Geo-astrophysics formulas
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Reverting edit(s) by 131.226.112.38 (talk) to rev. 1172192179 by Fragrant Peony: Vandalism (RW 16.1)
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[[File:2010-09 CPOV IMG 6251.JPG|thumb|The {{Lang|de|[[Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]}}, the best-known traditional reference book in German-speaking countries]] |
[[File:2010-09 CPOV IMG 6251.JPG|thumb|The {{Lang|de|[[Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]}}, the best-known traditional reference book in German-speaking countries]] |
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[[File:LexikondesMittelalters.JPG|thumb|The {{Lang|de|[[Lexikon des Mittelalters]]}}, a specialised German encyclopedia]] |
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[[File:Encyclopaedia Britannica 15 with 2002.jpg|thumb|''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', 15th edition: volumes of the Propedia (green), Micropedia (red), |
[[File:Encyclopaedia Britannica 15 with 2002.jpg|thumb|''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', 15th edition: volumes of the Propedia (green), Micropedia (red), Macropedia (black), and 2-volume Index (blue)]] |
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A '''reference work''' is a [[non-fiction]] work, such as a [[Academic publishing#Scholarly paper|paper]], [[book]] or [[periodical literature|periodical]] (or [[electronic publishing|their electronic equivalent]]s), to which one can refer for [[information]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reference|encyclopedia=The Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary|title=Reference|publisher=Merriam-Webster Inc.|access-date=29 November 2019}}</ref> The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually ''referred'' to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative; the authors avoid use of the first person, and emphasize facts. |
A '''reference work''' is a [[non-fiction]] work, such as a [[Academic publishing#Scholarly paper|paper]], [[book]] or [[periodical literature|periodical]] (or [[electronic publishing|their electronic equivalent]]s), to which one can refer for [[information]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reference|encyclopedia=The Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary|title=Reference|publisher=Merriam-Webster Inc.|access-date=29 November 2019}}</ref> The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually ''referred'' to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative; the authors avoid use of the first person, and emphasize facts. |
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[[index (publishing)|Indices]] are a common navigation feature in many types of reference works. Many reference works are put together by a team of contributors whose work is coordinated by one or more editors, rather than by an individual author. Updated [[edition (book)|edition]]s are usually published as needed, in some cases [[annual publication|annually]] (''[[Whitaker's Almanack]]'', ''[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]''). |
[[index (publishing)|Indices]] are a common navigation feature in many types of reference works. Many reference works are put together by a team of contributors whose work is coordinated by one or more editors, rather than by an individual author. Updated [[edition (book)|edition]]s are usually published as needed, in some cases [[annual publication|annually]] (''[[Whitaker's Almanack]]'', ''[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]''). |
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Geo-astrophysics formulas |
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Reference works include [[textbook]]s, [[almanac]]s, [[atlas]]es, [[bibliography|bibliographies]], [[biographical dictionary|biographical |
Reference works include [[textbook]]s, [[almanac]]s, [[atlas]]es, [[bibliography|bibliographies]], [[biographical dictionary|biographical sources]], [[cataloging|catalogs]] such as [[library catalog]]s and art catalogs, [[concordance (publishing)|concordances]], [[dictionary|dictionaries]], directories such as [[business directory|business directories]] and [[telephone directory|telephone directories]], [[discography|discographies]], [[Encyclopedia|encyclopedias]], [[filmography|filmographies]], [[gazetteer|gazetteers]], [[glossary|glossaries]], [[handbook]]s, indices such as [[bibliographic index|bibliographic indices]] and [[citation index|citation indices]], [[user guide|manuals]], [[pathfinder (library science)|research guides]], [[thesaurus]]es, and [[yearbook]]s.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Reference book|last=Reitz|first=Joan M.|encyclopedia=Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science|date=10 January 2013|access-date=29 November 2019|url=https://products.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_r#refbook}}</ref> Many reference works are available in electronic form and can be obtained as [[reference software]], [[CD-ROM]]s, [[DVD]]s, or online through the [[Internet]]. [[Wikipedia]], an [[online encyclopedia]], is both the largest and the most-read reference work in history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher |title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher |date=9 January 2021 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=May 31, 2021 |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231224550/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==Reference book== |
==Reference book== |
Areference work is a non-fiction work, such as a paper, bookorperiodical (ortheir electronic equivalents), to which one can refer for information.[1] The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually referred to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative; the authors avoid use of the first person, and emphasize facts.
Indices are a common navigation feature in many types of reference works. Many reference works are put together by a team of contributors whose work is coordinated by one or more editors, rather than by an individual author. Updated editions are usually published as needed, in some cases annually (Whitaker's Almanack, Who's Who).
Reference works include textbooks, almanacs, atlases, bibliographies, biographical sources, catalogs such as library catalogs and art catalogs, concordances, dictionaries, directories such as business directories and telephone directories, discographies, encyclopedias, filmographies, gazetteers, glossaries, handbooks, indices such as bibliographic indices and citation indices, manuals, research guides, thesauruses, and yearbooks.[2] Many reference works are available in electronic form and can be obtained as reference software, CD-ROMs, DVDs, or online through the Internet. Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, is both the largest and the most-read reference work in history.[3]
In contrast to books that are loaned, a reference book or reference-only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library and may not be borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works (in the first sense), which are, usually, used briefly or photocopied from, and therefore, do not need to be borrowed.[citation needed] Keeping reference books in the library assures that they will always be available for use on demand. Some reference-only books are too valuable to permit borrowers to take them out. Reference-only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from circulating items. Some libraries consist entirely, or to a large extent, of books which may not be borrowed.
These are the main types and categories of reference work:
An electronic resource is a computer programordata that is stored electronically, which is usually found on a computer, including information that is available on the Internet.[4] Libraries offer numerous types of electronic resources including electronic texts such as electronic books and electronic journals, bibliographic databases, institutional repositories, websites, and software applications.[4]
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