from https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Tonsillitis
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from https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Tonsillitis
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{{Infobox medical condition |
{{Infobox medical condition |
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| name = Tonsillitis |
| name = Tonsillitis |
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| synonym = |
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| image = Pos strep.JPG |
| image = Pos strep.JPG |
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| image_size = |
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⚫ | | caption = A culture positive case of ''[[Streptococcal pharyngitis]]'' with typical tonsillar [[exudate]] |
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| image_thumbtime = |
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| alt = A set of large tonsils in the back of the throat covered in yellow exudate |
| alt = A set of large tonsils in the back of the throat covered in yellow exudate |
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⚫ | | caption = A culture positive case of ''[[Streptococcal pharyngitis]]'' with typical tonsillar [[exudate]] |
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⚫ | | field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] |
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| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|ɒ|n|s|ɪ|'|l|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}} {{respell|TON|si|LY|tis}} |
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|ɒ|n|s|ɪ|'|l|aɪ|t|ɪ|s}} {{respell|TON|si|LY|tis}} |
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⚫ | | field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] |
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| symptoms = [[Sore throat]], [[fever]], enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, [[lymphadenopathy|large lymph nodes]] around the neck<ref name=Pub2016>{{cite web|title=Tonsillitis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025779/|website=PubMed Health|accessdate=30 September 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107031248/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025779/|archivedate=7 January 2017}}</ref> |
| symptoms = [[Sore throat]], [[fever]], enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, [[lymphadenopathy|large lymph nodes]] around the neck<ref name=Pub2016>{{cite web|title=Tonsillitis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025779/|website=PubMed Health|accessdate=30 September 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107031248/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025779/|archivedate=7 January 2017}}</ref> |
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| complications = [[Peritonsillar abscess]]<ref name=Klug2016>{{cite journal|last1=Klug|first1=TE|last2=Rusan|first2=M|last3=Fuursted|first3=K|last4=Ovesen|first4=T|title=Peritonsillar Abscess: Complication of Acute Tonsillitis or Weber's Glands Infection?|journal=Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery|date=August 2016|volume=155|issue=2|pages=199–207|pmid=27026737|doi=10.1177/0194599816639551|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/007572b38a590ed9587bf53888aba667548b2210|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829091247/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Peritonsillar-Abscess-Klug-Rusan/007572b38a590ed9587bf53888aba667548b2210|url-status=live}}</ref> |
| complications = [[Peritonsillar abscess]]<ref name=Klug2016>{{cite journal|last1=Klug|first1=TE|last2=Rusan|first2=M|last3=Fuursted|first3=K|last4=Ovesen|first4=T|title=Peritonsillar Abscess: Complication of Acute Tonsillitis or Weber's Glands Infection?|journal=Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery|date=August 2016|volume=155|issue=2|pages=199–207|pmid=27026737|doi=10.1177/0194599816639551|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/007572b38a590ed9587bf53888aba667548b2210|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829091247/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Peritonsillar-Abscess-Klug-Rusan/007572b38a590ed9587bf53888aba667548b2210|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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| onset = |
| onset = |
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| duration = ~ 1 week<ref name=Cochrane2013>{{cite journal|last1=Spinks|first1=A|last2=Glasziou|first2=PP|last3=Del Mar|first3=CB|title=Antibiotics for sore throat.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=5 November 2013|volume=11|issue=11|pages=CD000023|pmid=24190439|pmc=6457983|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000023.pub4}}</ref> |
| duration = ~ 1 week<ref name=Cochrane2013>{{cite journal|last1=Spinks|first1=A|last2=Glasziou|first2=PP|last3=Del Mar|first3=CB|title=Antibiotics for sore throat.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=5 November 2013|volume=11|issue=11|pages=CD000023|pmid=24190439|pmc=6457983|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000023.pub4}}</ref> |
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| types = |
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| causes = [[Viral infection]], [[bacterial infection]]<ref name=Wind2016>{{cite journal|last1=Windfuhr|first1=JP|last2=Toepfner|first2=N|last3=Steffen|first3=G|last4=Waldfahrer|first4=F|last5=Berner|first5=R|title=Clinical practice guideline: tonsillitis I. Diagnostics and nonsurgical management.|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|date=April 2016|volume=273|issue=4|pages=973–87|pmid=26755048|doi=10.1007/s00405-015-3872-6|pmc=7087627}}</ref><ref name=Lang2009>{{cite book|last1=Lang|first1=Florian|title=Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease|date=2009|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9783540671367|page=2083|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DdBJ6jCf8KgC&pg=PA2083|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002102233/https://books.google.com/books?id=DdBJ6jCf8KgC&pg=PA2083|archivedate=2016-10-02}}</ref> |
| causes = [[Viral infection]], [[bacterial infection]]<ref name=Wind2016>{{cite journal|last1=Windfuhr|first1=JP|last2=Toepfner|first2=N|last3=Steffen|first3=G|last4=Waldfahrer|first4=F|last5=Berner|first5=R|title=Clinical practice guideline: tonsillitis I. Diagnostics and nonsurgical management.|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|date=April 2016|volume=273|issue=4|pages=973–87|pmid=26755048|doi=10.1007/s00405-015-3872-6|pmc=7087627}}</ref><ref name=Lang2009>{{cite book|last1=Lang|first1=Florian|title=Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease|date=2009|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9783540671367|page=2083|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DdBJ6jCf8KgC&pg=PA2083|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002102233/https://books.google.com/books?id=DdBJ6jCf8KgC&pg=PA2083|archivedate=2016-10-02}}</ref> |
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| risks = |
| risks = |
Tonsillitis | |
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A culture positive case of Streptococcal pharyngitis with typical tonsillar exudate | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Infectious disease |
Symptoms | Sore throat, fever, enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, large lymph nodes around the neck[1] |
Complications | Peritonsillar abscess[2] |
Duration | ~ 1 week[3] |
Causes | Viral infection, bacterial infection[4][5] |
Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, throat swab, rapid strep test[4] |
Medication | Paracetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen, penicillin[4] |
Frequency | 7.5% (in any given 3 months)[6] |
Tonsillitisisinflammation of the tonsils, typically of rapid onset.[1] It is a type of pharyngitis.[7] Symptoms may include sore throat, fever, enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, and large lymph nodes around the neck.[1] Complications include peritonsillar abscess.[2]
Tonsillitis is most commonly caused by a viral infection, with about 5% to 40% of cases caused by a bacterial infection.[4][5] When caused by the bacterium group A streptococcus, it is referred to as strep throat.[8] Rarely bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, or Haemophilus influenzae may be the cause.[4] Typically the infection is spread between people through the air.[5] A scoring system, such as the Centor score, may help separate possible causes.[4] Confirmation may be by a throat swaborrapid strep test.[4]
Treatment efforts involve improving symptoms and decreasing complications.[4] Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen may be used to help with pain.[4] If strep throat is present the antibiotic penicillin by mouth is generally recommended.[4] In those who are allergic to penicillin, cephalosporinsormacrolides may be used.[4] In children with frequent episodes of tonsillitis, tonsillectomy modestly decreases the risk of future episodes.[9]
About 7.5% of people have a sore throat in any three-month period and 2% of people visit a doctor for tonsillitis each year.[6] It is most common in school aged children and typically occurs in the fall and winter months.[4][5] The majority of people recover with or without medication.[4] In 40% of people, symptoms resolve within three days, and in 80% symptoms resolve within one week, regardless of whether streptococcus is present or not.[3] Antibiotics decrease symptom duration by approximately 16 hours.[3]