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{{Short description| |
{{Short description|None}} <!-- No short description per [[WP:SDNONE]] --> |
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{{Use Oxford spelling|date=June 2016}} |
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=June 2016}} |
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{{Same-sex unions}} |
{{Same-sex unions}} |
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[[Same-sex marriage]] has been legal in [[Denmark]] since 15 June 2012.<ref name="Lov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2012/532|title=Retsinformation|website=www.retsinformation.dk|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424210948/https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2012/532|url-status=live}}</ref> A bill for the legalization of same-sex marriages was introduced by the [[Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet]], and approved by the [[Folketing]] on 7 June 2012. It received [[royal assent]] by Queen [[Margrethe II]] on 12 June and took effect three days later.<ref name="Copenhagen Post">{{cite web|url=http://cphpost.dk/news14/national-news14/gay-marriage-legalised.html|title=Gay marriage legalised|website=The Copenhagen Post|date=7 June 2012|access-date=22 January 2016|archive-date=28 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528221830/http://cphpost.dk/news14/national-news14/gay-marriage-legalised.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Polling indicates that a significant majority of [[Danes]] support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage.<ref name="Euro"/> Denmark was the fourth [[Nordic countries|Nordic country]], after [[Same-sex marriage in Norway|Norway]], [[Same-sex marriage in Sweden|Sweden]] and [[Same-sex marriage in Iceland|Iceland]], the eighth in [[Europe]] and the [[Legal status of same-sex marriage|eleventh in the world]] to legalize same-sex marriage. It was the first country in the world to enact [[registered partnership]]s, which provided same-sex couples with almost all of the rights and benefits of marriage, in 1989. |
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Same-sex marriage is also legal in the two other constituent countries of the [[Danish Realm]]: |
Same-sex marriage is also legal in the two other constituent countries of the [[Danish Realm]]: |
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* In the [[Faroe Islands]], same-sex marriage legislation passed the [[Løgting]] on 29 April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cphpost.dk/news/faroe-islands-says-yes-to-same-sex-marriage.html|title=Faroe Islands says yes to same-sex marriage|work=The Copenhagen Post|first=Shifa|last=Rahaman|date=1 May 2016|access-date=2 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502022015/http://cphpost.dk/news/faroe-islands-says-yes-to-same-sex-marriage.html|archive-date=2 May 2016}}</ref> The legislation was ratified by the Danish Parliament on 25 April 2017 and received royal assent on 3 May.<ref name=Perchy2017>{{cite web|url=https://theperchybird.wordpress.com/2017/04/25/danish-parliament-ratifies-faroe-islands-same-sex-marriage-law/|title=Danish Parliament Ratifies Faroe Islands' Same-sex Marriage Law|work=Perchy Bird Blog|date=27 April 2017|access-date=27 April 2017|archive-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323103903/https://theperchybird.wordpress.com/2017/04/25/danish-parliament-ratifies-faroe-islands-same-sex-marriage-law/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lovtidende.dk/pdf.aspx?id=188876|title=Lov om ændring af lov for Færøerne om rettens pleje (International kompetence i ægteskabssager)|publisher=Government of Denmark|language=da|access-date=5 May 2017|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216233137/https://www.lovtidende.dk/pdf.aspx?id=188876|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/L129/index.htm|title=L 129 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov for Færøerne om rettens pleje|publisher=[[Folketing]]|date=8 February 2017|language=da|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170507091032/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/L129/index.htm|archive-date=7 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The law took effect on 1 July 2017.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://portal.fo/nu+kunnu+samkynd+giftast.html|title=1. juli 2017: Nú kunnu samkynd giftast|date=1 July 2017|work=portal.fo|archive-date=2 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702004423/http://portal.fo/nu+kunnu+samkynd+giftast.html}}</ref> |
* In the [[Faroe Islands]], same-sex marriage legislation passed the [[Løgting]] on 29 April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cphpost.dk/news/faroe-islands-says-yes-to-same-sex-marriage.html|title=Faroe Islands says yes to same-sex marriage|work=The Copenhagen Post|first=Shifa|last=Rahaman|date=1 May 2016|access-date=2 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502022015/http://cphpost.dk/news/faroe-islands-says-yes-to-same-sex-marriage.html|archive-date=2 May 2016}}</ref> The legislation was ratified by the Danish Parliament on 25 April 2017 and received royal assent on 3 May.<ref name=Perchy2017>{{cite web|url=https://theperchybird.wordpress.com/2017/04/25/danish-parliament-ratifies-faroe-islands-same-sex-marriage-law/|title=Danish Parliament Ratifies Faroe Islands' Same-sex Marriage Law|work=Perchy Bird Blog|date=27 April 2017|access-date=27 April 2017|archive-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323103903/https://theperchybird.wordpress.com/2017/04/25/danish-parliament-ratifies-faroe-islands-same-sex-marriage-law/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lovtidende.dk/pdf.aspx?id=188876|title=Lov om ændring af lov for Færøerne om rettens pleje (International kompetence i ægteskabssager)|publisher=Government of Denmark|language=da|access-date=5 May 2017|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216233137/https://www.lovtidende.dk/pdf.aspx?id=188876|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/L129/index.htm|title=L 129 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov for Færøerne om rettens pleje|publisher=[[Folketing]]|date=8 February 2017|language=da|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170507091032/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/L129/index.htm|archive-date=7 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The law took effect on 1 July 2017.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://portal.fo/nu+kunnu+samkynd+giftast.html|title=1. juli 2017: Nú kunnu samkynd giftast|date=1 July 2017|work=portal.fo|archive-date=2 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702004423/http://portal.fo/nu+kunnu+samkynd+giftast.html}}</ref> |
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== |
==Legal history== |
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===Denmark proper=== |
===Denmark proper=== |
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====Registered partnerships==== |
====Registered partnerships==== |
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[[Civil union|Registered partnership]]s ({{lang-da|registreret partnerskab}}) were established in Denmark by a law passed on 7 June 1989, and which came into force on 1 October 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://themis.dk/synopsis/docs/Lovsamling/Lov_om_registreret_partnerskab.html|title=Lov om registreret partnerskab|website=Themis DK|access-date=10 April 2019|language=da|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410192144/https://themis.dk/synopsis/docs/Lovsamling/Lov_om_registreret_partnerskab.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://users.cybercity.dk/~dko12530/s2.htm The Registered Partnership Act] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930123537/http://users.cybercity.dk/~dko12530/s2.htm |date=2014-09-30 }}</ref><ref>Sheila Rule: [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/02/world/rights-for-gay-couples-in-denmark.html Rights for Gay Couples in Denmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080523/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/02/world/rights-for-gay-couples-in-denmark.html |date=2016-03-04 }} - ''[[New York Times]]''. Published: 2 October 1989. Accessed: 7 June 2012</ref> It was the first such law in the world. Three attempts to expand the law in May 2003,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?/samling/20021/lovforslag_oversigtsformat/l91.htm|title=Arkiv|website=webarkiv.ft.dk|access-date=2022-07-21|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232345/http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?%2Fsamling%2F20021%2Flovforslag_oversigtsformat%2Fl91.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?/samling/20021/lovforslag_oversigtsformat/l93.htm|title=Arkiv|website=webarkiv.ft.dk|access-date=2022-07-21|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053429/http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?%2Fsamling%2F20021%2Flovforslag_oversigtsformat%2Fl93.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?/samling/20021/lovforslag_oversigtsformat/l129.htm|title=Arkiv|website=webarkiv.ft.dk|access-date=2022-07-21|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002401/http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?%2Fsamling%2F20021%2Flovforslag_oversigtsformat%2Fl129.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> another in June 2003,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?/samling/20021/lovforslag_oversigtsformat/l119.htm|title=Arkiv|website=webarkiv.ft.dk|access-date=2022-07-21|archive-date=2014-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519094619/http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?%2Fsamling%2F20021%2Flovforslag_oversigtsformat%2Fl119.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and another in June 2006 failed in Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20051/lovforslag/L228/index.htm|title=SIDSTE STJERNEITEM|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044917/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20051/lovforslag/L228/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The law was successfully expanded regarding [[LGBT adoption|adoption rights]] and the care of children in June 2009,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20081/lovforslag/L105/index.htm|title=L 105 Forslag til lov om ændring af adoptionsloven og forskellige andre love|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2016-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802043835/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20081/lovforslag/L105/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and in May 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/lovforslag/l146/index.htm|title=SIDSTE STJERNEITEM|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2019-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621180347/https://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/lovforslag/l146/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |
[[Civil union|Registered partnership]]s ({{lang-da|registreret partnerskab}},<ref name="1989law"/> {{IPA|da|ʁekiˈstʁeˀð̩ ˈpʰɑːtnɐˌskɛˀp|pron}}) were established in Denmark by a law passed on 7 June 1989, and which came into force on 1 October 1989.<ref name="1989law">{{cite web|url=https://themis.dk/synopsis/docs/Lovsamling/Lov_om_registreret_partnerskab.html|title=Lov om registreret partnerskab|website=Themis DK|access-date=10 April 2019|language=da|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410192144/https://themis.dk/synopsis/docs/Lovsamling/Lov_om_registreret_partnerskab.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://users.cybercity.dk/~dko12530/s2.htm The Registered Partnership Act] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930123537/http://users.cybercity.dk/~dko12530/s2.htm |date=2014-09-30 }}</ref><ref>Sheila Rule: [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/02/world/rights-for-gay-couples-in-denmark.html Rights for Gay Couples in Denmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080523/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/02/world/rights-for-gay-couples-in-denmark.html |date=2016-03-04 }} - ''[[New York Times]]''. Published: 2 October 1989. Accessed: 7 June 2012</ref> It was the first such law in the world. Three attempts to expand the law in May 2003,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?/samling/20021/lovforslag_oversigtsformat/l91.htm|title=Arkiv|website=webarkiv.ft.dk|access-date=2022-07-21|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232345/http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?%2Fsamling%2F20021%2Flovforslag_oversigtsformat%2Fl91.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?/samling/20021/lovforslag_oversigtsformat/l93.htm|title=Arkiv|website=webarkiv.ft.dk|access-date=2022-07-21|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053429/http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?%2Fsamling%2F20021%2Flovforslag_oversigtsformat%2Fl93.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?/samling/20021/lovforslag_oversigtsformat/l129.htm|title=Arkiv|website=webarkiv.ft.dk|access-date=2022-07-21|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002401/http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?%2Fsamling%2F20021%2Flovforslag_oversigtsformat%2Fl129.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> another in June 2003,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?/samling/20021/lovforslag_oversigtsformat/l119.htm|title=Arkiv|website=webarkiv.ft.dk|access-date=2022-07-21|archive-date=2014-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519094619/http://webarkiv.ft.dk/?%2Fsamling%2F20021%2Flovforslag_oversigtsformat%2Fl119.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and another in June 2006 failed in Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20051/lovforslag/L228/index.htm|title=SIDSTE STJERNEITEM|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044917/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20051/lovforslag/L228/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The law was successfully expanded regarding [[LGBT adoption|adoption rights]] and the care of children in June 2009,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20081/lovforslag/L105/index.htm|title=L 105 Forslag til lov om ændring af adoptionsloven og forskellige andre love|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2016-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802043835/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20081/lovforslag/L105/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and in May 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/lovforslag/l146/index.htm|title=SIDSTE STJERNEITEM|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2019-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621180347/https://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/lovforslag/l146/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Registered partnerships had almost all the same qualities as [[marriage]]. All legal and fiscal rights and obligations were identical to those of opposite-sex marriages, with the following two exceptions: |
Registered partnerships had almost all the same qualities as [[marriage]]. All legal and fiscal rights and obligations were identical to those of opposite-sex marriages, with the following two exceptions: |
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On 17 March 2009, legislation granting registered partners the right to adopt children jointly was introduced to the [[Folketing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2009/03/18/denmark-parliament-approves-equal-adoption-rights/|title=Denmark parliament approves equal adoption rights|website=PinkNews|date=18 March 2009|access-date=24 January 2012|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808011728/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2009/03/18/denmark-parliament-approves-equal-adoption-rights/|url-status=live}}</ref> The bill was approved on 4 May 2010 and took effect on 1 July 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://politiken.dk/newsinenglish/ECE963619/gay-adoption-on-the-lawbooks/|title=Gay adoption on the lawbooks|website=Politiken|date=4 May 2010|access-date=24 January 2012|archive-date=13 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913124457/http://politiken.dk/newsinenglish/ECE963619/gay-adoption-on-the-lawbooks/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 June 2012, the partnership law was repealed and replaced by a gender-neutral marriage law. Entering into new registered partnerships is no longer possible, though existing ones remain valid. |
On 17 March 2009, legislation granting registered partners the right to adopt children jointly was introduced to the [[Folketing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2009/03/18/denmark-parliament-approves-equal-adoption-rights/|title=Denmark parliament approves equal adoption rights|website=PinkNews|date=18 March 2009|access-date=24 January 2012|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808011728/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2009/03/18/denmark-parliament-approves-equal-adoption-rights/|url-status=live}}</ref> The bill was approved on 4 May 2010 and took effect on 1 July 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://politiken.dk/newsinenglish/ECE963619/gay-adoption-on-the-lawbooks/|title=Gay adoption on the lawbooks|website=Politiken|date=4 May 2010|access-date=24 January 2012|archive-date=13 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913124457/http://politiken.dk/newsinenglish/ECE963619/gay-adoption-on-the-lawbooks/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 June 2012, the partnership law was repealed and replaced by a gender-neutral marriage law. Entering into new registered partnerships is no longer possible, though existing ones remain valid. |
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Denmark's role in being the first country in the world to provide almost all of the benefits of marriage to same-sex couples caught international attention. A two-year study of the registered partnership law by researcher [[Darren Spedale]] found that same-sex couples were more likely to register their union and less likely to divorce than opposite-sex married couples in Denmark. In particular, same-sex registered partners with children had very low rates of divorce as compared to opposite-sex couples.<ref>{{cite |
Denmark's role in being the first country in the world to provide almost all of the benefits of marriage to same-sex couples caught international attention. A two-year study of the registered partnership law by researcher [[Darren Spedale]] found that same-sex couples were more likely to register their union and less likely to divorce than opposite-sex married couples in Denmark. In particular, same-sex registered partners with children had very low rates of divorce as compared to opposite-sex couples.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/gay-marriage-for-better-or-for-worse-9780195326970?cc=us&lang=en&/|title=Gay Marriage: For Better or For Worse?|date=2006|isbn=978-0-19-532697-0 |access-date=2022-07-21|archive-date=2020-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727045848/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/gay-marriage-for-better-or-for-worse-9780195326970?cc=us&lang=en&%2F|url-status=live |last1=Eskridge |first1=William N. |last2=Spedale |first2=Darren R. |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref> |
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====Same-sex marriage==== |
====Same-sex marriage==== |
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In 2006, five [[Danish Social Liberal Party|Social Liberal]] MPs introduced a resolution asking the [[Cabinet of Denmark]] to draft a gender-neutral marriage law. The resolution was debated in Parliament and opposed by members of the conservative governing coalition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.folketinget.dk/doc.aspx?/Samling/20061/beslutningsforslag/B76/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824053446/http://www.folketinget.dk/doc.aspx?%2FSamling%2F20061%2Fbeslutningsforslag%2FB76%2Findex.htm|url-status=dead|title=B 76 Forslag til folketingsbeslutning om at indføre en ægteskabslovgivning, som ligestiller homoseksuelle med heteroseksuelle.|archive-date=August 24, 2007}}</ref> The Minister for the Family, [[Carina Christensen]], argued that registered partners already had the same rights as married partners except for the ability to marry in church, and thus that gender-neutral marriage was unnecessary. In January 2008, the Social Liberal Party's Equality Rapporteur, [[Lone Dybkjær]], called for the legalization of same-sex marriage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berlingske.dk/|title=Berlingske | Læs nyheder på berlingske.dk|website=www.berlingske.dk|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209055012/https://www.berlingske.dk/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Copenhagen Mayor for Culture and Recreation, Pia Allerslev, from the liberal then-governing [[Venstre (Denmark)|Venstre]] party, also publicly supported same-sex marriage,<ref>{{in lang|da}} [http://blog.politiken.dk/engelbreth/2009/04/19/%C3%86gtefolk-af-samme-k%C3%B8n/ Ægtefolk af samme køn] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422224653/http://blog.politiken.dk/engelbreth/2009/04/19/%C3%86gtefolk-af-samme-k%C3%B8n/ |date=2009-04-22 }}, ''[[Politiken]]'', 19 April 2009</ref> as did the Lord Mayor of Copenhagen, [[Ritt Bjerregaard]].<ref>{{in lang|da}} [http://politiken.dk/politik/article774431.ece S og V vil kalde homo-vielser for ægteskab] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607033646/http://politiken.dk/politik/article774431.ece |date=2011-06-07 }}, ''[[Politiken]]'', 24 August 2009</ref> |
In 2006, five [[Danish Social Liberal Party|Social Liberal]] MPs introduced a resolution asking the [[Cabinet of Denmark]] to draft a gender-neutral marriage law. The resolution was debated in Parliament and opposed by members of the conservative governing coalition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.folketinget.dk/doc.aspx?/Samling/20061/beslutningsforslag/B76/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824053446/http://www.folketinget.dk/doc.aspx?%2FSamling%2F20061%2Fbeslutningsforslag%2FB76%2Findex.htm|url-status=dead|title=B 76 Forslag til folketingsbeslutning om at indføre en ægteskabslovgivning, som ligestiller homoseksuelle med heteroseksuelle.|archive-date=August 24, 2007}}</ref> The Minister for the Family, [[Carina Christensen]], argued that registered partners already had the same rights as married partners except for the ability to marry in church, and thus that gender-neutral marriage was unnecessary. In January 2008, the Social Liberal Party's Equality Rapporteur, [[Lone Dybkjær]], called for the legalization of same-sex marriage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berlingske.dk/|title=Berlingske | Læs nyheder på berlingske.dk|website=www.berlingske.dk|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209055012/https://www.berlingske.dk/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Copenhagen Mayor for Culture and Recreation, Pia Allerslev, from the liberal then-governing {{Lang|da|[[Venstre (Denmark)|Venstre]]|italic=no}} party, also publicly supported same-sex marriage,<ref>{{in lang|da}} [http://blog.politiken.dk/engelbreth/2009/04/19/%C3%86gtefolk-af-samme-k%C3%B8n/ Ægtefolk af samme køn] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422224653/http://blog.politiken.dk/engelbreth/2009/04/19/%C3%86gtefolk-af-samme-k%C3%B8n/ |date=2009-04-22 }}, ''[[Politiken]]'', 19 April 2009</ref> as did the Lord Mayor of Copenhagen, [[Ritt Bjerregaard]].<ref>{{in lang|da}} [http://politiken.dk/politik/article774431.ece S og V vil kalde homo-vielser for ægteskab] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607033646/http://politiken.dk/politik/article774431.ece |date=2011-06-07 }}, ''[[Politiken]]'', 24 August 2009</ref> |
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In June 2010, the Parliament once again debated a same-sex marriage bill proposed by the opposition parties. It was rejected on a 52–57 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/lovforslag/l123/103/427/afstemning.htm|title=*|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2016-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322210524/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/lovforslag/l123/103/427/afstemning.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A motion calling for legalization was also voted down.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/beslutningsforslag/B122/index.htm|title=SIDSTE STJERNEITEM|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2017-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306131908/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/beslutningsforslag/B122/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |
In June 2010, the Parliament once again debated a same-sex marriage bill proposed by the opposition parties. It was rejected on a 52–57 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/lovforslag/l123/103/427/afstemning.htm|title=*|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2016-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322210524/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/lovforslag/l123/103/427/afstemning.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A motion calling for legalization was also voted down.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/beslutningsforslag/B122/index.htm|title=SIDSTE STJERNEITEM|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2017-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306131908/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20091/beslutningsforslag/B122/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In October 2011, [[Manu Sareen]], the [[Minister for Gender Equality (Denmark)|Minister for Equality]] and [[Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs of Denmark|Church Affairs]], announced that the [[Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet]] was seeking to legalize same-sex marriage by spring 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/313312|title=Denmark moves to legalize same-sex marriage|date=October 24, 2011|website=www.digitaljournal.com|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-date=September 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105346/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/313312|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 January 2012, the government published two draft bills. One of the bills would introduce a gender-neutral definition of marriage and allow same-sex couples to marry either in civil registry offices or in the [[Church of Denmark]]. In addition, registered partners would be able to convert their union into a marriage. The other bill would allow individual priests to refuse to conduct same-sex marriages. Other religious communities would also be allowed to conduct same-sex marriages but would not be compelled to do so. The bills were under consultation until 22 February 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.km.dk/generelle-sider/nyheder/single-news/hoering-om-lovforslag-om-vielse-af-par-af-samme-koen.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121085905/http://www.km.dk/generelle-sider/nyheder/single-news/hoering-om-lovforslag-om-vielse-af-par-af-samme-koen.html|url-status=dead|title=Høring om lovforslag om vielse af par af samme køn|archive-date=January 21, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://politiken.dk/indland/art5041520/Ministre-sender-lovforslag-om-homovielser-i-h%C3%B8ring|title=Ministre sender lovforslag om homovielser i høring|date=January 18, 2012|website=Politiken|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-date=April 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404035142/http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE1512343/ministre-sender-lovforslag-om-homovielser-i-hoering/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.borger.dk/Lovgivning/Hoeringsportalen/dl.aspx?hpid=31246|title=Forslag til Lov om ændring af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning, retspleje-loven og om ophævelse af lov om registreret partnerskab|access-date=2012-01-23|archive-date=2020-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217164018/https://www.borger.dk/Lovgivning/Hoeringsportalen/dl.aspx?hpid=31246|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{in lang|da}} [http://www.km.dk/fileadmin/share/Lovudkast_2011-2012/Udkast_til_aendring_af_medlemskabsloven.pdf Forslag til Lov om ændring af lov om medlemskab af folkekirken, kirkelig betjening og sognebåndsløsning] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006085327/http://www.km.dk/fileadmin/share/Lovudkast_2011-2012/Udkast_til_aendring_af_medlemskabsloven.pdf |date=2018-10-06 }}</ref> |
In October 2011, [[Manu Sareen]], the [[Minister for Gender Equality (Denmark)|Minister for Equality]] and [[Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs of Denmark|Church Affairs]], announced that the [[Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet]] was seeking to legalize same-sex marriage by spring 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/313312|title=Denmark moves to legalize same-sex marriage|date=October 24, 2011|website=www.digitaljournal.com|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-date=September 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105346/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/313312|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 January 2012, the government published two draft bills. One of the bills would introduce a gender-neutral definition of marriage and allow same-sex couples to marry either in civil registry offices or in the [[Church of Denmark]]. In addition, registered partners would be able to convert their union into a marriage. The other bill would allow individual priests to refuse to conduct same-sex marriages. Other religious communities would also be allowed to conduct same-sex marriages but would not be compelled to do so. The bills were under consultation until 22 February 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.km.dk/generelle-sider/nyheder/single-news/hoering-om-lovforslag-om-vielse-af-par-af-samme-koen.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121085905/http://www.km.dk/generelle-sider/nyheder/single-news/hoering-om-lovforslag-om-vielse-af-par-af-samme-koen.html|url-status=dead|title=Høring om lovforslag om vielse af par af samme køn|archive-date=January 21, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://politiken.dk/indland/art5041520/Ministre-sender-lovforslag-om-homovielser-i-h%C3%B8ring|title=Ministre sender lovforslag om homovielser i høring|date=January 18, 2012|website=Politiken|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-date=April 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404035142/http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE1512343/ministre-sender-lovforslag-om-homovielser-i-hoering/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.borger.dk/Lovgivning/Hoeringsportalen/dl.aspx?hpid=31246|title=Forslag til Lov om ændring af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning, retspleje-loven og om ophævelse af lov om registreret partnerskab|access-date=2012-01-23|archive-date=2020-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217164018/https://www.borger.dk/Lovgivning/Hoeringsportalen/dl.aspx?hpid=31246|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{in lang|da}} [http://www.km.dk/fileadmin/share/Lovudkast_2011-2012/Udkast_til_aendring_af_medlemskabsloven.pdf Forslag til Lov om ændring af lov om medlemskab af folkekirken, kirkelig betjening og sognebåndsløsning] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006085327/http://www.km.dk/fileadmin/share/Lovudkast_2011-2012/Udkast_til_aendring_af_medlemskabsloven.pdf |date=2018-10-06 }}</ref> |
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On 14 March 2012, the cabinet submitted both bills to the [[Folketing]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/454980:Kirke---tro--Homoseksuelle--Vielses-forslag-er-ikke-vidtgaaende-nok|title=Homoseksuelle: Vielses-forslag er ikke vidtgående nok - Kristeligt Dagblad|access-date=2012-03-16|archive-date=2013-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324184126/http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/454980:Kirke---tro--Homoseksuelle--Vielses-forslag-er-ikke-vidtgaaende-nok|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20111/lovforslag/l105/index.htm|title=L 105 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om medlemskab af folkekirken, kirkelig betjening og sognebåndsløsning|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2018-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130012242/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20111/lovforslag/l105/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20111/lovforslag/l106/index.htm|title=L 106 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning, lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger og retsplejeloven og om ophævelse af lov om registreret partnerskab|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2018-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130012638/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20111/lovforslag/l106/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The bills were approved on 7 June 2012 and received [[royal assent]] by Queen [[ |
On 14 March 2012, the cabinet submitted both bills to the [[Folketing]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/454980:Kirke---tro--Homoseksuelle--Vielses-forslag-er-ikke-vidtgaaende-nok|title=Homoseksuelle: Vielses-forslag er ikke vidtgående nok - Kristeligt Dagblad|access-date=2012-03-16|archive-date=2013-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324184126/http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/454980:Kirke---tro--Homoseksuelle--Vielses-forslag-er-ikke-vidtgaaende-nok|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20111/lovforslag/l105/index.htm|title=L 105 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om medlemskab af folkekirken, kirkelig betjening og sognebåndsløsning|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2018-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130012242/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20111/lovforslag/l105/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20111/lovforslag/l106/index.htm|title=L 106 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning, lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger og retsplejeloven og om ophævelse af lov om registreret partnerskab|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2018-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130012638/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20111/lovforslag/l106/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The bills were approved on 7 June 2012 and received [[royal assent]] by Queen [[Margrethe II]] on 12 June. The new laws took effect on 15 June 2012.<ref name="Lov"/><ref name="Copenhagen Post"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/denmark-approves-gay-weddings-in-church/news-story/b9659c72fd75b9db801050b2be150827|title=Denmark approves gay weddings in church|date=June 7, 2012|website=www.dailytelegraph.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2012/531|title=Retsinformation|website=www.retsinformation.dk|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025001123/https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2012/531|url-status=live}}</ref> The legislation was opposed by the [[Danish People's Party]] and the [[Christian Democrats (Denmark)|Christian Democrats]], a religious conservative party, although the latter were not represented in the Danish Parliament at that time. Under the law, ministers can refuse to carry out a same-sex marriage ceremony, but the local bishop must arrange a replacement for their church building.<ref name="telegraph">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/denmark/9317447/Gay-Danish-couples-win-right-to-marry-in-church.html|title=Gay Danish couples win right to marry in church|first=Richard|last=Orange|date=June 7, 2012|via=www.telegraph.co.uk|access-date=April 3, 2018|archive-date=September 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923212934/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/denmark/9317447/Gay-Danish-couples-win-right-to-marry-in-church.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Article 1 of the ''Marriage Act'' ({{lang-da|Ægteskabsloven}}) was amended to read as follows: |
Article 1 of the ''Marriage Act'' ({{lang-da|Ægteskabsloven}}) was amended to read as follows: |
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! Party !! style="width:20%;"| Votes for !! style="width:20%;"| Votes against !! Abstained !!|Absent (Did not vote) |
! Party !! style="width:20%;"| Votes for !! style="width:20%;"| Votes against !! Abstained !!|Absent (Did not vote) |
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| {{Color box|{{party color|Venstre (Denmark)}}|border= |
| {{Color box|{{party color|Venstre (Denmark)}}|border=silver}} [[Venstre (Denmark)|Venstre - Liberal Party]] |
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| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 18 |
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 18 |
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|1= [[Kim Andersen (politician)|Kim Andersen]] |
|1= [[Kim Andersen (politician)|Kim Andersen]] |
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}} |
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| {{Color box|{{party color|Social Democrats (Denmark)}}|'''[[Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet|G]]'''|border= |
| {{Color box|{{party color|Social Democrats (Denmark)}}|'''[[Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet|G]]'''|border=silver}} [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democrats]] |
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| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 27 |
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 27 |
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|1= [[Sophie Hæstorp Andersen]] |
|1= [[Sophie Hæstorp Andersen]] |
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|8= [[Torben Hansen]] |
|8= [[Torben Hansen]] |
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|9= [[Leif Lahn Jensen]] |
|9= [[Leif Lahn Jensen]] |
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|10= [[Thomas Jensen]] |
|10= [[Thomas Jensen (politician)|Thomas Jensen]] |
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|11= [[Henrik Dam Kristensen]] |
|11= [[Henrik Dam Kristensen]] |
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|12= [[Rasmus Horn Langhoff]] |
|12= [[Rasmus Horn Langhoff]] |
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}} |
}} |
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| {{Color box|{{party color|Danish People's Party}}|border= |
| {{Color box|{{party color|Danish People's Party}}|border=silver}} [[Danish People's Party]] |
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| - |
| - |
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| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list |title= 13 |
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list |title= 13 |
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}} |
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| {{Color box|{{party color|Danish Social Liberal Party}}|'''[[Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet|G]]'''|border= |
| {{Color box|{{party color|Danish Social Liberal Party}}|'''[[Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet|G]]'''|border=silver}} [[Danish Social Liberal Party|Social Liberal Party]] |
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| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 11 |
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 11 |
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|1= [[Liv Holm Andersen]] |
|1= [[Liv Holm Andersen]] |
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}} |
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| {{Color box|{{party color|Socialist People's Party (Denmark)}}|'''[[Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet|G]]'''|border= |
| {{Color box|{{party color|Socialist People's Party (Denmark)}}|'''[[Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet|G]]'''|border=silver}} [[Socialist People's Party (Denmark)|Socialist People's Party]] |
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| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 11 |
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 11 |
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|1= [[Eigil Andersen]] |
|1= [[Eigil Andersen]] |
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}} |
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| {{Color box|{{party color|Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)}}|border= |
| {{Color box|{{party color|Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)}}|border=silver}} [[Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)|Red-Green Alliance]] |
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| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 9 |
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 9 |
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|1= [[Jørgen Arbo-Bæhr]] |
|1= [[Jørgen Arbo-Bæhr]] |
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| {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Alliance (Denmark)}}|border= |
| {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Alliance (Denmark)}}|border=silver}} [[Liberal Alliance (Denmark)|Liberal Alliance]] |
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| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 5 |
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 5 |
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|1= [[Simon Emil Ammitzbøll]] |
|1= [[Simon Emil Ammitzbøll]] |
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| {{Color box|{{party color|Conservative People's Party (Denmark)}}|border= |
| {{Color box|{{party color|Conservative People's Party (Denmark)}}|border=silver}} [[Conservative People's Party (Denmark)|Conservative People's Party]] |
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| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 4 |
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 4 |
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|1= [[Lars Barfoed]] |
|1= [[Lars Barfoed]] |
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| {{Color box|#C40006|border= |
| {{Color box|#C40006|border=silver}} [[Inuit Ataqatigiit|Community of the People]] |
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| {{Color box|{{party color|Union Party (Faroe Islands)}}|border= |
| {{Color box|{{party color|Union Party (Faroe Islands)}}|border=silver}} [[Union Party (Faroe Islands)|Union Party]] |
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⚫ | The first same-sex marriage in Denmark occurred on 15 June at the [[Frederiksberg Church]] in [[Copenhagen]] between Stig Elling and Steen Andersen, who had been together for 27 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/danmark-har-faaet-sit-foerste-homoseksuelle-aegtepar|title=Danmark har fået sit første homoseksuelle ægtepar|work=Berlingske|date=15 June 2012|accessdate=26 June 2022|language=Danish|archive-date=26 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626172921/https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/danmark-har-faaet-sit-foerste-homoseksuelle-aegtepar|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In [[Danish language|Danish]], same-sex marriage is known as ''ægteskab mellem personer af samme køn'' or more commonly as ''homovielse'' ({{IPA-da|ˈhoːmoˌviˀəlsə|pron}}) or ''kønsneutrale ægteskab'' ({{IPA-da|ˈkʰœnsˌnœwtsʰʁɑˀlə ˈektəˌskɛˀp|pron}}, meaning "gender-neutral marriage"). |
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In [[Danish language|Danish]], same-sex marriage is known as ''ægteskab mellem personer af samme køn'' or more commonly as ''homovielse'' ({{IPA-da|ˈhoːmoˌviˀəlsə|pron}}) or ''kønsneutrale ægteskab'' ({{IPA-da|ˈkʰœnsˌnœwtsʰʁɑˀlə ˈektəˌskɛˀp|pron}}, meaning "gender-neutral marriage").<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/kirke-tro/historisk-dag-folkekirken-i-dag-vedtages-det-k%C3%B8nsneutrale-%C3%A6gteskab|title=Historisk dag for folkekirken: I dag vedtages det kønsneutrale ægteskab|language=da|first=Claus|last=Vincents|work=Kristeligt Dagblad|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403113439/https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/kirke-tro/historisk-dag-folkekirken-i-dag-vedtages-det-k%C3%B8nsneutrale-%C3%A6gteskab|archive-date=3 April 2016}}</ref> |
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⚫ |
The first same-sex marriage in Denmark occurred on 15 June at the [[Frederiksberg Church]] in [[Copenhagen]] between Stig Elling and Steen Andersen, |
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===Greenland=== |
===Greenland=== |
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{{Same-sex marriage map Europe|align=right |
{{Same-sex marriage map Europe|align=right}} |
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{{Main|Same-sex marriage in Greenland}} |
{{Main|Same-sex marriage in Greenland}} |
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Denmark's registered partnership law was extended to [[Greenland]] on 26 April 1996.<ref>Yuval Merin, [https://books.google.com/books?id=10rBoQPazt0C |
Denmark's registered partnership law was extended to [[Greenland]] on 26 April 1996.<ref>Yuval Merin, [https://books.google.com/books?id=10rBoQPazt0C&dq=danish+registered+partnership+act+on+april+26%2C+1996%2C+Greenland&pg=PA67 ''Equality for same-sex couples''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216065354/https://books.google.com/books?id=10rBoQPazt0C&pg=PA67&dq=danish+registered+partnership+act+on+april+26,+1996,+Greenland&sa=X&ei=FCBST9vAKcaUtweNg6XDDQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=danish%20registered%20partnership%20act%20on%20april%2026%2C%201996%2C%20Greenland&f=false |date=2020-02-16 }} Published in 2002.</ref> Denmark's marriage law, as supported by the [[Naalakkersuisut]], was to be considered by the [[Inatsisartut]] in the spring of 2014, but was postponed beyond the year due to early [[2014 Greenlandic general election|parliamentary elections]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sermitsiaq.ag/node/167021|title=Aleqa: Der er forskelsbehandling på homo og heteroseksuelle par|website=Sermitsiaq.AG|date=10 May 2014 |access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2018-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118114333/http://sermitsiaq.ag/node/167021|url-status=live}}</ref> The legislation to grant same-sex couples marriage and adoption rights had its first reading on 25 March 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.inatsisartut.gl/samlingerhome/oversigt-over-samlinger/samling/dagsordener/dagsorden.aspx?day=25-03-2015&dagsorden=29637|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312235021/http://inatsisartut.gl/samlingerhome/oversigt-over-samlinger/samling/dagsordener/dagsorden.aspx?dagsorden=29637&day=25-03-2015|url-status=dead|title=Dagsorden af 23. marts 2015|archive-date=March 12, 2016}}</ref> It was approved unanimously on second reading on 26 May 2015.<ref name="Greenland"/> Ratification of the legislation was required by the Danish Parliament, which granted approval of the law on 19 January 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://knr.gl/da/nyheder/ja-til-homovielser-og-nej-til-sl%C3%A5-b%C3%B8rn|title=Ja til homovielser og nej til at slå børn|website=KNR|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2018-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720022508/https://knr.gl/da/nyheder/ja-til-homovielser-og-nej-til-sl%C3%A5-b%C3%B8rn|url-status=live}}</ref> The law came into effect on 1 April 2016.<ref name="Greenland"/><ref name="Greenland2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/sex-couples-can-now-get-married-greenland/#gs.=u4trak|title=Same-sex couples can now get married in Greenland|work=[[Gay Star News]]|first=Joe|last=Morgan|date=1 April 2016|access-date=2 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402001940/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/sex-couples-can-now-get-married-greenland/|archive-date=2 April 2016}}</ref> |
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Greenland's registered partnership law was repealed on the same day that the same-sex marriage law came into effect. |
Greenland's registered partnership law was repealed on the same day that the same-sex marriage law came into effect. |
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Following the [[2015 Faroese general election|Faroese general election]] in September 2015, two same-sex marriage bills (one permitting same-sex marriage and the other permitting same-sex divorce) were submitted to the Parliament. The bills received a first reading on 24 November 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.logting.fo/casenormal/view.gebs?menuChanged=16&type=0&caseNormal.id=2603|title=Løgtingið|website=www.logting.fo|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2018-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002180440/http://www.logting.fo/casenormal/view.gebs?menuChanged=16&type=0&caseNormal.id=2603|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.logting.fo/chambermeeting/list.gebs?menuChanged=13|title=Løgtingið|website=www.logting.fo|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626101615/https://logting.fo/chambermeeting/list.gebs?menuChanged=13|url-status=live}}</ref> On 26 April 2016, following a significant amount of parliamentary maneuvering, the same-sex marriage bill passed its second reading by a vote of 19–14.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://portal.fo/|title=Føroyski portalurin|first=Knassar-the new media web|last=partner (www.knassar.com)|website=portal.fo|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527154033/https://www.portal.fo/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="samtykt-270416">{{cite web|url=http://www.in.fo/news-detail/uppskot-um-at-samkynd-kunnu-giftast-samtykt/|title=Uppskot um at samkynd kunnu giftast samtykt|last=Gregersen|first=Árni|date=2016-04-27 <!-- (00:44) -->|publisher=in.fo|language=fo|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=2018-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091244/http://www.in.fo/news-detail/uppskot-um-at-samkynd-kunnu-giftast-samtykt/|url-status=live}}</ref> The bill passed its final reading on 29 April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theperchybird.wordpress.com/2016/04/29/faroe-islands-approves-same-sex-marriage-and-adoption/|title=Faroe Island Approves Same-Sex Marriage and Adoption|date=29 April 2016|work=The Perchy Bird Blog|access-date=29 April 2016|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009184048/https://theperchybird.wordpress.com/2016/04/29/faroe-islands-approves-same-sex-marriage-and-adoption/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Danish Parliament voted unanimously to ratify the changes to its own marriage law on 25 April 2017. The Minister of Justice, [[Søren Pape Poulsen]], subsequently allowed the law to go into effect on 1 July 2017, after some minor adjustments regarding the state church had been made.<ref name="logting.fo">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/l129/85/270/afstemning.htm|title=L 129 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov for Færøerne om rettens pleje|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2017-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519110459/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/l129/85/270/afstemning.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Perchy2017"/><ref name=Overview101>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/L129/index.htm|title=L 129 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov for Færøerne om rettens pleje|publisher=[[Folketing]]|date=8 February 2017|language=da|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170507091032/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/L129/index.htm|archive-date=7 May 2017}}</ref> |
Following the [[2015 Faroese general election|Faroese general election]] in September 2015, two same-sex marriage bills (one permitting same-sex marriage and the other permitting same-sex divorce) were submitted to the Parliament. The bills received a first reading on 24 November 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.logting.fo/casenormal/view.gebs?menuChanged=16&type=0&caseNormal.id=2603|title=Løgtingið|website=www.logting.fo|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2018-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002180440/http://www.logting.fo/casenormal/view.gebs?menuChanged=16&type=0&caseNormal.id=2603|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.logting.fo/chambermeeting/list.gebs?menuChanged=13|title=Løgtingið|website=www.logting.fo|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626101615/https://logting.fo/chambermeeting/list.gebs?menuChanged=13|url-status=live}}</ref> On 26 April 2016, following a significant amount of parliamentary maneuvering, the same-sex marriage bill passed its second reading by a vote of 19–14.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://portal.fo/|title=Føroyski portalurin|first=Knassar-the new media web|last=partner (www.knassar.com)|website=portal.fo|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527154033/https://www.portal.fo/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="samtykt-270416">{{cite web|url=http://www.in.fo/news-detail/uppskot-um-at-samkynd-kunnu-giftast-samtykt/|title=Uppskot um at samkynd kunnu giftast samtykt|last=Gregersen|first=Árni|date=2016-04-27 <!-- (00:44) -->|publisher=in.fo|language=fo|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=2018-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091244/http://www.in.fo/news-detail/uppskot-um-at-samkynd-kunnu-giftast-samtykt/|url-status=live}}</ref> The bill passed its final reading on 29 April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theperchybird.wordpress.com/2016/04/29/faroe-islands-approves-same-sex-marriage-and-adoption/|title=Faroe Island Approves Same-Sex Marriage and Adoption|date=29 April 2016|work=The Perchy Bird Blog|access-date=29 April 2016|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009184048/https://theperchybird.wordpress.com/2016/04/29/faroe-islands-approves-same-sex-marriage-and-adoption/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Danish Parliament voted unanimously to ratify the changes to its own marriage law on 25 April 2017. The Minister of Justice, [[Søren Pape Poulsen]], subsequently allowed the law to go into effect on 1 July 2017, after some minor adjustments regarding the state church had been made.<ref name="logting.fo">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/l129/85/270/afstemning.htm|title=L 129 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov for Færøerne om rettens pleje|website=Folketinget|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2017-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519110459/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/l129/85/270/afstemning.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Perchy2017"/><ref name=Overview101>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/L129/index.htm|title=L 129 Forslag til lov om ændring af lov for Færøerne om rettens pleje|publisher=[[Folketing]]|date=8 February 2017|language=da|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170507091032/http://www.ft.dk/samling/20161/lovforslag/L129/index.htm|archive-date=7 May 2017}}</ref> |
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Legislation exempting the [[Church of the Faroe Islands]] from performing same-sex marriages passed the Faroese Parliament on 30 May and went into effect on 1 July 2017 |
Legislation exempting the [[Church of the Faroe Islands]] from performing same-sex marriages passed the Faroese Parliament on 30 May and went into effect on 1 July 2017 alongside the marriage law.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.logting.fo/chamberreport/view.gebs?menuChanged=21&report.id=5281&meeting.id=5766|title=Gerðabók|publisher=Løgting|language=fo|access-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603032606/http://www.logting.fo/chamberreport/view.gebs?menuChanged=21&report.id=5281&meeting.id=5766|archive-date=3 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lgbt.fo/?p=2846|title=Faroe Islands becomes 23rd country in the world to legalise gay marriage|date=30 May 2017|work=LGBT Føroya|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609044709/http://lgbt.fo/?p=2846|archive-date=9 June 2017}}</ref> The first same-sex wedding in the Faroe Islands was performed on 6 September 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/foerste-homoseksuelle-par-gift-paa-faeroeerne|title=Første homoseksuelle par gift på Færøerne|work=DR|language=da|date=6 September 2017|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907164259/http://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/foerste-homoseksuelle-par-gift-paa-faeroeerne|archive-date=7 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cphpost.dk/news/faroe-islands-hosts-its-first-ever-same-sex-marriage.html|title=Faroe Islands hosts its first ever same-sex marriage|work=The Copenhagen Post|first=Christian|last=W.|date=7 September 2017|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907165025/http://cphpost.dk/news/faroe-islands-hosts-its-first-ever-same-sex-marriage.html|archive-date=7 September 2017}}</ref> |
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==Impact== |
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A study by the Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, released in 2019, showed that the legalisation of same-sex marriage, as well as other supportive policies and legislation, had decreased the [[suicide]] rate among same-sex partners. The study, conducted in both Sweden and Denmark, found a 46% fall in suicides of people in same-sex unions between the periods 1989–2002 and 2003–2016, compared to 28% among heterosexual couples.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nordics-lgbt-health-trfn/suicides-fall-with-gay-marriage-in-sweden-denmark-as-stigma-fades-idUSKBN1XO010|title=Suicides fall with gay marriage in Sweden, Denmark as stigma fades|website=Reuters|date=14 November 2019|access-date=16 November 2019|archive-date=10 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110040546/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nordics-lgbt-health-trfn/suicides-fall-with-gay-marriage-in-sweden-denmark-as-stigma-fades-idUSKBN1XO010|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/14/suicide-rates-fall-after-gay-marriage-laws-in-sweden-and-denmark|title=Suicide rates fall after gay marriage legalised in Sweden and Denmark|website=The Guardian|date=14 November 2019|access-date=16 November 2019|archive-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211072008/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/14/suicide-rates-fall-after-gay-marriage-laws-in-sweden-and-denmark|url-status=live}}</ref> |
A study by the Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, released in 2019, showed that the legalisation of same-sex marriage, as well as other supportive policies and legislation, had decreased the [[suicide]] rate among same-sex partners. The study, conducted in both Sweden and Denmark, found a 46% fall in suicides of people in same-sex unions between the periods 1989–2002 and 2003–2016, compared to 28% among heterosexual couples.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nordics-lgbt-health-trfn/suicides-fall-with-gay-marriage-in-sweden-denmark-as-stigma-fades-idUSKBN1XO010|title=Suicides fall with gay marriage in Sweden, Denmark as stigma fades|website=Reuters|date=14 November 2019|access-date=16 November 2019|archive-date=10 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110040546/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nordics-lgbt-health-trfn/suicides-fall-with-gay-marriage-in-sweden-denmark-as-stigma-fades-idUSKBN1XO010|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/14/suicide-rates-fall-after-gay-marriage-laws-in-sweden-and-denmark|title=Suicide rates fall after gay marriage legalised in Sweden and Denmark|website=The Guardian|date=14 November 2019|access-date=16 November 2019|archive-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211072008/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/14/suicide-rates-fall-after-gay-marriage-laws-in-sweden-and-denmark|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==Marriage statistics== |
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===Statistics=== |
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The number of same-sex marriages performed in Denmark (excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands) is shown in the table below. In 2021, the majority of same-sex marriages (79%) were performed in a civil ceremony, while 21% took place in a religious ceremony in the [[Church of Denmark]]. One marriage was performed inan [[Diplomatic mission|embassy]] or [[consulate]] outside of Denmark.<ref>[https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-valg/vielser-og-skilsmisser Marriages and divorces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616162837/https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-valg/vielser-og-skilsmisser |date=2019-06-16 }}, ''Statistics Denmark''</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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Line 368: | Line 366: | ||
|2019||168||237||405||30,635||1.32% |
|2019||168||237||405||30,635||1.32% |
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|- |
|- |
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|2020||160|| |
|2020||160||273||433||28,539||1.51% |
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|- |
|- |
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|2021|| |
|2021||172||258||430||27,645||1.56% |
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|- |
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|2022||214||296||510||33,054||1.54% |
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|} |
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==Religious performance== |
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Same-sex marriages can be officiated at places of worship of the [[Church of Denmark]] and the [[Church of Greenland]],<ref name="telegraph"/><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.out.com/news-opinion/2016/4/01/same-sex-marriages-begin-greenland|title= Same-Sex Marriages Begin in Greenland|work=Out.com|date=1 April 2016|last=Sauvalle|first=Julien}}</ref> but not the [[Church of the Faroe Islands]], which under the 2017 law that legalised same-sex marriage in the Faroe Islands is exempt from performing same-sex weddings.<ref name="auto"/> One of the first same-sex marriage ceremonies in the Church of Denmark occurred on 16 June 2012 at the [[Højdevang Church]] on [[Amager]] for Poul Cullura and Nicolai Bøcker Jensen.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.folkekirken.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/poul-og-nicolais-ja-var-det-forste-vielser-af-homoseksuelle-fejrer-10-ars-jubilaeum|language=da|title= Poul og Nicolais 'ja' var det første: Vielser af homoseksuelle fejrer 10-års jubilæum |date=14 June 2012|work=Church of Dennark}}</ref> |
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The [[Catholic Church in Denmark|Catholic Church]] opposes same-sex marriage and does not allow its priests to officiate at such marriages. In December 2023, the [[Holy See]] published ''[[Fiducia supplicans]]'', a declaration allowing [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|Catholic priests]] to [[Blessing in the Catholic Church|bless]] couples who are not considered to be [[Marriage in the Catholic Church|married according to church teaching]], including the [[Blessing of same-sex unions in Christian churches|blessing of same-sex couples]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flynn |first=JD |date=2023-12-22 |title=Is the 'false narrative' narrative a false narrative? |url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/is-the-false-narrative-narrative |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=[[The Pillar]] |language=en|archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223121603/https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/is-the-false-narrative-narrative |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Copenhagen|Bishop of Copenhagen]] [[Czeslaw Kozon]] reacted to the declaration, "Everyone must be able to feel at home in the Church, accepted and loved, even if they cannot receive all sacraments... Living in a relationship that is not a marriage, including as persons of the same sex, must therefore not mean a lack of care on the part of the institutional Church or from the community of the congregation. Sexual orientation is not chosen voluntarily... A relationship between two people of the same sex can also contain values such as care and faithfulness..."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/fiducia-supplicans-whos-saying-what|title='Fiducia supplicans': Who's saying what?|work=The Pillar|first=Luke|last=Coppen|date=19 December 2023}}</ref> |
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==Public opinion== |
==Public opinion== |
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The 2015 [[Eurobarometer]] found that 87% of Danes supported same-sex marriage, while 9% were opposed and 4% were undecided.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.equineteurope.org/IMG/pdf/ebs_437_en.pdf |title=Special Eurobarometer 437: discrimination in the EU in 2015 |publisher=European Commission |work=TNS |date=October 2015 |pages=373 |access-date=2017-12-08 |archive-date=2016-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122075042/http://www.equineteurope.org/IMG/pdf/ebs_437_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |
The 2015 [[Eurobarometer]] found that 87% of Danes supported same-sex marriage, while 9% were opposed and 4% were undecided.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.equineteurope.org/IMG/pdf/ebs_437_en.pdf |title=Special Eurobarometer 437: discrimination in the EU in 2015 |publisher=European Commission |work=TNS |date=October 2015 |pages=373 |access-date=2017-12-08 |archive-date=2016-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122075042/http://www.equineteurope.org/IMG/pdf/ebs_437_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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A [[Pew Research Center]] poll, conducted between April and August 2017 and published in May 2018, showed that 86% of Danes supported same-sex marriage, 9% were opposed and 5% did not know or refused to answer.<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/religion-and-society/ Religion and society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718110549/http://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/religion-and-society/ |date=2018-07-18 }}, ''Pew Research Center'', 29 May 2018</ref> When divided by religion, 92% of religiously unaffiliated people, 87% of non-practicing Christians and 74% of church-attending Christians supported same-sex marriage.<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-western-europe/ Being Christian in Western Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925225152/http://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-western-europe/ |date=2018-09-25 }}, ''Pew Research Center'', 29 May 2018</ref> Among 18–34-year-olds, opposition to same-sex marriage was 6%.<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2018/10/29/eastern-and-western-europeans-differ-on-importance-of-religion-views-of-minorities-and-key-social-issues/ Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103072336/http://www.pewforum.org/2018/10/29/eastern-and-western-europeans-differ-on-importance-of-religion-views-of-minorities-and-key-social-issues/ |date=2019-01-03 }}, [[Pew Research Center]], 2017</ref> |
A [[Pew Research Center]] poll, conducted between April and August 2017 and published in May 2018, showed that 86% of Danes supported same-sex marriage, 9% were opposed and 5% did not know or had refused to answer.<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/religion-and-society/ Religion and society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718110549/http://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/religion-and-society/ |date=2018-07-18 }}, ''Pew Research Center'', 29 May 2018</ref> When divided by religion, 92% of religiously unaffiliated people, 87% of non-practicing Christians and 74% of church-attending Christians supported same-sex marriage.<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-western-europe/ Being Christian in Western Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925225152/http://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-western-europe/ |date=2018-09-25 }}, ''Pew Research Center'', 29 May 2018</ref> Among 18–34-year-olds, opposition to same-sex marriage was 6%.<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2018/10/29/eastern-and-western-europeans-differ-on-importance-of-religion-views-of-minorities-and-key-social-issues/ Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103072336/http://www.pewforum.org/2018/10/29/eastern-and-western-europeans-differ-on-importance-of-religion-views-of-minorities-and-key-social-issues/ |date=2019-01-03 }}, [[Pew Research Center]], 2017</ref> |
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The 2019 Eurobarometer found that 89% of Danes thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 8% were opposed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/87771|title=Eurobarometer on Discrimination 2019: The social acceptance of LGBTI people in the EU|publisher=European Commission|work=TNS|access-date=23 September 2019|page=2|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216133347/https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/87771|url-status=live}}</ref> |
The 2019 Eurobarometer found that 89% of Danes thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 8% were opposed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/87771|title=Eurobarometer on Discrimination 2019: The social acceptance of LGBTI people in the EU|publisher=European Commission|work=TNS|access-date=23 September 2019|page=2|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216133347/https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/87771|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2023 Eurobarometer showed that support had increased to 93%, while 5% were opposed. The survey also found that 93% of Danes thought that "there is nothing wrong in a sexual relationship between two persons of the same sex", while 6% disagreed.<ref name="Euro">{{cite web|url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2972|title=Eurobarometer 2023: Discrimination in the European Union|access-date=1 January 2024|work=europa.eu}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Part of the LGBT rights series |
Recognized |
Civil unions and registered partnerships |
See also |
Notes
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Same-sex marriage has been legal in Denmark since 15 June 2012.[1] A bill for the legalization of same-sex marriages was introduced by the Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet, and approved by the Folketing on 7 June 2012. It received royal assent by Queen Margrethe II on 12 June and took effect three days later.[2] Polling indicates that a significant majority of Danes support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage.[3] Denmark was the fourth Nordic country, after Norway, Sweden and Iceland, the eighth in Europe and the eleventh in the world to legalize same-sex marriage. It was the first country in the world to enact registered partnerships, which provided same-sex couples with almost all of the rights and benefits of marriage, in 1989.
Same-sex marriage is also legal in the two other constituent countries of the Danish Realm:
Registered partnerships (Danish: registreret partnerskab,[12] pronounced [ʁekiˈstʁeˀð̩ ˈpʰɑːtnɐˌskɛˀp]) were established in Denmark by a law passed on 7 June 1989, and which came into force on 1 October 1989.[12][13][14] It was the first such law in the world. Three attempts to expand the law in May 2003,[15][16][17] another in June 2003,[18] and another in June 2006 failed in Parliament.[19] The law was successfully expanded regarding adoption rights and the care of children in June 2009,[20] and in May 2010.[21]
Registered partnerships had almost all the same qualities as marriage. All legal and fiscal rights and obligations were identical to those of opposite-sex marriages, with the following two exceptions:
Divorce for registered partners followed the same rules as opposite-sex divorces. Registered partners had to meet one of the following residency requirements to form a union: (1) one partner had to be a Danish citizen and be resident in Denmark, or (2) both parties must have been resident in Denmark for at least two years. Citizens of Finland, Iceland and Norway were treated as Danish citizens for the purpose of the residency requirement. Additionally, the Justice Ministry could order that a citizen of any other country with a registered partnership law similar to Denmark's be treated as a Danish citizen.[22] Registered partnerships were conducted by civil ceremony only, but the Church of Denmark allowed priests to perform blessings of same-sex relationships.[23]
On 17 March 2009, legislation granting registered partners the right to adopt children jointly was introduced to the Folketing.[24] The bill was approved on 4 May 2010 and took effect on 1 July 2010.[25] On 15 June 2012, the partnership law was repealed and replaced by a gender-neutral marriage law. Entering into new registered partnerships is no longer possible, though existing ones remain valid.
Denmark's role in being the first country in the world to provide almost all of the benefits of marriage to same-sex couples caught international attention. A two-year study of the registered partnership law by researcher Darren Spedale found that same-sex couples were more likely to register their union and less likely to divorce than opposite-sex married couples in Denmark. In particular, same-sex registered partners with children had very low rates of divorce as compared to opposite-sex couples.[26]
In 2006, five Social Liberal MPs introduced a resolution asking the Cabinet of Denmark to draft a gender-neutral marriage law. The resolution was debated in Parliament and opposed by members of the conservative governing coalition.[27] The Minister for the Family, Carina Christensen, argued that registered partners already had the same rights as married partners except for the ability to marry in church, and thus that gender-neutral marriage was unnecessary. In January 2008, the Social Liberal Party's Equality Rapporteur, Lone Dybkjær, called for the legalization of same-sex marriage.[28] The Copenhagen Mayor for Culture and Recreation, Pia Allerslev, from the liberal then-governing Venstre party, also publicly supported same-sex marriage,[29] as did the Lord Mayor of Copenhagen, Ritt Bjerregaard.[30]
In June 2010, the Parliament once again debated a same-sex marriage bill proposed by the opposition parties. It was rejected on a 52–57 vote.[31] A motion calling for legalization was also voted down.[32]
In October 2011, Manu Sareen, the Minister for Equality and Church Affairs, announced that the Thorning-Schmidt I Cabinet was seeking to legalize same-sex marriage by spring 2012.[33] On 18 January 2012, the government published two draft bills. One of the bills would introduce a gender-neutral definition of marriage and allow same-sex couples to marry either in civil registry offices or in the Church of Denmark. In addition, registered partners would be able to convert their union into a marriage. The other bill would allow individual priests to refuse to conduct same-sex marriages. Other religious communities would also be allowed to conduct same-sex marriages but would not be compelled to do so. The bills were under consultation until 22 February 2012.[34][35][36][37]
On 14 March 2012, the cabinet submitted both bills to the Folketing.[38][39][40] The bills were approved on 7 June 2012 and received royal assent by Queen Margrethe II on 12 June. The new laws took effect on 15 June 2012.[1][2][41][42] The legislation was opposed by the Danish People's Party and the Christian Democrats, a religious conservative party, although the latter were not represented in the Danish Parliament at that time. Under the law, ministers can refuse to carry out a same-sex marriage ceremony, but the local bishop must arrange a replacement for their church building.[43]
Article 1 of the Marriage Act (Danish: Ægteskabsloven) was amended to read as follows:
The first same-sex marriage in Denmark occurred on 15 June at the Frederiksberg ChurchinCopenhagen between Stig Elling and Steen Andersen, who had been together for 27 years.[45]
InDanish, same-sex marriage is known as ægteskab mellem personer af samme køn or more commonly as homovielse (pronounced [ˈhoːmoˌviˀəlsə]) or kønsneutrale ægteskab (pronounced [ˈkʰœnsˌnœwtsʰʁɑˀlə ˈektəˌskɛˀp], meaning "gender-neutral marriage").[46]
Denmark's registered partnership law was extended to Greenland on 26 April 1996.[47] Denmark's marriage law, as supported by the Naalakkersuisut, was to be considered by the Inatsisartut in the spring of 2014, but was postponed beyond the year due to early parliamentary elections.[48] The legislation to grant same-sex couples marriage and adoption rights had its first reading on 25 March 2015.[49] It was approved unanimously on second reading on 26 May 2015.[4] Ratification of the legislation was required by the Danish Parliament, which granted approval of the law on 19 January 2016.[50] The law came into effect on 1 April 2016.[4][5][51]
Greenland's registered partnership law was repealed on the same day that the same-sex marriage law came into effect.
Denmark's registered partnership law was never extended to the Faroe Islands, and until 2017 it was the only Nordic region to not recognize same-sex unions. A set of bills to extend the Danish gender-neutral marriage law to the Faroe Islands was submitted to the Løgting on 20 November 2013,[52][53][54] though was rejected at second reading on 13 March 2014.[55][56][57][58]
Following the Faroese general election in September 2015, two same-sex marriage bills (one permitting same-sex marriage and the other permitting same-sex divorce) were submitted to the Parliament. The bills received a first reading on 24 November 2015.[59][60] On 26 April 2016, following a significant amount of parliamentary maneuvering, the same-sex marriage bill passed its second reading by a vote of 19–14.[61][62] The bill passed its final reading on 29 April 2016.[63] The Danish Parliament voted unanimously to ratify the changes to its own marriage law on 25 April 2017. The Minister of Justice, Søren Pape Poulsen, subsequently allowed the law to go into effect on 1 July 2017, after some minor adjustments regarding the state church had been made.[64][8][65]
Legislation exempting the Church of the Faroe Islands from performing same-sex marriages passed the Faroese Parliament on 30 May and went into effect on 1 July 2017 alongside the marriage law.[11][66][67] The first same-sex wedding in the Faroe Islands was performed on 6 September 2017.[68][69]
A study by the Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, released in 2019, showed that the legalisation of same-sex marriage, as well as other supportive policies and legislation, had decreased the suicide rate among same-sex partners. The study, conducted in both Sweden and Denmark, found a 46% fall in suicides of people in same-sex unions between the periods 1989–2002 and 2003–2016, compared to 28% among heterosexual couples.[70][71]
The number of same-sex marriages performed in Denmark (excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands) is shown in the table below. In 2021, the majority of same-sex marriages (79%) were performed in a civil ceremony, while 21% took place in a religious ceremony in the Church of Denmark. One marriage was performed in an embassyorconsulate outside of Denmark.[72]
Year | Marriages between men |
Marriages between women |
Same-sex marriages |
Total marriages |
% same-sex marriages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012 | 104 | 164 | 268 | 28,503 | 0.94% |
2013 | 129 | 234 | 363 | 27,503 | 1.32% |
2014 | 155 | 209 | 364 | 28,331 | 1.28% |
2015 | 163 | 208 | 371 | 28,853 | 1.29% |
2016 | 160 | 218 | 378 | 30,767 | 1.23% |
2017 | 190 | 246 | 436 | 31,777 | 1.37% |
2018 | 187 | 293 | 480 | 32,525 | 1.48% |
2019 | 168 | 237 | 405 | 30,635 | 1.32% |
2020 | 160 | 273 | 433 | 28,539 | 1.51% |
2021 | 172 | 258 | 430 | 27,645 | 1.56% |
2022 | 214 | 296 | 510 | 33,054 | 1.54% |
Same-sex marriages can be officiated at places of worship of the Church of Denmark and the Church of Greenland,[43][73] but not the Church of the Faroe Islands, which under the 2017 law that legalised same-sex marriage in the Faroe Islands is exempt from performing same-sex weddings.[11] One of the first same-sex marriage ceremonies in the Church of Denmark occurred on 16 June 2012 at the Højdevang ChurchonAmager for Poul Cullura and Nicolai Bøcker Jensen.[74]
The Catholic Church opposes same-sex marriage and does not allow its priests to officiate at such marriages. In December 2023, the Holy See published Fiducia supplicans, a declaration allowing Catholic prieststobless couples who are not considered to be married according to church teaching, including the blessing of same-sex couples.[75] Bishop of Copenhagen Czeslaw Kozon reacted to the declaration, "Everyone must be able to feel at home in the Church, accepted and loved, even if they cannot receive all sacraments... Living in a relationship that is not a marriage, including as persons of the same sex, must therefore not mean a lack of care on the part of the institutional Church or from the community of the congregation. Sexual orientation is not chosen voluntarily... A relationship between two people of the same sex can also contain values such as care and faithfulness..."[76]
AYouGov poll conducted between 27 December 2012 and 6 January 2013 found that 79% of Danes supported same-sex marriage and 16% were opposed. The remaining 6% had no opinion on the issue. The same poll also showed that 59% supported same-sex couples' right to adopt, 31% were opposed and 11% had no opinion.[77]
A May 2013 Gallup survey from the Faroe Islands found that 68% favoured civil marriage for same-sex couples, with 27% against and 5% undecided. All the regions showed majority support and no age groups had more opponents than supporters.[78][79] A 2014 poll from the Faroe Islands showed that 62% of respondents supported same-sex marriage. The regional divide was significant; support was greater on Streymoy (71% in Norðurstreymoy and 76% in Suðurstreymoy), which includes the capital Tórshavn, than in Norðoyar (42%) and Eysturoy (48%).[80] An August 2014 Faroese poll asking 600 respondents for their views on civil marriage for same-sex couples showed that 61% supported the idea, while 32% were opposed and 7% had no opinion.[81]
The 2015 Eurobarometer found that 87% of Danes supported same-sex marriage, while 9% were opposed and 4% were undecided.[82]
APew Research Center poll, conducted between April and August 2017 and published in May 2018, showed that 86% of Danes supported same-sex marriage, 9% were opposed and 5% did not know or had refused to answer.[83] When divided by religion, 92% of religiously unaffiliated people, 87% of non-practicing Christians and 74% of church-attending Christians supported same-sex marriage.[84] Among 18–34-year-olds, opposition to same-sex marriage was 6%.[85]
The 2019 Eurobarometer found that 89% of Danes thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 8% were opposed.[86] The 2023 Eurobarometer showed that support had increased to 93%, while 5% were opposed. The survey also found that 93% of Danes thought that "there is nothing wrong in a sexual relationship between two persons of the same sex", while 6% disagreed.[3]
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