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{{Short description|Deciduous forest in the temperate regions}} |
{{Short description|Deciduous forest in the temperate regions}} |
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[[File:Primeval beech forest, Badínsky prales.jpg| thumb|right|Old growth beech forest in Slovakia.]] |
[[File:Primeval beech forest, Badínsky prales.jpg| thumb|right|Old growth beech forest in Slovakia.]] |
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'''[[Temperate]] deciduous''' or '''temperate broad-leaf forests''' are a variety of [[temperate forest]] 'dominated' by trees that lose their leaves each year. They are found in areas with warm moist summers and cool winters. The six major areas of this [[forest]] type occur in the [[Northern Hemisphere]]: [[North America]], [[East Asia]], [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Western Europe]] (except [[Brittany]], [[Cornwall]], [[Wales]], [[Ireland]] and western [[Scotland]]), northern [[Spain]], [[Denmark]], southern [[Sweden]], southern [[Norway]] and in the southern hemisphere in [[Patagonia]] ([[Chile]] and [[Argentina]]). Temperate evergreen forests occur in [[Australasia]], [[New Zealand]] and southern [[South America]] (except for some areas in [[Chile]] and [[Argentina]] where there are deciduous forests), they are not deciduous |
'''[[Temperate]] deciduous''' or '''temperate broad-leaf forests''' are a variety of [[temperate forest]] 'dominated' by trees that lose their leaves each year. They are found in areas with warm moist summers and cool winters. The six major areas of this [[forest]] type occur in the [[Northern Hemisphere]]: [[North America]], [[East Asia]], [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Western Europe]] (except [[Brittany]], [[Cornwall]], [[Wales]], [[Ireland]] and western [[Scotland]]), northern [[Spain]], [[Denmark]], southern [[Sweden]], southern [[Norway]] and in the southern hemisphere in [[Patagonia]] ([[Chile]] and [[Argentina]]). Temperate evergreen forests occur in [[Australasia]], [[New Zealand]] and southern [[South America]] (except for some areas in [[Chile]] and [[Argentina]] where there are deciduous forests), but they are not deciduous like their northern-hemisphere equivalents. Examples of typical trees in the Northern Hemisphere's deciduous forests include [[oak]], [[maple]], [[basswood]], [[beech]] and [[elm]], while in the [[Southern Hemisphere]], trees of the genus ''[[Nothofagus]]'' dominate this type of forest. They are also bound to receive heavy rainfall. |
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== Resources == |
== Resources == |
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Temperate deciduousortemperate broad-leaf forests are a variety of temperate forest 'dominated' by trees that lose their leaves each year. They are found in areas with warm moist summers and cool winters. The six major areas of this forest type occur in the Northern Hemisphere: North America, East Asia, Central and Western Europe (except Brittany, Cornwall, Wales, Ireland and western Scotland), northern Spain, Denmark, southern Sweden, southern Norway and in the southern hemisphere in Patagonia (Chile and Argentina). Temperate evergreen forests occur in Australasia, New Zealand and southern South America (except for some areas in Chile and Argentina where there are deciduous forests), but they are not deciduous like their northern-hemisphere equivalents. Examples of typical trees in the Northern Hemisphere's deciduous forests include oak, maple, basswood, beech and elm, while in the Southern Hemisphere, trees of the genus Nothofagus dominate this type of forest. They are also bound to receive heavy rainfall.
Humans have often colonised areas in the temperate deciduous forest. They have harvested wood for timber and charcoal.[1] During the European colonization of North America, potash made from tree ashes was exported back to Europe as fertilizer. This left less than one-quarter of original forests remaining. Many forests are now small fragments dissected by fields and roads; these islands of green often differ substantially from the original forests, particularly along the edges.[2][3] The introduction of exotic diseases continues to be a threat to forest trees, and hence, the forest;[4][5] examples include the loss of chestnut and elm. At the same time, species such as deer, which are clearing rather than true forest animals, have expanded their range and proliferated in these altered landscapes.[6] Large deer populations have deleterious effects on tree regeneration overall, but particularly for edible species including yew, yellow birch, and hemlock. Deer grazing also has significant negative effects on the number and kind of herbaceous flowering plants.[7] The continuing pressure to increase deer populations, and the continued killing of top carnivores, suggests that overgrazing by deer will continue.
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