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{{short description|Barracuda-class submarine of the US Navy}} |
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{{Other ships|USS Bonita}} |
{{Other ships|USS Bonita}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} |
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{|{{Infobox ship begin}} |
{|{{Infobox ship begin}} |
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{{Infobox ship career |
{{Infobox ship career |
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|Hide header= |
|Hide header= |
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|Ship country=[[United States |
|Ship country=[[United States]] |
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|Ship flag={{USN flag|1958}} |
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1958}} |
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|Ship name=USS ''Bonita'' |
|Ship name=USS ''Bonita'' |
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|Ship namesake= the [[bonito]], a name applied to various types of fish |
|Ship namesake= the [[bonito]], a name applied to various types of fish |
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|Ship ordered= |
|Ship ordered= |
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|Ship builder=[[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]] |
|Ship builder=[[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]]<ref name="Register">{{Citation |
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| last1 = Bauer |
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| first1 = K. Jack |
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| author-link = |
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| last2 = Roberts |
| last2 = Roberts |
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| first2 = Stephen S. |
| first2 = Stephen S. |
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| author2-link = |
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| title = Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants |
| title = Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants |
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| place = Westport, CT |
| place = Westport, CT |
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| page = 284 |
| page = 284 |
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| isbn = 0-313-26202-0 }}</ref> |
| isbn = 0-313-26202-0 }}</ref> |
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|Ship laid down=19 May 1950 |
|Ship laid down=19 May 1950<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship launched=21 June 1951 |
|Ship launched=21 June 1951<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship sponsor= |
|Ship sponsor= |
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|Ship acquired= |
|Ship acquired= |
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|Ship commissioned=11 January 1952 |
|Ship commissioned=11 January 1952<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship decommissioned=7 November 1958 |
|Ship decommissioned=7 November 1958 |
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|Ship in service= |
|Ship in service= |
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|Ship out of service= |
|Ship out of service= |
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|Ship struck=1 April 1965 |
|Ship struck=1 April 1965<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship reinstated= |
|Ship reinstated= |
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|Ship fate=Sold for scrap, 17 November 1966 |
|Ship fate=Sold for scrap, 17 November 1966<ref name="Register"/> |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Infobox ship characteristics |
{{Infobox ship characteristics |
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|Ship displacement=*765 [[long ton|tons]] (777 [[tonne|t]]) surfaced |
|Ship displacement=*765 [[long ton|tons]] (777 [[tonne|t]]) surfaced |
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*1,160 tons (1179 t) submerged |
*1,160 tons (1179 t) submerged |
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|Ship length={{convert|196|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}} overall |
|Ship length={{convert|196|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}} overall<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship beam={{convert|24|ft|7|in|m|abbr=on}} |
|Ship beam={{convert|24|ft|7|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship draft={{convert|14|ft|5|in|m|abbr=on}} mean<ref name="Register"/> |
|Ship draft={{convert|14|ft|5|in|m|abbr=on}} mean<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship propulsion=*3 × [[General Motors]] 8-268A [[diesel engines]], total {{convert|1050|shp|abbr=on}} |
|Ship propulsion=*3 × [[General Motors]] 8-268A [[diesel engines]], total {{convert|1050|shp|abbr=on}} |
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*2 × [[General Electric]] [[electric motor]]s |
*2 × [[General Electric]] [[electric motor]]s |
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*1 × 126-[[Electrochemical cell|cell]] [[battery (electricity)|battery]] |
*1 × 126-[[Electrochemical cell|cell]] [[battery (electricity)|battery]] |
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*2 shafts |
*2 shafts<ref name="Friedman-SSK1">{{cite book |
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| last = Friedman |
| last = Friedman |
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| first = Norman |
| first = Norman |
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| authorlink = |
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| title = U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History |
| title = U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History |
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| publisher = [[United States Naval Institute]] |
| publisher = [[United States Naval Institute]] |
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| location = [[Annapolis, Maryland]] |
| location = [[Annapolis, Maryland]] |
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| pages = 75–82, 241–242 |
| pages = 75–82, 241–242 |
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| url = |
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| doi = |
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| isbn = 1-55750-260-9 }}</ref> |
| isbn = 1-55750-260-9 }}</ref> |
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|Ship speed=*13 [[knot (unit)|knot]]s (24 km/h) surfaced |
|Ship speed=*13 [[knot (unit)|knot]]s (24 km/h) surfaced |
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*8.5 knots (16 km/h) submerged |
*8.5 knots (16 km/h) submerged<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship range={{convert|9000|nmi|km|lk=in}}<ref>Friedman, p. 77</ref> |
|Ship range={{convert|9000|nmi|km|lk=in}}<ref>Friedman, p. 77</ref> |
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|Ship endurance= |
|Ship endurance= |
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|Ship test depth={{convert|400|ft|m|abbr=on}} |
|Ship test depth={{convert|400|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship complement=37 officers and men |
|Ship complement=37 officers and men<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship sensors= |
|Ship sensors= |
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|Ship EW= |
|Ship EW= |
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|Ship armament=4 × [[American 21 |
|Ship armament=4 × [[American 21-inch torpedo|21-inch (533 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s |
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|Ship notes= |
|Ship notes= |
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''K-3'' joined [[Submarine Squadron 7]] at [[Pearl Harbor]] on 15 May 1952 and performed experimental submarine duties, notably development of ASW tactics. In February 1955 she entered [[Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard]] for overhaul, emerging in September. She was renamed ''Bonita'' 15 December 1955. She made a cruise to [[Alaska]]n waters in August and September 1956. |
''K-3'' joined [[Submarine Squadron 7]] at [[Pearl Harbor]] on 15 May 1952 and performed experimental submarine duties, notably development of ASW tactics. In February 1955 she entered [[Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard]] for overhaul, emerging in September. She was renamed ''Bonita'' 15 December 1955. She made a cruise to [[Alaska]]n waters in August and September 1956. |
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In June 1957 she was reassigned to [[Submarine Squadron 5]] at [[San Diego, California |
In June 1957 she was reassigned to [[Submarine Squadron 5]] at [[San Diego]], California, for ASW training duties. In October she reported to [[San Francisco Naval Shipyard]] for overhaul and the installation of new electronics, returning to San Diego in January 1958. |
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In 1958, the Soviet threat changed from conventional to nuclear-powered submarines, and the SSK force was withdrawn from the SSK role. In April–June 1958 ''Bonita'' was used as a [[nuclear weapons testing]] target at [[Eniwetok]] in the South Pacific, part of [[Operation Hardtack I]]. Fortunately, this was designed as shock testing rather than destructive testing, and damage was light except to electronics.<ref>[http://navsource.org/archives/08/pdf/0855204a.pdf Firsthand account of nuclear testing by a ''Bonita'' crew member]</ref> |
In 1958, the Soviet threat changed from conventional to nuclear-powered submarines, and the SSK force was withdrawn from the SSK role. In April–June 1958 ''Bonita'' was used as a [[nuclear weapons testing]] target at [[Eniwetok]] in the South Pacific, part of [[Operation Hardtack I]]. Fortunately, this was designed as shock testing rather than destructive testing, and damage was light except to electronics.<ref>[http://navsource.org/archives/08/pdf/0855204a.pdf Firsthand account of nuclear testing by a ''Bonita'' crew member]</ref> |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=8NsDAAAAMBAJ |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=8NsDAAAAMBAJ&dq=1954+Popular+Mechanics+January&pg=cover "Cover Artwork of SSK-3"] ''Popular Mechanics'', August 1953. |
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{{Barracuda class submarine}} |
{{Barracuda class submarine}} |
![]() Bonita with the characteristic bulky sonar dome at her bow (Mare Island Naval Shipyard) | |
History | |
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![]() | |
Name | USS Bonita |
Namesake | the bonito, a name applied to various types of fish |
Builder | Mare Island Naval Shipyard[1] |
Laid down | 19 May 1950[1] |
Launched | 21 June 1951[1] |
Commissioned | 11 January 1952[1] |
Decommissioned | 7 November 1958 |
Stricken | 1 April 1965[1] |
Fate | Sold for scrap, 17 November 1966[1] |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | Barracuda-class diesel-electric Hunter-killer submarine |
Displacement | |
Length | 196 ft 1 in (59.77 m) overall[1] |
Beam | 24 ft 7 in (7.49 m)[1] |
Draft | 14 ft 5 in (4.39 m) mean[1] |
Propulsion |
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Speed | |
Range | 9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km)[2] |
Test depth | 400 ft (120 m)[1] |
Complement | 37 officers and men[1] |
Armament | 4 × 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes |
USS Bonita (SSK-3/SS-552), a Barracuda-class submarine, was the fourth ship of the United States Navy to be named for the bonito, a name applied to several types of fish, including the skipjack tuna, (Katsuwonus pelamis), the Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda), the lesser amberjack (Seriola fasciata), or the cobia (Rachycentron canadum). She was originally named USS K-3 (SSK-3).
The original contract for construction of K-3 (SSK-3) was awarded to New York Shipbuilding CorporationofCamden, New Jersey, but later transferred to Mare Island Naval ShipyardofVallejo, California, where her keel was laid down on 19 May 1950. She was launchedasK-3 on 21 June 1951, sponsored by Mrs. J.S. Clark, widow of Commander James S. Clark (who died while commanding USS Golet (SS-361)), and commissioned on 11 January 1952.
The three SSK boats, K-1 (SSK-1), K-2 (SSK-2), and K-3 (SSK-3), were equipped with the large BQR-4 bow-mounted sonar array as part of Project Kayo, which experimented with the use of passive acoustics with low-frequency, bow-mounted sonar arrays. When the boat was rigged for silent running, these arrays gave greatly improved convergence zone detection ranges against snorkeling submarines. The SSKs themselves were limited in their anti-submarine warfare (ASW) abilities by their low speed and their need to snorkel periodically to recharge their batteries, but the advances in sonar technology they pioneered were invaluable to the development of nuclear-powered submarines. The class was developed as mobilization prototypes should large numbers of Soviet submarines based on the Type XXI U-boat appear.
K-3 joined Submarine Squadron 7atPearl Harbor on 15 May 1952 and performed experimental submarine duties, notably development of ASW tactics. In February 1955 she entered Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard for overhaul, emerging in September. She was renamed Bonita 15 December 1955. She made a cruise to Alaskan waters in August and September 1956.
In June 1957 she was reassigned to Submarine Squadron 5atSan Diego, California, for ASW training duties. In October she reported to San Francisco Naval Shipyard for overhaul and the installation of new electronics, returning to San Diego in January 1958.
In 1958, the Soviet threat changed from conventional to nuclear-powered submarines, and the SSK force was withdrawn from the SSK role. In April–June 1958 Bonita was used as a nuclear weapons testing target at Eniwetok in the South Pacific, part of Operation Hardtack I. Fortunately, this was designed as shock testing rather than destructive testing, and damage was light except to electronics.[4]
She was decommissioned on 7 November 1958, and given hull classification symbol SS-552 on 15 August 1959. She was struck from the Naval Register on 1 April 1965, and sold for scrap on 17 November 1966.
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