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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox NRHP |
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| name = Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator |
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| nrhp_type = nhl |
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| image = |
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| image = Mariner 10 in JPLs 25-foot space simulator.gif |
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| caption = |
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| caption = Mariner 10 in the Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator |
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| location = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], [[Pasadena, California]] |
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| lat_degrees = 34 |
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| coordinates = {{coord|34|12|9.8|N|118|10|22.4|W|display=inline,title}} |
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| lat_minutes = 12 |
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| locmapin = USA Los Angeles Metropolitan Area#California#USA |
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| lat_seconds = 9.78 |
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| area = less than one acre |
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| lat_direction = N |
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| built = {{start date|1961}} |
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| long_degrees = 118 |
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| long_minutes = 10 |
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| designated_nrhp_type = October 3, 1985<ref name=nhl_summary>{{Cite web | title = Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator | work = National Historic Landmarks Quioklinks | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | url = http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2073&ResourceType=Structure | access-date = 18 March 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101213025605/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2073&ResourceType=Structure | archive-date = 13 December 2010 }}</ref> |
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| long_seconds = 22.36 |
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| added = October 3, 1985<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref> |
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| long_direction = W |
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| locmapin = California |
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| area = |
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| built =1961 |
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| architecture= |
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| designated_nrhp_type = [[October 03]], [[1985]]<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1929&ResourceType=Structure |
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|title=Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator |accessdate=2008-02-13|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> |
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| added = [[October 03]], [[1985]]<ref name="nris">{{cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2007-01-23|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> |
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| governing_body = [[NASA]] |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator''' is |
The '''Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator''' is a chamber for testing spacecraft in space-like conditions, including extreme cold, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressure. Built in 1961, it is located at the [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] in [[Pasadena, California]]. It has been used to prepare many American space probes for their launches, including the [[Ranger program|Ranger]], [[Surveyor Program|Surveyor]], [[Mariner program|Mariner]], and [[Voyager program|Voyager]] spacecraft. |
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The first facility of its type, the chamber served as an example for other countries seeking to establish space programs.<ref name="nrhpinv2">{{Cite web|author=Harry A. Butowsky|date=May 15, 1984|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Twenty-Five Foot Space Simulator|url={{NHLS url|id=85002812}}|format=pdf|publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=85002812|title=''Accompanying 2 photos, exterior and interior, from 1983''|photos=y}} {{small|(32 KB)}}</ref> It was declared a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1985 and is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nhl_summary" /><ref name="nris" /> |
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==Description== |
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The Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator is a stainless-steel cylinder {{convert|85|ft|m}} in height and {{convert|27|ft|m}} in diameter. A doorway {{convert|15|ft|m}} wide and {{convert|25|ft|m}} high provides access for bringing test objects and equipment into the chamber; a personnel access door is built into the larger doorway. Its walls and floor are lined with cooling shrouds that help provide a controllable temperature range from {{convert|-320|F|C}} to {{convert|200|F|C}}. A series of lamps, lenses, and mirrors can irradiate the chamber with a directed beam of simulated solar energy in a variety of patterns and strengths. The chamber can be depressurized to 5×10<sup>−7</sup> [[torr]]. Test objects can be mounted with a number of attachment points and methods. The chamber is mounted on a seismically isolated foundation.<ref name="nrhpinv2" /> The chamber requires about 75 minutes to achieve a space-like environment, and about 2{{frac|1|2}} hours to return to a normal environment. |
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Next to the chamber is a [[clean room]] in which equipment can be prepared for testing.<ref name="nrhpinv2" /> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Space Environment Simulation Laboratory]], built in 1965 at the [[Johnson Space Center]] in Texas |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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<references /> |
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{{Commons category|JPL Space Simulator}} |
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{{Spaceflight landmarks}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |
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{{California-NRHP-stub}} |
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[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in California]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Pasadena, California]] |
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[[Category:Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in California]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1961]] |
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⚫ | [[Category:Buildings and structures in Pasadena, California]] |
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Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator | |
![]()
Mariner 10 in the Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator
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Location | Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California |
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Coordinates | 34°12′9.8″N 118°10′22.4″W / 34.202722°N 118.172889°W / 34.202722; -118.172889 |
Area | less than one acre |
Built | 1961 (1961) |
Architect | NASA |
NRHP reference No. | 85002812 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | October 3, 1985[1] |
Designated NHL | October 3, 1985[2] |
The Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator is a chamber for testing spacecraft in space-like conditions, including extreme cold, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressure. Built in 1961, it is located at the Jet Propulsion LaboratoryinPasadena, California. It has been used to prepare many American space probes for their launches, including the Ranger, Surveyor, Mariner, and Voyager spacecraft.
The first facility of its type, the chamber served as an example for other countries seeking to establish space programs.[3] It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1985 and is on the National Register of Historic Places.[2][1]
The Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator is a stainless-steel cylinder 85 feet (26 m) in height and 27 feet (8.2 m) in diameter. A doorway 15 feet (4.6 m) wide and 25 feet (7.6 m) high provides access for bringing test objects and equipment into the chamber; a personnel access door is built into the larger doorway. Its walls and floor are lined with cooling shrouds that help provide a controllable temperature range from −320 °F (−195.6 °C) to 200 °F (93 °C). A series of lamps, lenses, and mirrors can irradiate the chamber with a directed beam of simulated solar energy in a variety of patterns and strengths. The chamber can be depressurized to 5×10−7 torr. Test objects can be mounted with a number of attachment points and methods. The chamber is mounted on a seismically isolated foundation.[3] The chamber requires about 75 minutes to achieve a space-like environment, and about 21⁄2 hours to return to a normal environment.
Next to the chamber is a clean room in which equipment can be prepared for testing.[3]
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