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'''Rosehip neurons''' are inhibitory [[GABAergic]] [[neuron]]s present in the first layer (the molecular layer) of the [[Human brain|human]] [[cerebral cortex]]. They make up about 10-15% of all [[Neurotransmitter#Excitatory and inhibitory|inhibitory neuron]]s in Layer 1.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sciencealert.com/rosehip-neuron-discovery-absent-in-mouse-models|title=Scientists Have Found a New Type of Brain Cell And It Looks Like It's Unique to Humans|last=McRae|first=Mike|work=ScienceAlert|access-date=2018-09-01|language=en-gb}}</ref> Neurons of this type (having "large ‘rosehip’-like axonal boutons and compact arborization") exist in humans, but have not been reported in [[rodents]].<ref name=Boldog2018/> |
'''Rosehip neurons''' are inhibitory [[GABAergic]] [[neuron]]s present in the first layer (the molecular layer) of the [[Human brain|human]] [[cerebral cortex]]. They make up about 10-15% of all [[Neurotransmitter#Excitatory and inhibitory|inhibitory neuron]]s in Layer 1.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sciencealert.com/rosehip-neuron-discovery-absent-in-mouse-models|title=Scientists Have Found a New Type of Brain Cell And It Looks Like It's Unique to Humans|last=McRae|first=Mike|work=ScienceAlert|access-date=2018-09-01|language=en-gb}}</ref> Neurons of this type (having "large ‘rosehip’-like axonal boutons and compact arborization") exist in humans, but have not been reported in [[rodents]].<ref name="Boldog2018">{{Cite journal |last=Boldog |first=Eszter |last2=Bakken |first2=Trygve E. |last3=Hodge |first3=Rebecca D. |last4=Novotny |first4=Mark |last5=Aevermann |first5=Brian D. |last6=Baka |first6=Judith |last7=Bordé |first7=Sándor |last8=Close |first8=Jennie L. |last9=Diez-Fuertes |first9=Francisco |date=2018-08-27 |title=Transcriptomic and morphophysiological evidence for a specialized human cortical GABAergic cell type |url= |journal=Nature Neuroscience |language=En |volume=21 |issue=9 |pages=1185–1195 |doi=10.1038/s41593-018-0205-2 |issn=1097-6256 |pmc=6130849 |pmid=30150662}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Rosehip neurons are named after the [[rose hip]] fruit due to the [[axon terminal]]'s resemblance to their berries. |
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An international group of scientists discovered Rosehip neurons and announced their discovery in August 2018. These authors contributed equally to this work: Eszter Boldog ([[University of Szeged]], [[Szeged]], [[Hungary]]), Trygve E. Bakken ([[Allen Institute for Brain Science]], [[Seattle]], WA, [[United States]]), and Rebecca D. Hodge ([[Allen Institute for Brain Science]], [[Seattle]], WA, [[United States]]). |
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⚫ | These rosehip cells show an [[immunohistochemical profile]] ([[GAD1]]+[[Cholecystokinin|CCK]]+, [[CNR1]]–[[Somatostatin|SST]]–[[CALB2]]–[[PVALB]]–) matching a single [[transcriptome|transcriptomically]] defined cell type whose specific molecular marker signature is not seen in mouse cortex. Rosehip cells in layer 1 make homotypic gap junctions, predominantly target apical dendritic shafts of layer 3 [[pyramidal neurons]], and inhibit [[Neural backpropagation|backpropagating]] pyramidal action potentials in microdomains of the dendritic tuft. These cells are therefore positioned for potent local control of distal dendritic computation in cortical pyramidal neurons.<ref name=Boldog2018/> |
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Rosehip neurons are named after the [[rose hip]] fruit due to the [[axon terminal]]'s resemblance to |
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== Discovery == |
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⚫ | These rosehip cells show an [[immunohistochemical profile]] ([[GAD1]]+[[Cholecystokinin|CCK]]+, [[CNR1]]–[[Somatostatin|SST]]–[[CALB2]]–[[PVALB]]–) matching a single [[transcriptome|transcriptomically]] defined cell type whose specific molecular marker signature is not seen in mouse cortex. Rosehip cells in layer 1 make homotypic gap junctions, predominantly target apical dendritic shafts of layer 3 pyramidal neurons, and inhibit [[Neural backpropagation|backpropagating]] pyramidal action potentials in microdomains of the dendritic tuft. These cells are therefore positioned for potent local control of distal dendritic computation in cortical pyramidal neurons.<ref name=Boldog2018/> |
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⚫ | An international group of scientists discovered Rosehip neurons and announced their discovery in August 2018. These authors contributed equally to this work: Eszter Boldog ([[University of Szeged]], [[Szeged]], [[Hungary]]), Trygve E. Bakken ([[Allen Institute for Brain Science]], [[Seattle]], WA, [[United States]]), and Rebecca D. Hodge ([[Allen Institute for Brain Science]], [[Seattle]], WA, [[United States]]). They identified this cell with the help of RNA sequencing.<ref name="Boldog2018" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Rosehip neurons are inhibitory GABAergic neurons present in the first layer (the molecular layer) of the human cerebral cortex. They make up about 10-15% of all inhibitory neurons in Layer 1.[1] Neurons of this type (having "large ‘rosehip’-like axonal boutons and compact arborization") exist in humans, but have not been reported in rodents.[2]
Rosehip neurons are named after the rose hip fruit due to the axon terminal's resemblance to their berries.
These rosehip cells show an immunohistochemical profile (GAD1+CCK+, CNR1–SST–CALB2–PVALB–) matching a single transcriptomically defined cell type whose specific molecular marker signature is not seen in mouse cortex. Rosehip cells in layer 1 make homotypic gap junctions, predominantly target apical dendritic shafts of layer 3 pyramidal neurons, and inhibit backpropagating pyramidal action potentials in microdomains of the dendritic tuft. These cells are therefore positioned for potent local control of distal dendritic computation in cortical pyramidal neurons.[2]
An international group of scientists discovered Rosehip neurons and announced their discovery in August 2018. These authors contributed equally to this work: Eszter Boldog (University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary), Trygve E. Bakken (Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States), and Rebecca D. Hodge (Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States). They identified this cell with the help of RNA sequencing.[2]
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