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{{short description|Roman festival honoring Vesta}} |
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{{about|the Roman festival|the plateau on 4 Vesta|Vestalia Terra}} |
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{{Infobox holiday |
{{Infobox holiday |
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|holiday_name = Vestalia |
|holiday_name = Vestalia |
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|longtype = [[Religion in ancient Rome|Classical Roman religion]] |
|longtype = [[Religion in ancient Rome|Classical Roman religion]] |
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|image = Carl Friedrich Deckler Vestalin mit Efeugirlande.jpg |
|image = Carl Friedrich Deckler Vestalin mit Efeugirlande.jpg |
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|image_size = |
|image_size = |
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|caption = [[Vestal virgins|Vestal virgin]] hanging an ivy wreath. |
|caption = [[Vestal virgins|Vestal virgin]] hanging an ivy wreath. |
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|observedby = [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] |
|observedby = [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] |
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|date = June 7 |
|date = June 7 –15 |
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|celebrations = |
|celebrations = |
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|observances = |
|observances = |
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|relatedto = |
|relatedto = |
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'''Vestalia''' was a Roman religious festival in honor of [[Vesta (mythology)|Vesta]], the goddess of the hearth and the burning continuation of the sacred fire of Rome. It was held from 7–15 June, and was reserved as a women's-only event. |
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Domestic and family life in general were represented by the festival of the goddess of the house and of the spirits of the storechamber — Vesta and the [[Penates]] — on ''Vestalia''.<ref>{{harvnb|Mommsen|1894|p=164}}</ref> On the first day of festivities the ''penus Vestae'' (''[[sanctum sanctorum]]'' of the [[temple of Vesta]] which was usually curtained off) was opened, for the only time during the year, at which women offered sacrifices.<ref name="Marouzeau">{{harvnb|Marouzeau|2006|p=39}}</ref> As long as the curtain remained open, mothers could come, barefoot and disheveled, to leave offerings to the goddess in exchange for a blessing to them and their family.<ref>{{harvnb|Brulé|1987|p=112}}</ref> |
Domestic and family life in general were represented by the festival of the goddess of the house and of the spirits of the storechamber — Vesta and the [[Penates]] — on ''Vestalia''.<ref>{{harvnb|Mommsen|1894|p=164}}</ref> On the first day of festivities the ''penus Vestae'' (''[[sanctum sanctorum]]'' of the [[temple of Vesta]] which was usually curtained off) was opened, for the only time during the year, at which women offered sacrifices.<ref name="Marouzeau">{{harvnb|Marouzeau|2006|p=39}}</ref> As long as the curtain remained open, mothers could come, barefoot and disheveled, to leave offerings to the goddess in exchange for a blessing to them and their family.<ref>{{harvnb|Brulé|1987|p=112}}</ref> |
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The animal consecrated to Vesta, the donkey, was crowned with garlands of flowers and bits of bread on 9 June. [[Ovid]] says that donkeys were adorned with necklaces of bread-bits in memory of the myth where Vesta is nearly violated by [[Priapus]]. In that myth, it is the untimely bray of a donkey that startles Priapus |
The animal consecrated to Vesta, the donkey, was crowned with garlands of flowers and bits of bread on 9 June. [[Ovid]] says that donkeys were adorned with necklaces of bread-bits in memory of the myth where Vesta is nearly violated by [[Priapus]]. In that myth, it is the untimely bray of a donkey that startles Priapus and causes him to flee. Before that, he says donkeys were honored on 9 June in thanks for the services they provided in the bakeries.<ref>{{harvnb|Littlewood|2006|p=103}}</ref><ref>[[Ovid]], ''Fasti'' VI. 319-48</ref><ref name="RW29">{{harvnb|Fraschetti|2001|p=29}}</ref> |
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The final day, 15 June, was ''Quando Stercum Delatum Fas'' ["when dung may be removed lawfully"]. The ''penus Vestae'' was solemnly closed, the ''Flaminica Dialis'' observed mourning, and the temple was subjected to a purification called ''stercoratio'': the filth was swept from the temple and carried next by the route called ''clivus Capitolinus'' and then into the Tiber.<ref name="Marouzeau"/> |
The final day, 15 June, was ''Quando Stercum Delatum Fas'' ["when dung may be removed lawfully"]. The ''penus Vestae'' was solemnly closed, the ''Flaminica Dialis'' observed mourning, and the temple was subjected to a purification called ''stercoratio'': the filth was swept from the temple and carried next by the route called ''clivus Capitolinus'' and then into the Tiber.<ref name="Marouzeau"/> |
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The military ''[[Feriale Duranum]]'' of AD 224 records the first day of ''Vestalia'' as ''Vesta apperit[ur]'' and the last day as ''Vesta cluditur''.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowerstock|Brown|Grabar|1999|p=449}}</ref> |
The military ''[[Feriale Duranum]]'' of AD 224 records the first day of ''Vestalia'' as ''Vesta {{not a typo|apperit[ur]}}'' and the last day as ''Vesta cluditur''.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowerstock|Brown|Grabar|1999|p=449}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Roman festivals]] |
* [[Roman festivals]] |
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*{{citation|first=Theodor|last=[[Theodor Mommsen|Mommsen]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EEZAAAAYAAJ|title=The History of Rome|volume=I|year=1894}} {{PD-notice}} |
*{{citation|first=Theodor|last=[[Theodor Mommsen|Mommsen]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EEZAAAAYAAJ|title=The History of Rome|volume=I|year=1894}} {{PD-notice}} |
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*{{citation|first=Carole Elizabeth|last=Newlands|title=Playing with Time: Ovid and the Fasti, Volume 55|year=1995|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0-8014-3080-1}} |
*{{citation|first=Carole Elizabeth|last=Newlands|title=Playing with Time: Ovid and the Fasti, Volume 55|year=1995|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0-8014-3080-1}} |
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{{Roman religion (festival)}} |
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[[Category:Ancient Roman festivals]] |
[[Category:Ancient Roman festivals]] |
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[[Category:June observances]] |
[[Category:June observances]] |
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[[Category:Summer festivals]] |
[[Category:Summer festivals]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Vesta (mythology)]] |
Vestalia | |
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Observed by | Romans |
Type | Classical Roman religion |
Date | June 7 – 15 |
Vestalia was a Roman religious festival in honor of Vesta, the goddess of the hearth and the burning continuation of the sacred fire of Rome. It was held from 7–15 June, and was reserved as a women's-only event.
Domestic and family life in general were represented by the festival of the goddess of the house and of the spirits of the storechamber — Vesta and the Penates — on Vestalia.[1] On the first day of festivities the penus Vestae (sanctum sanctorum of the temple of Vesta which was usually curtained off) was opened, for the only time during the year, at which women offered sacrifices.[2] As long as the curtain remained open, mothers could come, barefoot and disheveled, to leave offerings to the goddess in exchange for a blessing to them and their family.[3]
The animal consecrated to Vesta, the donkey, was crowned with garlands of flowers and bits of bread on 9 June. Ovid says that donkeys were adorned with necklaces of bread-bits in memory of the myth where Vesta is nearly violated by Priapus. In that myth, it is the untimely bray of a donkey that startles Priapus and causes him to flee. Before that, he says donkeys were honored on 9 June in thanks for the services they provided in the bakeries.[4][5][6]
The final day, 15 June, was Quando Stercum Delatum Fas ["when dung may be removed lawfully"]. The penus Vestae was solemnly closed, the Flaminica Dialis observed mourning, and the temple was subjected to a purification called stercoratio: the filth was swept from the temple and carried next by the route called clivus Capitolinus and then into the Tiber.[2]
The military Feriale Duranum of AD 224 records the first day of VestaliaasVesta apperit[ur] and the last day as Vesta cluditur.[7]