3] and Ypresian Hat creek Amber from Canada (Prionocerites tattriei).[4][5][6]
There are around 150 species in three genera; Idgia Laporte, 1836 (Palaeotropical), Lobonyx Jacquelin du Val, 1859[7] (mostly Palaearctic), and Prionocerus Perty, 1831.[8][9]
The following is a partial list of the species that have been described (the generic placement and validity are unverified and likely to be out of date):
Prionoceridae |
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