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{{Short description|United States Space Force military communications satellite constellation}} |
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{{Use American English|date=May 2021}} |
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{{Infobox spaceflight |
{{Infobox spaceflight |
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| name |
| name = USA-214 |
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| names_list = [[Advanced Extremely High Frequency|AEHF-1]]<br/>Advanced Extremely High Frequency-1 |
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| image = AEHF 1.jpg |
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| image_caption = Artist's impression of an AEHF-1 satellite |
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| image_size = 300px |
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| mission_type |
| mission_type = [[Military communications]] |
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| operator |
| operator = [[United States Air Force]] / [[United States Space Force]] |
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| COSPAR_ID = 2010-039A |
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| SATCAT = 36868 |
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| website = https://www.spaceforce.mil/ |
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| mission_duration = |
| mission_duration = 14 years (planned)<br/>{{time interval|14 August 2010|show=ymd}} ''(in progress)'' |
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| spacecraft = AEHF-1 |
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| spacecraft_type = |
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| spacecraft_bus = [[Lockheed Martin A2100|A2100M]] |
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| launch_mass = {{convert|6168|kg}} |
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| launch_mass = {{cvt|6168|kg}} |
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| dimensions = |
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| launch_date |
| launch_date = 14 August 2010, 11:07:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] |
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| launch_rocket |
| launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 531 (AV-019) |
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| launch_site |
| launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] |
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| launch_contractor |
| launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] |
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| entered_service = |
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| disposal_type = |
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| deactivated = |
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| last_contact = <!-- {{end-date|[insert date here]}} --> |
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| last_contact = |
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| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]<ref name="heavens-above">{{cite web|url=http://www.heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=36868|title=AEHF 1 (USA 214)|publisher=Heavens Above|access-date=25 December 2013}}</ref> |
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| orbit_regime = [[Geosynchronous orbit]] |
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| orbit_longitude = |
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| orbit_regime = [[Geosynchronous orbit|Geosynchronous]] |
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| apsis = gee |
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| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|35808|km|mi}} |
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| insignia = |
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| insignia_caption = |
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| orbit_period = 23.93 hours |
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| insignia_size = 200px |
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| programme = [[Advanced Extremely High Frequency|Advanced Extremely High Frequency program]] |
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| previous_mission = |
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| next_mission = [[USA-235|AEHF-2]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''USA-214''', known |
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⚫ | '''USA-214''', also known as '''Advanced Extremely High Frequency-1''' or '''AEHF-1''', is a military [[communications satellite]] operated by the [[United States Air Force]]. It is the first of six satellites to be launched as part of the [[Advanced Extremely High Frequency]] program, which will replace the earlier [[Milstar]] system.<ref name="MOB">{{cite web |url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/site/docs/missionbooklets/AV/av_aehf1_mob.pdf|title=Atlas V AEHF-1 Mission Overview|publisher=United Launch Alliance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722081830/http://www.ulalaunch.com/site/docs/missionbooklets/AV/av_aehf1_mob.pdf|archive-date=22 July 2011|access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref> |
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The USA-214 |
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== Satellite description == |
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⚫ | The USA-214 satellite was constructed by [[Lockheed Martin Space]], and is based on the [[Lockheed Martin A2100|A2100]] [[satellite bus]]. The satellite has a mass of {{cvt|6168|kg}} and a design life of 14 years.<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/aehf-1.htm|title=AEHF 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|date=4 November 2020|access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref> It will be used to provide [[super high frequency]] (SHF) and [[extremely high frequency]] (EHF) communications for the [[United States Armed Forces]], as well as those of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Canada.<ref name="MOB"/> |
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== Launch == |
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[[File:Launch of Atlas V carrying AEHF-1 (100814-F-1357X-001).jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|left|AEHF-1 was launched on an [[Atlas V]].]] |
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Though initially scheduled for launch on 30 July 2010, delays with the [[launch vehicle]] pushed flight back to 10 August 2010, and finally to 14 August 2010.<ref>{{cite web|date=2010-07-15|title=AEHF-1 Launch Delayed|url=https://www.airforcemag.com/aehf-1launchdelayed/|access-date=2021-03-26|publisher=Air Force Magazine}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |
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⚫ | USA-214 was launched by [[United Launch Alliance]], aboard an [[Atlas V]] 531 flying from [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|Space Launch Complex-41]] (SLC-41) at the [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]] (CCAFS). The launch occurred at 11:07:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on 14 August 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/atlas/av019/|title=Rise and shine: Atlas 5 rocket successfully soars at dawn|last=Ray|first=Justin|date=14 August 2010|publisher=Spaceflight Now|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref> and resulted in the satellite being deployed successfully into a [[geostationary transfer orbit]] (GTO) with a [[apsis|perigee]] of {{cvt|221|km}}, an [[apsis|apogee]] of {{cvt|50179|km}}, and 22.2° [[Orbital inclination]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://planet4589.org/space/jsr/latest.html|title=Issue 632|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|date=12 August 2010|publisher=Jonathan's Space Report|access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref> |
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== Anomaly == |
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==Launch and orbital insertion== |
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The satellite was intended to maneuver from the transfer orbit into which it was launched to its operational [[geosynchronous orbit]] by means of a [[liquid apogee engine]] (LAE) and several |
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USA-214 was launched by [[United Launch Alliance]], |
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⚫ | [[Hall-effect thruster]]s, a process which normally takes 105 days.<ref name="SFN-EngineFailure">{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/atlas/av019/100830orbit.html|title=Military satellite relying on backup plan to save itself|last=Ray|first=Justin|date=30 August 2010|publisher=Spaceflight Now|access-date=31 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=space&id=news/asd/2010/11/12/02.xml|title=Japanese Engine Not AEHF Issue: USAF Official|first=Amy|last=Butler|date=15 November 2010|publisher=Aviation Week|access-date=29 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=space&id=news/awst/2010/11/22/AW_11_22_2010_p36-270626.xml|title=USAF: AEHF-1 Engine Failure An Anomaly|first=Amy|last=Butler|date=22 November 2010|publisher=Aviation Week|access-date=29 January 2011}}</ref> However, the satellite's Liquid Apogee Engine malfunctioned shortly after ignition on both its first burn on 15 August 2010 and a second attempt on 17 August 2010,<ref>Ray, Justin (2 September 2010), ''Spaceflight Now'', [http://spaceflightnow.com/atlas/av019/100902inquiry.html Investigators probing what went wrong with AEHF 1] (accessed 14 December 2011)</ref> and it was declared inoperable.<ref name="SFN-EngineFailure"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Main engine probably not to blame for AEHF-1 trouble |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/atlas/av019/101019aehf2.html|access-date=2010-10-19}}</ref> |
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⚫ | To solve the problem, the perigee altitude was raised to {{cvt|4700|km}} using twelve firings of the smaller Reaction Engine Assembly thrusters, originally intended for [[Spacecraft attitude control|attitude control]] during LAE maneuvers.<ref name= "Ray2011">Ray, Justin (9 October 2011), ''Spaceflight Now'', [http://spaceflightnow.com/atlas/av019/111009.html Air Force satellite's epic ascent should finish soon] (accessed 14 December 2011)</ref> From this altitude, the [[Solar panels on spacecraft|solar arrays]] were deployed and the orbit was raised toward the operational orbit over the course of nine months using the 0.27 Newton Hall effect thruster, a form of [[Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion|electric propulsion]] which is highly efficient, but produces very low thrust and is therefore very slow. |
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The problem with the liquid apogee engine was later blamed on a piece of cloth accidentally left in a fuel line leading up to the engine while the line was taken apart for repair during the manufacture of the satellite. The cloth was likely placed in the line to prevent impurities from entering the fuel line and did not get removed when the line was put back together.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2012/03/17/delicate-rescue-saves-stranded-1-7b-us-satellite/|title=Delicate rescue saves stranded US$1.7 billion U.S. satellite|date=17 March 2012|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> |
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To solve the problem, the perigee altitude was raised to 4700 |
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== See also == |
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{{Portal|Spaceflight}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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{{Orbital launches in 2010}} |
{{Orbital launches in 2010}} |
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[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2010]] |
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2010]] |
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[[Category:Military satellites]] |
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[[Category:USA satellites]] |
[[Category:USA satellites]] |
![]()
Artist's impression of an AEHF-1 satellite
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Names | AEHF-1 Advanced Extremely High Frequency-1 |
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Mission type | Military communications |
Operator | United States Air Force / United States Space Force |
COSPAR ID | 2010-039A ![]() |
SATCAT no. | 36868 |
Website | https://www.spaceforce.mil/ |
Mission duration | 14 years (planned) 13 years, 10 months and 1 day (in progress) |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft | AEHF-1 |
Bus | A2100M |
Manufacturer | Lockheed Martin Space |
Launch mass | 6,168 kg (13,598 lb) |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 14 August 2010, 11:07:00 UTC |
Rocket | Atlas V 531 (AV-019) |
Launch site | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 |
Contractor | United Launch Alliance |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric orbit[1] |
Regime | Geosynchronous orbit |
AEHF-2 → |
USA-214, also known as Advanced Extremely High Frequency-1orAEHF-1, is a military communications satellite operated by the United States Air Force. It is the first of six satellites to be launched as part of the Advanced Extremely High Frequency program, which will replace the earlier Milstar system.[2]
The USA-214 satellite was constructed by Lockheed Martin Space, and is based on the A2100 satellite bus. The satellite has a mass of 6,168 kg (13,598 lb) and a design life of 14 years.[3] It will be used to provide super high frequency (SHF) and extremely high frequency (EHF) communications for the United States Armed Forces, as well as those of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Canada.[2]
Though initially scheduled for launch on 30 July 2010, delays with the launch vehicle pushed flight back to 10 August 2010, and finally to 14 August 2010.[4]
USA-214 was launched by United Launch Alliance, aboard an Atlas V 531 flying from Space Launch Complex-41 (SLC-41) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The launch occurred at 11:07:00 UTC on 14 August 2010,[5] and resulted in the satellite being deployed successfully into a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) with a perigee of 221 km (137 mi), an apogee of 50,179 km (31,180 mi), and 22.2° Orbital inclination.[6]
The satellite was intended to maneuver from the transfer orbit into which it was launched to its operational geosynchronous orbit by means of a liquid apogee engine (LAE) and several Hall-effect thrusters, a process which normally takes 105 days.[7][8][9] However, the satellite's Liquid Apogee Engine malfunctioned shortly after ignition on both its first burn on 15 August 2010 and a second attempt on 17 August 2010,[10] and it was declared inoperable.[7][11]
To solve the problem, the perigee altitude was raised to 4,700 km (2,900 mi) using twelve firings of the smaller Reaction Engine Assembly thrusters, originally intended for attitude control during LAE maneuvers.[12] From this altitude, the solar arrays were deployed and the orbit was raised toward the operational orbit over the course of nine months using the 0.27 Newton Hall effect thruster, a form of electric propulsion which is highly efficient, but produces very low thrust and is therefore very slow.
The problem with the liquid apogee engine was later blamed on a piece of cloth accidentally left in a fuel line leading up to the engine while the line was taken apart for repair during the manufacture of the satellite. The cloth was likely placed in the line to prevent impurities from entering the fuel line and did not get removed when the line was put back together.[13]
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). |