J
u
m
p
t
o
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
M
a
i
n
m
e
n
u
M
a
i
n
m
e
n
u
m
o
v
e
t
o
s
i
d
e
b
a
r
h
i
d
e
N
a
v
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
●
M
a
i
n
p
a
g
e
●
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
●
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
e
v
e
n
t
s
●
R
a
n
d
o
m
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
●
A
b
o
u
t
W
i
k
i
p
e
d
i
a
●
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
u
s
●
D
o
n
a
t
e
C
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
●
H
e
l
p
●
L
e
a
r
n
t
o
e
d
i
t
●
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
p
o
r
t
a
l
●
R
e
c
e
n
t
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
●
U
p
l
o
a
d
f
i
l
e
S
e
a
r
c
h
Search
A
p
p
e
a
r
a
n
c
e
●
C
r
e
a
t
e
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
●
L
o
g
i
n
P
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
t
o
o
l
s
●
C
r
e
a
t
e
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
●
L
o
g
i
n
P
a
g
e
s
f
o
r
l
o
g
g
e
d
o
u
t
e
d
i
t
o
r
s
l
e
a
r
n
m
o
r
e
●
C
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
●
T
a
l
k
T
e
m
p
l
a
t
e
:
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
l
f
a
l
l
a
c
i
e
s
6
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
●
A
f
r
i
k
a
a
n
s
●
ا
ل
ع
ر
ب
ي
ة
●
ف
ا
ر
س
ی
●
M
a
g
y
a
r
●
粵
語
●
中
文
E
d
i
t
l
i
n
k
s
●
T
e
m
p
l
a
t
e
●
T
a
l
k
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
●
R
e
a
d
●
E
d
i
t
●
V
i
e
w
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
T
o
o
l
s
T
o
o
l
s
m
o
v
e
t
o
s
i
d
e
b
a
r
h
i
d
e
A
c
t
i
o
n
s
●
R
e
a
d
●
E
d
i
t
●
V
i
e
w
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
●
W
h
a
t
l
i
n
k
s
h
e
r
e
●
R
e
l
a
t
e
d
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
●
U
p
l
o
a
d
f
i
l
e
●
S
p
e
c
i
a
l
p
a
g
e
s
●
P
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
l
i
n
k
●
P
a
g
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
●
G
e
t
s
h
o
r
t
e
n
e
d
U
R
L
●
D
o
w
n
l
o
a
d
Q
R
c
o
d
e
●
W
i
k
i
d
a
t
a
i
t
e
m
P
r
i
n
t
/
e
x
p
o
r
t
●
P
r
i
n
t
a
b
l
e
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
A
p
p
e
a
r
a
n
c
e
m
o
v
e
t
o
s
i
d
e
b
a
r
h
i
d
e
F
r
o
m
W
i
k
i
p
e
d
i
a
,
t
h
e
f
r
e
e
e
n
c
y
c
l
o
p
e
d
i
a
T
h
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
l
d
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
a
g
e
,
a
s
e
d
i
t
e
d
b
y
J
m
a
b
e
l
(
t
a
l
k
|
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
s
)
at
0
4
:
5
7
,
2
8
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
6
(
c
h
a
n
g
e
t
o
g
e
t
r
i
d
o
f
"
c
l
i
c
k
h
e
r
e
"
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
(
U
R
L
)
i
s
a
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
l
i
n
k
t
o
t
h
i
s
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
,
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
.
Revision as of 04:57, 28 December 2006 by
Jmabel
(
talk
|
contribs
)
(change to get rid of "click here")
(
d
i
f
f
)
←
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
|
L
a
t
e
s
t
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
(
d
i
f
f
)
|
N
e
w
e
r
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
→
(
d
i
f
f
)
Informal fallacies
v
t
e
Special pleading
|
Red herring
|
Gambler's fallacy
and its
inverse
Fallacy of distribution
(
Composition
|
Division
) |
Begging the question
|
Many questions
Correlative-based fallacies
:
False dilemma
(
Perfect solution
) |
Denying the correlative
|
Suppressed correlative
Deductive fallacies
:
Accident
|
Converse accident
Inductive fallacies
:
Hasty generalization
|
Overwhelming exception
|
Biased sample
False analogy
|
Misleading vividness
|
Conjunction fallacy
Vagueness
:
False precision
|
Slippery slope
Ambiguity
:
Amphiboly
|
Continuum fallacy
|
False attribution
(
Contextomy
|
Quoting out of context
)
Equivocation
(
Fallacy of four terms
|
Loki's Wager
|
No true Scotsman
)
Questionable cause
:
Correlation does not imply causation
|
Coincidental correlation
|
Regression fallacy
Texas sharpshooter
|
Circular cause and consequence
|
Wrong direction
|
Single cause
Other types of fallacy
R
e
t
r
i
e
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
"
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Informal_fallacies&oldid=96878552
"
H
i
d
d
e
n
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
:
●
R
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
a
W
i
k
i
d
a
t
a
i
t
e
m
●
T
h
i
s
p
a
g
e
w
a
s
l
a
s
t
e
d
i
t
e
d
o
n
2
8
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
6
,
a
t
0
4
:
5
7
(
U
T
C
)
.
●
T
h
i
s
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
a
g
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
r
e
v
i
s
e
d
.
B
e
s
i
d
e
s
n
o
r
m
a
l
e
d
i
t
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
s
o
n
f
o
r
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
m
a
y
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
t
h
a
t
t
h
i
s
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
f
a
c
t
u
a
l
i
n
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
i
e
s
,
v
a
n
d
a
l
i
s
m
,
o
r
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
n
o
t
c
o
m
p
a
t
i
b
l
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
C
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
C
o
m
m
o
n
s
A
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
-
S
h
a
r
e
A
l
i
k
e
L
i
c
e
n
s
e
.
●
P
r
i
v
a
c
y
p
o
l
i
c
y
●
A
b
o
u
t
W
i
k
i
p
e
d
i
a
●
D
i
s
c
l
a
i
m
e
r
s
●
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
W
i
k
i
p
e
d
i
a
●
C
o
d
e
o
f
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
●
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
r
s
●
S
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
s
●
C
o
o
k
i
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
●
M
o
b
i
l
e
v
i
e
w
