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{{Short description|Publication to which one can refer for confirmed facts}} |
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{{About|a kind of publication|the work that librarians perform at a library reference desk| |
{{About|a kind of publication|the work that librarians perform at a library reference desk|Reference desk}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}} |
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[[File:2010-09 CPOV IMG 6251.JPG|thumb|The ''[[Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]'', the best-known traditional reference book in German-speaking countries]] |
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[[File:2010-09 CPOV IMG 6251.JPG|thumb|The {{Lang|de|[[Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]}}, the best-known traditional reference book in German-speaking countries]] |
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[[File:LexikondesMittelalters.JPG|thumb|The {{Lang|de|[[Lexikon des Mittelalters]]}}, a specialised German encyclopedia]] |
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[[File:Encyclopaedia Britannica 15 with 2002.jpg|thumb|''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', 15th edition: volumes of the Propedia (green), Micropedia (red), Macropedia (black), and 2-volume Index (blue)]] |
[[File:Encyclopaedia Britannica 15 with 2002.jpg|thumb|''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', 15th edition: volumes of the Propedia (green), Micropedia (red), Macropedia (black), and 2-volume Index (blue)]] |
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A '''reference work''' is a work, such as a [[book]] or [[periodical literature|periodical]] (or [[electronic publishing| |
A '''reference work''' is a [[non-fiction]] work, such as a [[Academic publishing#Scholarly paper|paper]], [[book]] or [[periodical literature|periodical]] (or their [[electronic publishing|electronic equivalents]]), to which one can refer for [[information]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reference|encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster Dictionary|title=Reference |access-date=29 November 2019}}</ref> The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually ''referred'' to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative; the authors avoid opinions and the use of the first person, and emphasize facts. |
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[[Index (publishing)|Indices]] are a common navigation feature in many types of reference works. Many reference works are put together by a team of contributors whose work is coordinated by one or more editors, rather than by an individual author. Updated [[edition (book)|edition]]s are usually published as needed, in some cases [[annual publication|annually]] (''[[Whitaker's Almanack]]'', ''[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]''). |
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Reference works include [[almanac]]s, [[atlas]]es, [[bibliography|bibliographies]], [[biographical dictionary|biographical sources]], [[cataloging|catalogs]] such as [[library catalog]]s and art catalogs, [[concordance (publishing)|concordances]], [[dictionary|dictionaries]], directories such as [[business directory|business directories]] and [[telephone directory|telephone directories]], [[discography|discographies]], [[Encyclopedia|encyclopedias]], [[filmography|filmographies]], [[gazetteer|gazetteers]], [[glossary|glossaries]], [[handbook]]s, indices such as [[bibliographic index|bibliographic indices]] and [[citation index|citation indices]], [[user guide|manuals]], [[pathfinder (library science)|research guides]], [[thesaurus]]es, and [[yearbook]]s.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Reference book|last=Reitz|first=Joan M.|encyclopedia=Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science|date=10 January 2013|access-date=29 November 2019|url=https:// |
Reference works include [[textbook]]s, [[almanac]]s, [[atlas]]es, [[bibliography|bibliographies]], [[biographical dictionary|biographical sources]], [[cataloging|catalogs]] such as [[library catalog]]s and art catalogs, [[concordance (publishing)|concordances]], [[dictionary|dictionaries]], directories such as [[business directory|business directories]] and [[telephone directory|telephone directories]], [[discography|discographies]], [[Encyclopedia|encyclopedias]], [[filmography|filmographies]], [[gazetteer|gazetteers]], [[glossary|glossaries]], [[handbook]]s, indices such as [[bibliographic index|bibliographic indices]] and [[citation index|citation indices]], [[user guide|manuals]], [[pathfinder (library science)|research guides]], [[thesaurus]]es, and [[yearbook]]s.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Reference book|last=Reitz|first=Joan M.|encyclopedia=Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science|date=10 January 2013|access-date=29 November 2019|url=https://products.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_r#refbook}}</ref> Many reference works are available in electronic form and can be obtained as [[reference software]], [[CD-ROM]]s, [[DVD]]s, or online through the [[Internet]]. [[Wikipedia]], an [[online encyclopedia]], is both the largest and the most-read reference work in history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher |title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher |date=9 January 2021 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=May 31, 2021 |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231224550/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==Reference book== |
==Reference book== |
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* [[Abstract (summary)|Abstracting journal]] – a published summary of articles, theses, reviews, conference proceedings etc. arranged systematically |
* [[Abstract (summary)|Abstracting journal]] – a published summary of articles, theses, reviews, conference proceedings etc. arranged systematically |
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* [[Almanac]] – an annual publication listing a set of current, general or specific |
* [[Almanac]] – an annual publication, listing a set of current, general or specific information about one or multiple subjects |
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* [[Annals]] – concise historical record in which events are arranged chronologically |
* [[Annals]] – concise historical record in which events are arranged chronologically |
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* [[Atlas]] – a collection of maps traditionally been bound into book form |
* [[Atlas]] – a collection of maps traditionally been bound into book form |
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* [[Compendium]] – a concise collection of information pertaining to a body of knowledge |
* [[Compendium]] – a concise collection of information pertaining to a body of knowledge |
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* [[Concordance (publishing)|Concordance]] – an alphabetical list of the principal words used in a book or body of work |
* [[Concordance (publishing)|Concordance]] – an alphabetical list of the principal words used in a book or body of work |
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* [[Dictionary]] – a list of words from one or more languages, systematically arranged and giving meanings etymologies etc. |
* [[Dictionary]] – a list of words from one or more languages, systematically arranged and giving meanings, etymologies etc. |
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* [[wikt:digest#Noun|Digest]] – a summary of information on a particular subject |
* [[wikt:digest#Noun|Digest]] – a summary of information on a particular subject |
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* [[wikt:directory#Noun|Directory]] – a systematically arranged list of names, addresses, products, etc. |
* [[wikt:directory#Noun|Directory]] – a systematically arranged list of names, addresses, products, etc. |
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* [[Ready reckoner]] – a printed book or table containing pre-calculated values |
* [[Ready reckoner]] – a printed book or table containing pre-calculated values |
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* [[Catalogues of classical compositions#Thematic catalogue|Thematic catalogue]] – an index used to identify musical compositions through the citation of the opening notes |
* [[Catalogues of classical compositions#Thematic catalogue|Thematic catalogue]] – an index used to identify musical compositions through the citation of the opening notes |
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* [[Textbook]] – a reference work containing information about a subject |
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* [[Thesaurus]] – a reference work for finding synonyms and sometimes antonyms of words |
* [[Thesaurus]] – a reference work for finding synonyms and sometimes antonyms of words |
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* [[Timetable]] – a published list of schedules giving times for transportation or other events |
* [[Timetable]] – a published list of schedules giving times for transportation or other events |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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=== General === |
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*{{cite book |editor-last=Higgens |editor-first=Gavin |title=Printed Reference Material |series=Handbooks on Library Practice |publisher=Library Association |location=London |year=1984 |edition=2nd revised |isbn=978-0853659952}} |
*{{cite book |editor-last=Higgens |editor-first=Gavin |title=Printed Reference Material |series=Handbooks on Library Practice |publisher=Library Association |location=London |year=1984 |edition=2nd revised |isbn=978-0853659952}} |
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*{{cite book |last=Katz |first=William A. |title=Introduction to Reference Work, Volume 1: Basic Information Services |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=2001 |edition=8th |isbn=978-0072441079}} |
*{{cite book |last=Katz |first=William A. |author-link=William Katz (librarian) |title=Introduction to Reference Work, Volume 1: Basic Information Services |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=2001 |edition=8th |isbn=978-0072441079}} |
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*{{cite book |last=Katz |first=William A. |title=Introduction to Reference Work, Volume 2: Reference Services and Reference Processes |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=2001 |edition=8th |isbn=978-0072441437 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontore00will_0 }} |
*{{cite book |last=Katz |first=William A. |title=Introduction to Reference Work, Volume 2: Reference Services and Reference Processes |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=2001 |edition=8th |isbn=978-0072441437 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontore00will_0 }} |
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*{{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Jack |title=You Could Look It Up: The Reference Shelf From Ancient Babylon to Wikipedia |publisher=Bloomsbury Press|location=New York |year=2016 |isbn=978-0802777522}} |
*{{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Jack |title=You Could Look It Up: The Reference Shelf From Ancient Babylon to Wikipedia |publisher=Bloomsbury Press|location=New York |year=2016 |isbn=978-0802777522}} |
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=== Guides to reference works === |
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*{{cite book |editor-last=Chenoweth |editor-first=Juneal M. |title=American Reference Books Annual |date=24 June 2019 |publisher=Libraries Unlimited |location=Santa Barbara, California |isbn=978-1-4408-6913-6}} Published annually beginning in 1970. |
*{{cite book |editor-last=Chenoweth |editor-first=Juneal M. |title=American Reference Books Annual |date=24 June 2019 |publisher=Libraries Unlimited |location=Santa Barbara, California |isbn=978-1-4408-6913-6}} Published annually beginning in 1970. |
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*{{cite book |last=Heeks |first=Peggy |title=Books of Reference for School Libraries: An Annotated List |publisher=Library Association |location=London |asin=B0006C36OO |year=1968 |edition=2nd}} |
*{{cite book |last=Heeks |first=Peggy |title=Books of Reference for School Libraries: An Annotated List |publisher=Library Association |location=London |asin=B0006C36OO |year=1968 |edition=2nd}} |
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*{{cite book |last=Sheehy |first=Eugene P. |author-link=Eugene P. Sheehy |title=[[Guide to Reference|Guide to Reference Books]] |publisher=American Library Association |location=Chicago |isbn=978-0838902059 |year=1976 |edition=9th}} Originally compiled by [[Alice B. Kroeger]] for first two editions beginning in 1902. Subsequently, edited by [[Isadore Gilbert Mudge]] (3rd through 6th editions) and [[Constance Mabel Winchell]] (7th and 8th editions). |
*{{cite book |last=Sheehy |first=Eugene P. |author-link=Eugene P. Sheehy |title=[[Guide to Reference|Guide to Reference Books]] |publisher=American Library Association |location=Chicago |isbn=978-0838902059 |year=1976 |edition=9th}} Originally compiled by [[Alice B. Kroeger]] for first two editions beginning in 1902. Subsequently, edited by [[Isadore Gilbert Mudge]] (3rd through 6th editions) and [[Constance Mabel Winchell]] (7th and 8th editions). |
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*{{cite book |last1=Totok |first1=Wilhelm |last2=Weitzel | first2=Rolf|title=Handbuch der bibliographischen Nachschlagewerke |publisher=Klostermann |location=Frankfurt am Main |year=1984–1985 |edition=6th |language=German}} First published in 1954. |
*{{cite book |last1=Totok |first1=Wilhelm |last2=Weitzel | first2=Rolf|title=Handbuch der bibliographischen Nachschlagewerke |publisher=Klostermann |location=Frankfurt am Main |year=1984–1985 |edition=6th |language=German}} First published in 1954. |
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*{{cite book |editor-last=Walford |editor-first=A. J. |title=Walford's Guide to Reference Material, Volume 1: Science and Technology |publisher=Library Association |location=London |year=1980 |isbn=9780853656111 |edition=4th |url=https://archive.org/details/walfordsguidetor01libr |url-access=registration}} |
*{{cite book |editor-last=Walford |editor-first=A. J. |title=Walford's Guide to Reference Material, Volume 1: Science and Technology |publisher=Library Association |location=London |year=1980 |isbn=9780853656111 |edition=4th |author-link=John Walford (librarian) |url=https://archive.org/details/walfordsguidetor01libr |url-access=registration}} |
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*{{cite book |editor-last1=Walford |editor-first1=A. J. |editor-last2=Taylor |editor-first2=L. J. |title=Walford's Guide to Reference Material, Volume 2: Generalia, Language and Literature, The Arts |publisher=Library Association |location=London |year=1987 |edition=4th |url=https://archive.org/details/walfordsguidetor00ajwa |url-access=registration}} |
*{{cite book |editor-last1=Walford |editor-first1=A. J. |editor-last2=Taylor |editor-first2=L. J. |title=Walford's Guide to Reference Material, Volume 2: Generalia, Language and Literature, The Arts |publisher=Library Association |location=London |year=1987 |edition=4th |url=https://archive.org/details/walfordsguidetor00ajwa |url-access=registration}} |
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*{{cite book|editor=Walford, A. J.|title= Walford's Concise Guide to Reference Material|location= London |publisher= Library Association |date= 1981}} (an abridgement of Walford's Guide) |
*{{cite book|editor=Walford, A. J.|title= Walford's Concise Guide to Reference Material|location= London |publisher= Library Association |date= 1981}} (an abridgement of Walford's Guide) |
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==External links== |
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* {{Commonscatinline|Reference works}} |
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{{Lexicography}} |
{{Lexicography}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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Areference work is a non-fiction work, such as a paper, bookorperiodical (or their electronic equivalents), to which one can refer for information.[1] The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually referred to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative; the authors avoid opinions and the use of the first person, and emphasize facts.
Indices are a common navigation feature in many types of reference works. Many reference works are put together by a team of contributors whose work is coordinated by one or more editors, rather than by an individual author. Updated editions are usually published as needed, in some cases annually (Whitaker's Almanack, Who's Who).
Reference works include textbooks, almanacs, atlases, bibliographies, biographical sources, catalogs such as library catalogs and art catalogs, concordances, dictionaries, directories such as business directories and telephone directories, discographies, encyclopedias, filmographies, gazetteers, glossaries, handbooks, indices such as bibliographic indices and citation indices, manuals, research guides, thesauruses, and yearbooks.[2] Many reference works are available in electronic form and can be obtained as reference software, CD-ROMs, DVDs, or online through the Internet. Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, is both the largest and the most-read reference work in history.[3]
In contrast to books that are loaned, a reference book or reference-only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library and may not be borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works (in the first sense), which are, usually, used briefly or photocopied from, and therefore, do not need to be borrowed.[citation needed] Keeping reference books in the library assures that they will always be available for use on demand. Some reference-only books are too valuable to permit borrowers to take them out. Reference-only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from circulating items. Some libraries consist entirely, or to a large extent, of books which may not be borrowed.
These are the main types and categories of reference work:
An electronic resource is a computer programordata that is stored electronically, which is usually found on a computer, including information that is available on the Internet.[4] Libraries offer numerous types of electronic resources including electronic texts such as electronic books and electronic journals, bibliographic databases, institutional repositories, websites, and software applications.[4]
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