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{{Short description|First Italian satellite}} |
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{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=August 2010}} |
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| name = San Marco 1 |
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| image = San_Marco_1.jpg |
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| image_caption = |
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⚫ | | mission_type = Ionospheric<br/>[[Earth science]]<br/>Astrophysics<ref name='nssdc'>{{cite web | title= San Marco 1 | url= https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-084A | publisher= NASA – National Space Science Data Centre | accessdate= 2010-08-31}}</ref> |
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| Name = San Marco 1<br/>{{small|San Marco A}} |
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| website = |
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| Image = [[Image:Satellite San Marco 1.jpg|250px]] |
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| SATCAT = |
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| mission_duration = ~272 days |
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| Satellite_Of = [[Earth]] |
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| Launch Date = December 15, 1964 at 20:24:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<ref name='nssdc'/> |
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| Launch_Site = [[Wallops Flight Facility]] |
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| Mission_Duration = ~ 272 days |
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<!-- Instruments --> |
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| Instruments = Atmosphere, Electron Content-Beacon<ref name='nssdc'/> |
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| spacecraft_bus = |
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'''San Marco 1''', also known as '''San Marco A''', was the first [[Italy|Italian]] [[satellite]] |
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| power = |
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| launch_date = {{start-date|15 December 1964, 20:24:00|timezone=yes}} UTC<ref name='nssdc'/> |
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⚫ | | launch_rocket = [[Scout X-4]]<ref name="gunt">{{cite web | url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ariel-1.htm | first=Gunter | last=Krebs | work=Gunter's Space Page | title=San Marco 1, 2 (A, B) | accessdate=2010-08-27}}</ref> |
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| launch_site = [[Wallops Flight Facility|Wallops]] [[Wallops Flight Facility Launch Area 3|LA-3A]] |
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| disposal_type = |
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| deactivated = |
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| last_contact = <!-- {{end-date|[insert date here]}} --> |
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| orbit_epoch = 15 December 1964 20:24:00 UTC |
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| orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]] |
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⚫ | | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|198.0|km|mi}}<ref name='nssdc'/> |
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⚫ | | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|846.0|km|mi}}<ref name='nssdc'/> |
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| apsis = gee |
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⚫ | [[Image:Satellite San Marco 1.jpg|thumb|250px|San Marco 1 being loaded into the Scout rocket fairing]] |
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⚫ | '''San Marco 1''', also known as '''San Marco A''', was the first [[Italy|Italian]] [[satellite]]. Built in-house by the Italian Space Research Commission ({{lang-it|Commissione per le Ricerche Spaziali}}, CRS) on behalf of the [[Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche|National Research Council]], it was the first of five as part of the Italian-US [[San Marco programme]]. |
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The name of the spacecraft series comes from the San Marco platform, a [[Jackup rig#Barges|Jackup barge]] used as an offshore launch pad for the main phase of the project. San Marco ({{lang-en|[[Saint Mark]]}}) is the [[patron saint]] of [[Venice]], often depicted as aiding Venetian sailors.<ref name="nasahist2"> |
The name of the spacecraft series comes from the San Marco platform, a [[Jackup rig#Barges|Jackup barge]] used as an offshore launch pad for the main phase of the project. San Marco ({{lang-en|[[Saint Mark]]}}) is the [[patron saint]] of [[Venice]], often depicted as aiding Venetian sailors.<ref name="nasahist2">{{Cite web | title=II. SATELLITES | url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4402/ch2.htm | publisher=NASA History Office |accessdate=2010-08-24}}</ref> |
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== Development == |
== Development == |
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In 1961 the Italian government, led by [[Amintore Fanfani]], approved a plan for the development of an indigenous satellite research programme that had earlier been proposed by the CRS. At the time only the Soviet Union and the United States had launched spacecraft into orbit and Italy lacked a suitable launcher and crews trained in firing orbital rockets. As a result a cooperative plan was developed with the American space agency [[NASA]] who would provide the rockets and the launch crew training for Italians to operate them.<ref name="nasahist2"/> |
In 1961 the Italian government, led by [[Amintore Fanfani]], approved a plan for the development of an indigenous satellite research programme that had earlier been proposed by the CRS. At the time only the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[United States of America|United States]] had launched [[Space Race|spacecraft into orbit]] and Italy lacked a suitable launcher and crews trained in firing orbital rockets. As a result, a cooperative plan was developed with the American space agency [[NASA]] who would provide the rockets and the launch crew training for Italians to operate them.<ref name="nasahist2"/> |
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The spacecraft was built by members of the CRS, a group of distinguished Italian scientists and engineers including [[Edoardo Amaldi]], co-founder of major European scientific organisations including [[CERN]] and [[ESRO]]. |
The spacecraft was built by members of the CRS, a group of distinguished Italian scientists and engineers including [[Edoardo Amaldi]], co-founder of major European scientific organisations including [[CERN]] and [[ESRO]]. |
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The mission was principally a test-flight of a real satellite to gain experience before launches from Italy's own [[Broglio Space Centre|San Marco platform]] began, the last of 3 phases of the project.<ref name="nasahist"> |
The mission was principally a test-flight of a real satellite to gain experience before launches from Italy's own [[Broglio Space Centre|San Marco platform]] began, the last of 3 phases of the project.<ref name="nasahist">{{Cite web | title=Chapter 18 - Cooperation With Western Countries | url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4211/ch18-4.htm | publisher=NASA History Office |accessdate=2010-08-24}}</ref> |
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== Mission == |
== Mission == |
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== Launch == |
== Launch == |
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San Marco 1 was launched by an Italian crew using an American [[Scout (rocket family)|Scout]] rocket from [[Wallops Flight Facility]], Virginia, US. Launched on |
San Marco 1 was launched by an Italian crew using an American [[Scout (rocket family)|Scout]] rocket from [[Wallops Flight Facility]], Virginia, US. Launched on 15 December 1964 at 20:24:00 UTC the satellite destructively re-entered the atmosphere on 13 September 1965. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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{{ |
{{Portal|Spaceflight|}} |
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* [[San Marco programme]] |
* [[San Marco programme]] |
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* [[Wallops Flight Facility]] |
* [[Wallops Flight Facility]] |
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* [[Broglio Space Centre]] - formerly ''San Marco Equatorial Range'' |
* [[Broglio Space Centre]] - formerly ''San Marco Equatorial Range'' |
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* [[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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⚫ | * [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-084A NASA NSSDC San Marco 1] |
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* [http://sanmarco1964.wix.com/sanmarco Progetto San Marco Memorabilia] |
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{{San Marco programme}} |
{{San Marco programme}} |
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{{Orbital launches in 1964}} |
{{Orbital launches in 1964}} |
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[[Category:Satellites]] |
[[Category:Satellites formerly orbiting Earth]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Satellites of Italy]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1964]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:First artificial satellites of a country]] |
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[[Category:1964 in |
[[Category:1964 in Italy]] |
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[[pl:San Marco 1]] |
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[[ru:Сан-Марко-1]] |
Mission type | Ionospheric Earth science Astrophysics[1] |
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Operator | CNR |
COSPAR ID | 1964-084A |
SATCAT no. | 00957 |
Mission duration | ~272 days |
Spacecraft properties | |
Launch mass | 115.2 kilograms (254 lb)[1] |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 15 December 1964, 20:24:00 (1964-12-15UTC20:24Z) UTC[1] |
Rocket | Scout X-4[2] |
Launch site | Wallops LA-3A |
End of mission | |
Decay date | 13 September 1965[1] |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric |
Regime | Low Earth |
Eccentricity | 0.0469[1] |
Perigee altitude | 198.0 kilometres (123.0 mi)[1] |
Apogee altitude | 846.0 kilometres (525.7 mi)[1] |
Inclination | 37.80 degrees[1] |
Period | 94.9 minutes[1] |
Epoch | 15 December 1964 20:24:00 UTC |
San Marco 1, also known as San Marco A, was the first Italian satellite. Built in-house by the Italian Space Research Commission (Italian: Commissione per le Ricerche Spaziali, CRS) on behalf of the National Research Council, it was the first of five as part of the Italian-US San Marco programme.
The name of the spacecraft series comes from the San Marco platform, a Jackup barge used as an offshore launch pad for the main phase of the project. San Marco (English: Saint Mark) is the patron saintofVenice, often depicted as aiding Venetian sailors.[3]
In 1961 the Italian government, led by Amintore Fanfani, approved a plan for the development of an indigenous satellite research programme that had earlier been proposed by the CRS. At the time only the Soviet Union and the United States had launched spacecraft into orbit and Italy lacked a suitable launcher and crews trained in firing orbital rockets. As a result, a cooperative plan was developed with the American space agency NASA who would provide the rockets and the launch crew training for Italians to operate them.[3]
The spacecraft was built by members of the CRS, a group of distinguished Italian scientists and engineers including Edoardo Amaldi, co-founder of major European scientific organisations including CERN and ESRO.
The mission was principally a test-flight of a real satellite to gain experience before launches from Italy's own San Marco platform began, the last of 3 phases of the project.[4]
The primary mission of the San Marco series was to conduct ionospheric (upper-atmosphere) research. As a test satellite San Marco 1 contained relatively few experiments;
San Marco 1 was launched by an Italian crew using an American Scout rocket from Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia, US. Launched on 15 December 1964 at 20:24:00 UTC the satellite destructively re-entered the atmosphere on 13 September 1965.