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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox protected area |
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| name = Srebarna Nature Reserve |
| name = Srebarna Nature Reserve |
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| photo = Dalmatian Pelican and Great Cormorant in danube delta.jpg |
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| iucn_category = Ia |
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| photo = Srebarna-Lake.jpg |
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| photo_caption = Lake Srebarna |
| photo_caption = Lake Srebarna |
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| location = [[Silistra Province]], [[Bulgaria]] |
| location = [[Silistra Province]], [[Bulgaria]] |
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| nearest_city = [[Silistra]] |
| nearest_city = [[Silistra]] |
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| embedded = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site |
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| embedded1 = {{designation list | embed=yes |
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| child = yes |
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| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(x)}}(x) |
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| designation1_date = 1983 <small>(7th [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small> |
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| ID = 219bis |
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| designation1_type = Natural |
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| year = 1983 |
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| designation1_criteria = x |
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| extension = 2008 |
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| designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/219 219] |
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| area = {{convert|638|ha|acre|abbr=on}} |
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| designation1_free1name = State Party |
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| buffer_zone = {{convert|673|ha|acre|abbr=on}} |
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| designation1_free1value = [[Bulgaria]] |
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| designation1_free2name = Region |
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| designation1_free2value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Europe and North America]] |
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| designation1_free3name = [[World Heritage in Danger|Endangered]] |
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| designation1_free3value = 1992–2003 |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Designation list |
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| embed = yes |
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| designation1 = Ramsar |
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| designation1_offname = Srébarna |
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| designation1_date = 24 September 1975 |
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| designation1_number = 64<ref>{{Cite web|title=Srébarna|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/64|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} |
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| map = Bulgaria |
| map = Bulgaria |
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| relief = 1 |
| relief = 1 |
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| map_caption = Location within Bulgaria |
| map_caption = Location within Bulgaria |
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| coordinates = {{coord|44|06|52|N|27|04|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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| lat_d = 44| lat_m = 06| lat_s = 52| lat_NS = N |
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| long_d = 27| long_m = 04| long_s = 41| long_EW = E |
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| area = 6 km<sup>2</sup> |
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| established = 1948 |
| established = 1948 |
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| visitation_num = |
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| visitation_year = |
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| governing_body = |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Srebarna Nature Reserve''' ( |
The '''Srebarna Nature Reserve''' ({{lang-bg|Природен резерват Сребърна}}, transliterated as ''Priroden rezervat Srebarna'') is a [[nature reserve]] in northeastern [[Bulgaria]] ([[Southern Dobruja]]), near the village of the same name, {{Convert|18|km|mi|sp=us}} west of [[Silistra]] and {{Convert|2|km|mi|sp=us|spell=in}} south of the [[Danube]]. It comprises Lake Srebarna and its surroundings, and is an important wetland located on the [[Via Pontica]], a bird migration route between [[Europe]] and [[Africa]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/219 |title = Srebarna Natural Reserve |website = UNESCO World Heritage List |publisher = UNESCO |access-date = 21 March 2021}}</ref> As a result, it provides nesting and migratory habitat for many endangered bird species. |
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The reserve embraces 6 |
The reserve embraces {{Convert|6|km2|mi2|sp=us|spell=in}} of protected area and a buffer zone of {{Convert|5.4|km2|mi2|sp=us}}. The lake's depth varies from {{Convert|1|to|3|m|sp=us|spell=in|ft}}. There is a museum constructed, where a collection of stuffed species typical for the reserve is arranged. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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While Lake Srebarna was studied many times in the past by foreign biologists, the first Bulgarian scientist to take an interest in the area was Aleksi Petrov, who visited the reserve in 1911. In 1913, the whole of Southern Dobrudja was incorporated in [[Romania]], but was returned to Bulgaria in 1940, when the area was visited once again by Petrov to examine the colonies of birds that nest there. |
While Lake Srebarna was studied many times in the past by foreign biologists, the first Bulgarian scientist to take an interest in the area was Aleksi Petrov, who visited the reserve in 1911. In 1913, the whole of Southern Dobrudja was incorporated in [[Romania]], but was returned to Bulgaria in 1940, when the area was visited once again by Petrov to examine the colonies of birds that nest there. |
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[[Image:Srebarna-lake-Svik.jpg|thumb|left| |
[[Image:Srebarna-lake-Svik.jpg|thumb|left|{{center|View towards the Srebarna reserve}}]] |
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The area was proclaimed a nature reserve in 1948 and is a [[Ramsar site]] since 1975. The reserve was recognized as World Natural Heritage Site under the 1972 Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and included in the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage List]] in 1983. |
The area was proclaimed a nature reserve in 1948 and is a [[Ramsar site]] since 1975. The reserve was recognized as World Natural Heritage Site under the 1972 Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and included in the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage List]] in 1983. |
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== Legends == |
== Legends == |
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There are several legends about the origin of the lake's name. The one is about a [[Khan (title)|khan]] named ''Srebrist'', who died in the neighbourhood whilst engaging in an unequal battle with the [[Pechenegs]]. A second one tells about a boat full of silver (''srebro'' in [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]) along the shores of the lake. According to a third one, which is regarded as most plausible, the name comes from the silvery reflections on the lake's surface during full moon. |
There are several legends about the origin of the lake's name. The one is about a [[Khan (title)|khan]] named ''Srebrist'', who died in the neighbourhood whilst engaging in an unequal battle with the [[Pechenegs]]. A second one tells about a boat full of silver (''srebro'' in [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]) along the shores of the lake. According to a third one, which is regarded as most plausible, the name comes from the silvery reflections on the lake's surface during full moon.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}} |
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== Flora and Fauna == |
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== Environment == |
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=== Flora === |
=== Flora === |
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[[Image:Stuffed-Pelicans-Srebarna.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Pelicans in the museum]] |
[[Image:Stuffed-Pelicans-Srebarna.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Pelicans in the museum]] |
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=== Fauna === |
=== Fauna === |
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A wide variety of fauna exists in the area. 39 mammal, 21 reptile and amphibian and 10 fish species inhabit the reserve, |
A wide variety of fauna exists in the area. 39 mammal, 21 reptile and amphibian and 10 fish species inhabit the reserve, but it is most famous for the 179 bird species that nest on its territory. These species include multiple speciesof[[heron]]s and [[cormorant]]s, the [[glossy ibis]], the [[Dalmatian pelican]], the [[mute swan]], the [[greylag goose]], the [[Eurasian marsh harrier|marsh harrier]] and the [[bluethroat]]. Small mammals in the reserve include several shrew and mice species. <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Sichanov |first1= Daniel |last2= Popov |first2= Vasil |last3 = Biserkov |first3 = Valko |last4 = Zidarova |first4 = Sirma |last5 = Chipev |first5 = Nesho |date= 2006 |title= Spatial Pattern and Diversity of Small Mammal Assemblages in the Area of the Srebarna Managed Nature Reserve (NE Bulgaria) |url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316844190 |journal= Acta Zoologica Bulgarica |volume= 58 |issue= 2 |pages= 209–222 |access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref> |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery class="center" caption="Gallery with 360° panorama pictures from the reserve" widths="180px" heights="100px"> |
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Image: Srebarna Nature Reserve 01.jpg| |
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Image: Srebarna Nature Reserve 02.jpg| |
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Image: Srebarna Nature Reserve 03.jpg| |
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Image: Srebarna Nature Reserve 04.jpg| |
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Image: Srebarna Nature Reserve 05.jpg| |
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</gallery> |
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==Honour== |
==Honour== |
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[[Srebarna Glacier]] on [[Livingston Island]] in the [[South Shetland Islands]], [[Antarctica]] is named after Srebarna. |
[[Srebarna Glacier]] on [[Livingston Island]] in the [[South Shetland Islands]], [[Antarctica]] is named after Srebarna. |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Srebarna Nature Reserve}} |
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* [ |
* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/219 Official UNESCO website entry] |
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* [http://www.seebg.net/Srebarna/indexA.html Lake Srebarna - virtual tour] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927232547/http://www.seebg.net/Srebarna/indexA.html Lake Srebarna - virtual tour] |
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* [http://www.srebarnabirding.com Pelican Lake Environmental Project Centre] |
* [http://www.srebarnabirding.com Pelican Lake Environmental Project Centre] |
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* [http://www.srebarnabirding.blogspot.com Life in Srebarna] |
* [http://www.srebarnabirding.blogspot.com Life in Srebarna] |
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* [http://danubemap.eu/srebarna danubemap.eu] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111024012109/http://danubemap.eu/srebarna danubemap.eu] |
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* [http://srebarnalake.com Lake Srebarna - Official page] |
* [http://srebarnalake.com Lake Srebarna - Official page] |
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{{Unesco-bg}} |
{{Unesco-bg}} |
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{{Protected areas of Bulgaria}} |
{{Protected areas of Bulgaria}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Nature reserves in Bulgaria]] |
[[Category:Nature reserves in Bulgaria]] |
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[[Category:Geography of Silistra Province]] |
[[Category:Geography of Silistra Province]] |
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[[Category:Landforms of Silistra Province]] |
[[Category:Landforms of Silistra Province]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Ramsar sites in Bulgaria]] |
[[Category:Ramsar sites in Bulgaria]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Silistra Province]] |
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[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Danger]] |
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Danger]] |
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[[Category:Protected areas established in 1948]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| Srebarna Nature Reserve | |
|---|---|
Lake Srebarna
| |
  Location within Bulgaria | |
| Location | Silistra Province, Bulgaria |
| Nearest city | Silistra |
| Coordinates | 44°06′52″N 27°04′41″E / 44.11444°N 27.07806°E / 44.11444; 27.07806 |
| Established | 1948 |
UNESCO World Heritage Site
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| Criteria | Natural: (x) |
| Reference | 219bis |
| Inscription | 1983 (7th Session) |
| Extensions | 2008 |
| Area | 638 ha (1,580 acres) |
| Buffer zone | 673 ha (1,660 acres) |
| Official name | Srébarna |
| Designated | 24 September 1975 |
| Reference no. | 64[1] |
The Srebarna Nature Reserve (Bulgarian: Природен резерват Сребърна, transliterated as Priroden rezervat Srebarna) is a nature reserve in northeastern Bulgaria (Southern Dobruja), near the village of the same name, 18 kilometers (11 mi) west of Silistra and two kilometers (1.2 mi) south of the Danube. It comprises Lake Srebarna and its surroundings, and is an important wetland located on the Via Pontica, a bird migration route between Europe and Africa.[2] As a result, it provides nesting and migratory habitat for many endangered bird species.
The reserve embraces six square kilometers (2.3 sq mi) of protected area and a buffer zone of 5.4 square kilometers (2.1 sq mi). The lake's depth varies from one to three meters (3.3 to 9.8 ft). There is a museum constructed, where a collection of stuffed species typical for the reserve is arranged.
While Lake Srebarna was studied many times in the past by foreign biologists, the first Bulgarian scientist to take an interest in the area was Aleksi Petrov, who visited the reserve in 1911. In 1913, the whole of Southern Dobrudja was incorporated in Romania, but was returned to Bulgaria in 1940, when the area was visited once again by Petrov to examine the colonies of birds that nest there.
The area was proclaimed a nature reserve in 1948 and is a Ramsar site since 1975. The reserve was recognized as World Natural Heritage Site under the 1972 Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1983.
There are several legends about the origin of the lake's name. The one is about a khan named Srebrist, who died in the neighbourhood whilst engaging in an unequal battle with the Pechenegs. A second one tells about a boat full of silver (srebroinBulgarian) along the shores of the lake. According to a third one, which is regarded as most plausible, the name comes from the silvery reflections on the lake's surface during full moon.[citation needed]
There are hydrophyte species such as reed in and around the lake. The reserve is home to 139 plant species, 11 of them are in danger of extinction outside the territory of Srebarna.
A wide variety of fauna exists in the area. 39 mammal, 21 reptile and amphibian and 10 fish species inhabit the reserve, but it is most famous for the 179 bird species that nest on its territory. These species include multiple species of herons and cormorants, the glossy ibis, the Dalmatian pelican, the mute swan, the greylag goose, the marsh harrier and the bluethroat. Small mammals in the reserve include several shrew and mice species. [3]
Srebarna GlacieronLivingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Srebarna.
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