Road cycling: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Form of cycling including recreational, racing, and utility cycling}}

[[File:20220424 Liege Bastogne Liege117 edited by PetarM.jpg|thumb|[[Aleksandr Vlasov (cyclist)|Aleksandr Vlasov]] riding a [[Specialized Bicycle Components|Specialized]] S-WORKS [[road bike]]]]

'''Road cycling''' is the most widespread form of [[cycling]] in which cyclists ride on paved roadways.<ref>{{Cite web|title=6 Types of Cycling you Should Try|url=https://totalwomenscycling.com/lifestyle/6-types-cycling-try|access-date=2021-10-03|website=Total Women's Cycling|language=en-US}}</ref> It includes [[Recreational cycling|recreational]], [[Road bicycle racing|racing]], [[Bicycle commuting|commuting]], and [[utility cycling]]. As users of the road, road cyclists are generally expected to obey the same [[law]]s as motorists, however there are certain exceptions.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Bicycle Safety {{!}} NHTSA|url=https://www.nhtsa.gov/road-safety/bicycle-safety|access-date=2021-09-26|website=www.nhtsa.gov|language=en}}</ref> While there are many types of [[Road bicycle|bicycles]] that are used on the roads such as [[BMX]], [[Recumbent bicycle|recumbents]], [[Road bicycle|racing]], [[Touring bicycle|touring]] and [[utility bicycle]]s, dedicated [[road bicycle]]s have specific characteristics that make them ideal for the sport. Road bicycles have thinner tires, lighter frames with no suspension, and a set of drop handle bars to allow riders to get in a more [[Aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] position while cycling at higher speeds.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arthurs-Brennan|first=Michelle|date=2019-01-21|title=What to look for in your first road bike|url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/group-tests/look-first-road-bike-405468|access-date=2021-09-26|website=cyclingweekly.com}}</ref> On a flat road, an intermediate cyclist can average about {{convert|18|to|20|mph|kph|abbr=on}}, while a professional rider can average up to {{convert|25|mph|kph|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Reynolds|first=Hannah|date=2020-03-19|title=How to cycle faster and increase your average speed|url=https://www.cyclingweekly.com/fitness/training/13-ways-increase-average-cycling-speed-144937|access-date=2021-09-27|website=cyclingweekly.com}}</ref> At higher speeds, [[Drag (physics)|wind resistance]] becomes an important factor; aerodynamic road bikes have been developed over the years to ensure that as much as possible of the rider's energy is spent propelling the bike forward.<ref name=":4" />

==History==

In 1817, [[Karl Drais|Karl von Drais]] created the first bicycle which used heavy [[steel]] and [[wood]], but since then, the road bicycle industry has adopted [[Aluminium|aluminum]], [[Carbon fibers|carbon fiber]], and [[titanium]] as the main materials for production.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Science of Cycling: History of Bicycle Frames {{!}} Exploratorium|url=http://www.exploratorium.edu/cycling/frames1.html|access-date=2021-09-26|website=Exploratorium: the museum of science, art and human perception}}</ref> The first steel bicycles weighed as much as 80 pounds,<ref name=":1" /> whereas the lightest carbon fiber road bikes now can weigh as little as thirteen pounds.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=14 of the lightest road bikes — take a look at these featherweight rides|url=https://road.cc/content/buyers-guide/14-lightest-road-bikes-286193|access-date=2021-09-26|website=road.cc|language=en}}</ref>

On May 31, 1868, cycling officially became a sport with the first race occurring at Saint-Cloud Park in [[France]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=cycling - Competition|url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/cycling|access-date=2021-09-26|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> While this first race was not considered a road race, road cycling races began to pop up throughout [[Europe]] in the 1870s.<ref name=":0" /> Road cycling as a form of [[Recreation|recreational activity]] as well as a way to [[Commuting|commute]] began to gain traction shortly after these first road races.<ref name=":0" /> Since its origins, millions of people have adopted road cycling for either recreation or commuting.

In 2020, it was estimated that about 44.5&nbsp;million people worldwide participate in road cycling, which is an increase of about five million people since 2019. Demand for road bicycles as well as other types of bicycles continued to increase throughout 2021.

== Riding safety ==

Sharing the roadways with other motorists is an unavoidable aspect of road cycling, so road cyclists are generally expected to follow the same [[law]]s as their motorist counterparts. That being said, road cyclists also have the same fundamental [[rights]] as motorists.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|title=Bicycle Safety {{!}} NHTSA|url=https://www.nhtsa.gov/road-safety/bicycle-safety|access-date=2021-09-26|website=www.nhtsa.gov|language=en}}</ref> In the [[United States|U.S.]], laws for cyclists vary by state, so it is important to keep up to date on your state's road cycling laws.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Szczepanski|first=Carolyn|date=2013-05-18|title=State Bike Laws|url=https://bikeleague.org/StateBikeLaws|access-date=2021-09-27|website=League of American Bicyclists}}</ref> '''You can find a breakdown of all cycling laws by state here.'''

=== Helmets ===

{{Main|Bicycle helmet laws}}

{{Main|Bicycle helmet laws by country}}

While laws on wearing [[bicycle helmet|helmets]] vary by jurisdiction in the [[Bicycle helmets in the United States|United States]], [[Bicycle helmets in Australia|Australia]] and [[Bicycle helmets in New Zealand|New Zealand]], helmets significantly reduce the risk of serious injury and death in the event of an accident.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bicycle Helmet Laws|url=https://www.helmets.org/mandator.htm|access-date=2021-09-26|website=www.helmets.org|language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:Cyclist_removing_helmet_after_cycling_on_roads.jpg|thumb|Helmets significantly reduce the risk of serious injuries when cycling.]]

=== Crash prevention ===

In 2019, 846 cyclists were killed in road related accidents in the United States.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|title=Bicycle Safety {{!}} NHTSA|url=https://www.nhtsa.gov/road-safety/bicycle-safety|access-date=2021-09-26|website=www.nhtsa.gov|language=en}}</ref> Most fatal bike crashes were caused between 6 P.M. and 9 P.M. and about 78% of fatal crashes in 2019 were in [[Urban area|urban]] areas.<ref name=":23" />

Some tips for crash prevention are:<ref name=":23" />

* Check to make sure that your brakes work.

* Wear reflective gear as much as possible.

* If you have shoe laces, make sure they are tied so they do not get caught in the drivetrain.

* Plan your route with caution.

* Use bike lanes as much as possible.

* Invest in a rear tail light.

== Road cycling industry ==

Some of the major companies within the road cycling industry are:<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=Bicycle Market Size, Growth & Trends Report, 2021-2028|url=https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/bicycle-market|access-date=2021-09-26|website=www.grandviewresearch.com|language=en}}</ref>

* [[Accell|Accell Group]]

* Atlas Cycles (Haryana) Ltd.

* Avon Cycles Ltd.

* [[Cervélo|Cervelo]]

* [[Dorel Sports]]

* [[Giant Bicycles]]

* [[Merida Bikes|Merida Industry Co]]., Ltd

* [[Pinarello]]

* [[Shimano]]

* [[SRAM Corporation|SRAM]]

* [[Specialized Bicycle Components]], Inc.

* [[Scott Sports]] SA

* [[Trek Bicycle Corporation]]

<references />