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I understand that customs and passport control are different. However, being British, we do not (yet) have id cards and any official who may request id must be given my passport, even if they are only customs.
I rented a car in Germany (German plates) and drove to the Danish border near Flensburg. I passed the "Danmark" sign, the road surface changed and thought that I would see no border control at all. However, a Danish police or customs officer flagged all the cars I could see (prob not the ones with Danish plates) and me into a picnic area where I voluntarity presented my passport and complied with requests for a quick rifle thru my suitcase for drugs etc. Then I went on my way.
After the Oresund Bridge you land in Sweden and go through the toll booths to pay for using the bridge. A short distance after the booth I was flagged down by a Swedish customs officer to whom I again presented my passport before being asked for it. I expect Swedish/Danish cars are not flagged down. After a couple of how long/where/why questions I was allowed on my way.
Crossing the border from Sweden towards Oslo there is a toll booth for the motorway but no customs for cars, but I think there is a lane for trucks.
So there is customs control and stopping of traffic at both these borders which are both internal to the Schengen area. This is quite proper and I think a good idea, but doesn't the article at least IMPLY that there are no controls at all.
It still seems to depend a lot on the car, the plates and the time of day. Swiss border points are almost always guarded. Eastern European cars get a lot more attention and are made to leave the queue and every piece of luggage is searched. But then they are often economic migrants with ALL their posessions. --81.105.243.17 (talk) 00:20, 12 June 2008 (UTC)[reply]
There are controls, especially at the Swedish side of the Oresund bridge. You had a little bad luck because from my experience there are rarely controls at the other mentioned borders. After the german-danish border you had a police control, not customs control, since in Denmark drugs is a police matter, not customs matter. They are checking local cars also, but some nationalities and personal looks (like dark skin) is little more suspicious than other. --BIL (talk) 11:15, 4 August 2008 (UTC)[reply]
As pointed out in the "Customs controls" part of the article, stops are permitted as long as they are not "equivalent to border controls", which means that a person is stopped at or near the border merely for crossing it. However, checks based on police intelligence (also profiles) are still permitted - in some jurisdictions (e.g. Bavaria) even on all transit routes. Or, to take another example, the German Federal Police is entitled to ask anyone present at a German airport or train station for indentification (but not more, they may, e.g., not search a person without proper reason). In other jurisdictions (e.g. the German state of Nordrhein-Westfalen), police may not ask for identification without a suspicion, but they may check the drivers license and vehicle papers of any driver without further reason (leading persons to identify themselves), and may require the presentation of the mandatory warning triangle (which allows them to have a look into the trunk, as the triangle is usually stored there). Thus, police know many ways to perform legal inland checks. And those are considered mere inland and not border controls, being subject to the local police laws. It could also happen to anyone to be pulled over on London Orbital. However, I cannot count how many times I had passed Schengen internal borders, and I have never been checked there. --DanSchultz (talk) 22:57, 10 August 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Length
This article really needs to be shortened. it is very lengthy in parts. lots of it seem copy and paste of Schengen policy verbatim with no summary. like what is the need for Judicial Cooperation section? Michellecrisp (talk) 15:03, 11 July 2008 (UTC)[reply]
The need for the judicial cooperation section simply is that judicial cooperation forms a an original part of the Schengen Agreements and a very important part of the Schengen and overall EU policies, and, without it, the abolishment of border controls would have failed. Of course, it would be possible to shorten the article, and to simply tell (to put it to an extreme, not meant personally): "Yeah, can crossa border withouta visa and withouta some guy stopping 'ya, an whenna overstayed, yeah, looka at the Wikipedia whatcha gonna say then to da cops", but the overall (and multi-topic) concept of the agreement would not be explained. It would, perhaps, well be possible to split up the article and create some sub-topics, but the wealth of all the information should not be put into the trashbin.
BTW: This article contains much more precise information than anything what you can read on the EU pages on europa.eu (some of which had not been updated for some ten years). I myself added a lot of information on the judicial coooperation piece, and I did not "copy and paste" anything on this, in particular not from "Schengen policy verbatims". Even more, I referenced everything I wrote. Could you please clearly identify (stating the URL or other source) even one "verbatim" you are blaming the authors of "copying and pasting" from? If you cannot (and I am sure you cannot), please stop flaming the many co-authors here in the discussion box and read some article about "AGF", which means: "Assume good faith". --DanSchultz (talk) 22:58, 10 August 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Having taken an occasional interest in this article, I disagree with the contention that it's too long. The article, as it currently stands, is fairly tightly edited. The subject merits the detailed discussion given by the article. Or do you have suggestions for compressing it? Is there fluff, or information peripheral to the subject? Teemu Leisti (talk) 10:01, 11 August 2008 (UTC)[reply]
I think the problem is more about organisation, the amount of data seems overwhelming and it is hard to understand where it all fits in. Perhaps better summeries at the top of sections and moving some of the detail out to other pages (which could help make this page less technical)?- J Logant: 10:10, 11 August 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Well, the subject is dry and technical, and hard to make into a ripping yarn. On the other hand, I don't quite understand your point about fitting in; the text and its subdivisions seem quite clear to me. But if anyone has suggestions on how exactly to improve the article, they'll be quite welcome, I'm sure. But I'm opposed to moving anything out of the current article elsewhere, since I don't really see anything in the article that is peripheral to its subject. Teemu Leisti (talk) 10:37, 11 August 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Could we not at least put the history section at the top? Most people who read this article will be far more interested in the history of it and the way that it has affected Europe (which doesn't seem to be dealt with at all) than the legal details of it. I say this as a lawyer myself. Art Markham (talk) 14:07, 13 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Usually, the history of some currently existing thing (institution, mechanism, etc.) is not dealt with at the top. For example, in the article "United States of America", you would at first like to learn what that currently is (a state, a republic, a federation, etc.), the territory, political system, demographics, economy, and so on. After that, you get the information how everything has developed to what it is today. BTW, what most people who read this article probably want to know is - if they need a visa, and how to get it (but this is an encyclopedia and not a travel handbook). --DanSchultz (talk) 11:49, 25 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Livigno and Campione d'Italia.j
It is disputable if Livigno is part of Schengen or not. Technically it is: the Guardia di Finanza check goods and not passports, but we could say that Livigno is not part of the EU customs area. In Livigno there is the "Polizia di Frontiera" (border police, part of the State Police) and the Carabinieri that check passports on the borders that Livigno has with Switzerland (and the Guardia di Finanza check the goods). The Polizia di Frontiera will stay (like on other Italian borders) to check passports randomly.
Campione d'Italia on the other hand is not part of Schengen as being surrounded by Switzerland the checks are actually done by the Swiss border guards when entering Switzerland. There is no border between Switzerland and Campione d'Italia but the Swiss authorities cannot access the area and the Carabinieri are the police force there. There is no "Polizia di Frontiera" there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.45.128.112 (talk) 17:30, 11 August 2008 (UTC)[reply]
At the moment I have not found anything, but it is something clear that if you find Guardia di Finanza on the border they will be more interested about your goods rather than your passport/ID card. They can still check but under Italian legislation Polizia di Frontiera (part of Polizia di Stato) and Carabinieri Servizio di Frontiera are in charge of fix passport checks on non Schengen borders and random checks on Schengen borders. Guardia di Finanza can still do checks on passports but are more involved in fighting illegal immigration on the Mediterranean sea.
Livigno is NOT an enclave in Switzerland and has always been part of Schengen. There are no references to demonstrate that Livigno is not part of Schengen. I've been there many times and was never asked for a passport. The Guardia di Finanza do not check people entering Livigno, they check people exiting Livigno but mainly goods. 81.174.61.193 (talk) 16:28, 27 October 2008 (UTC)-[reply]
If they ask for passport/ID card it is probably because they want to know the identity from a police perspective, not for immigration control. For example if you are stopped at a road for alcohol check in my country, the first thing the police asks is for the drivers licence. --BIL (talk) 10:30, 12 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
That's right, in Italy they can ask for ID anytime but that does not mean that Italy is not part of Schengen. Livigno has been put as not being part of Schengen without any references! I have removed Livigno from not being part of the Schengen area. 81.174.61.193 (talk) 08:53, 17 December 2008 (UTC)-[reply]
The article says about Switzerland "Initially border controls of travellers with a schengen visa will be lifted only for roadways, while for airways the controls will be lifted on 29 March 2009, subject to certain conditions." I know Switzerland has major international railway links. (Waterways may also be an issue, but a significantly lesser one.) --NE209:51, 13 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Fixed. I changed "road border crossings" to "land borders". Controls have been lifted for all land borders, be it roads, railways, footpaths, ferries, swimming across the Rhine or whatever. TiffaF (talk) 07:13, 16 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
EU terminology only knows land, sea, and air borders, an I think this is common usage everywhere, at least also in the U.S. (DHS refers to land borders and not to "surface borders"). --DanSchultz (talk) 11:52, 25 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Middle Eastern visitors
I am not sure but I have observed long term stays by some wealthy Middle Eastern citizens in Europe over the summers of several years. This is often done as a long holiday and to escape the heat of the area in the summer. I believe that what used to happen was that they would obtain a Schengen visa which is valid for France or Britain and then spend 3 months on it in London or Paris 5 star hotels, but they would extend their European stay by having also obtained a separate Visa for a 3 month stay in Switzerland, and then stay in 5 star hotels perhaps in Zurich or Geneva.
1. Am I right in saying that because the UK was part of the JUDICIAL cooperation of Schengen that non-European citizens were required to have a Schengen visa for the UK rather than a UK one because although the UK still has border controls, that is the ONLY difference.
and
2. Am I right in saying that since Switzerland joined Schengen 12/12/08, any stay in the CONTINENT of Europe now that goes beyond 3 months would require one to leave the zone for Andorra, Liechtenstein, the former Yugoslavia, Ukraine, Romania etc. rather than anywhere inside it?
3. Since Liechtenstein has few embassies, the Swiss embassies always decided on who to let in and did the issuing of the visas. Are they therefore now issuing Liechtenstein visas but not Swiss ones?
--LeedsKing (talk) 19:21, 13 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
The UK does not belong to the Schengen area. You can stay up to 6 months in the UK as a tourist. The stay in the Schengen area (now including Switzerland) is limited to 90 days per semester.
re 1) The UK does not issue Schengen visas. It has its own, separate visa system.
re 2) The only countries on the European continent (apart from the UK/Ireland) that are now non-Schengen are : Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Albania & Kosovo. Andorra is also theroetically extra-Schengen, but since no-one requires a visa to enter but everyone must have a valid (double-entry) Schengen visa to pass and return to Spain or France, which are not issued for tourists, it in essence is only accessible to Europeans, resident aliens and non-visa nationals, or business travellers with multiple entry visas. Liechtenstein's status is still pending and will be sorted out in the comming months.
re 3) Previously Switzerland & Liechtenstein had a common visa area. That has now changed, so in theory Swiss police will have to introduce border checks at the Liechtenstein border. It remains to be seen if these will actually be implemented. Currently Liechteinstein is not issuing visas. Passportguy (talk) 22:35, 13 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Re point (2): Cyprus is not in Schengen and has the same legal status for this purpose as Bulgaria and Romania. Given the division of the island, it will probably join Schengen after the other two states, if at all. Xenos2008 (talk) 04:05, 14 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Kosovo, border controls and Schengen
The inclusion (or not) of Kosovo as a country in this article should be related to its formal position in the Schengen world. Since the declaration of indepenendence, I do not know what has happened with passports etc. There used to be a dual system with UNMIK identity travel documents and Serbian passports (which most Kosovars refused to touch). If this has changed, then it would seem reasonable to call Kosovo a country, although maybe some note about the administrative arrangements would be in order. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.129.195.216 (talk) 18:40, 14 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
I removed the whole sentence since it's unreferenced. I think this save us the trouble to guess what the status is. Moreover, I don't think that Greece for example, has a different procedure for citizens from different regions of Servia. According to Greece's POV a citizen from Kosovo has the same rights with a citizen for Belgrade. -- Magioladitis (talk) 20:29, 14 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Greece is the most pro-Serb country in the EU, so it is hardly typical. I do not know if a Schengen visa can be issued to a UNMIK travel document. Somehow, I doubt it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.75.229.168 (talk) 21:46, 14 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
The statement "Before World War I, one could travel from Paris to Saint Petersburg without a passport" is a quote from a historian being interviewed as part of a newspaper article, and is really just an example of what you could do at the time (and continued with "European culture that went from Lisbon to Moscow"). It is also only moderately informative (why those particular cities?), as it could be compatible with a variety of border control regiems. For example it could mean:
A particular railway route between Paris and St. Petersburg was not subject to border controls.
There were uncontrolled borders between France, Russia, and intervening countries.
No European countries had border controls.
Any of the above, but with "no border controls" replaced with "border controls that did not require passports".
There were border/passport controls, but they could be waived under certain circumstances.
There were border/passport controls, but they were lax and easily circumvented
Does anyone have any more detailed information about what controls (if any) there were between and within European countries (I know some countries at certain periods had internal movement controls)? And was this former "European culture that went from Lisbon to Moscow" the result of any formal agreements/ treaties/ understandings, or just the result of no-one caring about border controls? And were there external border controls, as with Schengen? Wardog (talk) 11:12, 17 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
Before WW1, there were only two international borders between Paris and Moscow: France/Germany and Germany/Russia. (Poland didn't exist then as a soverign state, the area where ethnic Poles live was carved up between Germany, Austria and Russia.) According to this document Germany did indeed not require passports for international travel at the time, so the statement is likely to be true. However it does not say there were no border controls, presumably there were. And the situation was not the result of any Schengen-like passport union but of an individual country's decision to conduct relaxed border controls.
The statement about European culture is not about a formal agreement, but a historical one as you wold expect from a historian. The civilisation(s) of all European country are directly rooted in European antiquity (Rome and Greece) and share many similar traits in all fields, their languages are related (with some exceptions), and their religion is mostly Christian. That is probably what he means. Anorak2 (talk) 12:14, 17 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
The authoritative source for understanding the historical evolution of European border controls and documentation of inidividuals is The Invention of the Passport, John Torpey (Cambridge UP, 2000). It takes quite some reading to answer the above questions. but the general context is that most European countries had started to dismantle border controls and travel restrictions in the mid-late 19th century, and they were reimposed just before or after WWI. It is all part of the nationalism trend of the build-up to the two world wars and anti-globalisation policies of that period. The evolution of Schengen can therefore be most easily identified as the post-war co-operation (Benelux, in particular) that occurred in parallel with the Treaty of Rome. Of course, you should be aware that there were no real travel restrictions for the rich and powerful, so we are talking all the time in this context about the poor and common people. Xenos2008 (talk) 13:33, 17 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]
