→Astronomy: 1896 ref for Proctor's chart of Mars based on Dawes' drawings.
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Changing short description from "British astronomer" to "British astronomer (1799–1868)"
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{{Short description|British astronomer}} |
{{Short description|British astronomer (1799–1868)}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} |
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{{Use British English|date=July 2016}} |
{{Use British English|date=July 2016}} |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Dawes was born at [[Christ's Hospital]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/MNRAS/0029//0000116.000.html |title = MNRAS..29 Page 116}}</ref> then in the [[City of London]] (it moved to [[Horsham District|Horsham]], [[West Sussex]] in 1902),<ref>[https://www.chmuseum.org.uk/ Christ's Hospital Museum] Retrieved 15 October 2021</ref> the son of [[William Dawes ( |
Dawes was born at [[Christ's Hospital]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/MNRAS/0029//0000116.000.html |title = MNRAS..29 Page 116}}</ref> then in the [[City of London]] (it moved to [[Horsham District|Horsham]], [[West Sussex]] in 1902),<ref>[https://www.chmuseum.org.uk/ Christ's Hospital Museum] Retrieved 15 October 2021</ref> the son of [[William Dawes (British Marines officer)|William Dawes]], also an astronomer, and Judith Rutter.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers |last=Hockey |first=Thomas |date=2009 |publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 |accessdate=22 August 2012 |url=http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/58344.html}}</ref> He qualified as a doctor in 1825. On 29 October 1828 he was ordained pastor at an Independent chapel in Burscough Street, [[Ormskirk]], Lancashire,<ref name="nightingale">Nightingale, Benjamin, ''Lancashire nonconformity, or, Sketches, historical & descriptive, of the Congregational and old Presbyterian churches in the county''. John Heywood, 1890-1893, p[https://archive.org/details/lancashirenoncon04nighuoft/page/200/mode/2up 200-2]</ref> formerly part of a silk factory.<ref name="nightingale" /> A new chapel, in Chapel Street, was opened in 1834.<ref name="nightingale" /> Dawes resigned as pastor in December 1837 due to ill health.<ref name="nightingale" /> When, in 1843, the chapel got into financial difficulties due to the debt owing after its construction, Dawes came to their aid.<ref name="nightingale" /> |
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==Astronomy== |
==Astronomy== |
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[[File:The Thorrowgood telescope - geograph.org.uk - 2358429.jpg|thumb|left|The Thorrowgood Telescope at Cambridge Observatory]] |
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Dawes made extensive measurements of [[double star]]s as well as observations of [[planet]]s. He was a friend of [[William Lassell]]. He was nicknamed "eagle eyed"<ref>Proctor, R A, "Canals on the Planet Mars", ''The Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser'', 14 April, 1882, p7, column 7.</ref> |
Dawes made extensive measurements of [[double star]]s as well as observations of [[planet]]s. He was a friend of [[William Lassell]]. He was nicknamed "eagle eyed".<ref>Proctor, R A, "Canals on the Planet Mars", ''The Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser'', 14 April, 1882, p7, column 7.</ref> He set up his private observatory at his home, Hopefield House, built 1856-7<ref>Sharp, Steve, with Wellby, Michael, "Hopefield House, Station Rd and the Rev Dr WR Dawes", ''The Haddenham Chronicles'', No 2, Autumn 2006, Haddenham Museum Trust, pp40-2</ref> in [[Haddenham, Buckinghamshire]]. One of his telescopes, an eight-inch (200mm) aperture refractor by [[Thomas Cooke (machinist)|Cooke]], survives at the [[Cambridge Observatory]], now part of the [[Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge|Institute of Astronomy]] where it is known as the Thorrowgood Telescope.<ref>[https://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/about/thorrowgood.telescope Institute of Astronomy - Thorrowgood Telescope]</ref> |
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[[File:Proctor Richard Anthony Other Worlds Mars Chart 1896.jpg|thumb|A Chart of Mars Laid down on the Stereographic Projection by R A Proctor. From: ''Other Worlds Than Ours'', 1896.]] |
[[File:Proctor Richard Anthony Other Worlds Mars Chart 1896.jpg|thumb|A Chart of Mars Laid down on the Stereographic Projection by R A Proctor. From: ''Other Worlds Than Ours'', 1896.]] |
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He made extensive drawings of [[Mars]] during its 1864 [[astronomical opposition|opposition]]. In 1867, [[Richard Anthony Proctor]] made a map of Mars based on these drawings. Proctor named two features after Dawes<ref> |
He made extensive drawings of [[Mars]] during its 1864 [[astronomical opposition|opposition]]. In 1867, [[Richard Anthony Proctor]] made a map of Mars based on these drawings. Proctor named two features after Dawes.<ref> |
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Proctor, R A, ''Other worlds than ours; the plurality of worlds studied under the light of recent scientific researches'', 1896, [https://archive.org/details/otherworldsthano00proc_0/page/n115/mode/2up opp p105]</ref> |
Proctor, R A, ''Other worlds than ours; the plurality of worlds studied under the light of recent scientific researches'', 1896, [https://archive.org/details/otherworldsthano00proc_0/page/n115/mode/2up opp p105]</ref> |
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He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1830 and a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1865, for his astronomical work<ref name="frs">[https://catalogues.royalsociety.org/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=EC%2f1865%2f03 Dawes, William Rutter: certificate of election to the Royal Society]</ref> |
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1830 and a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1865, for his astronomical work.<ref name="frs">[https://catalogues.royalsociety.org/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=EC%2f1865%2f03 Dawes, William Rutter: certificate of election to the Royal Society]</ref> Proposers for his Royal Society Fellowship included [[George Biddell Airy|G B Airy]] and [[John Herschel|J F W Herschel]].<ref name="frs" /> |
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==Awards== |
==Awards== |
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He won the [[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]] in 1855. |
He won the [[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]] in 1855.<ref>[https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/15/4/148/2604625 Address delivered by the President, G. B. Airy, Esq. F.R.S., Astronomer Royal, on presenting the Medal of the Society to the Rev. William Rutter Dawes]</ref> |
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==Legacy== |
==Legacy== |
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[[Dawes (lunar crater)|Dawes]] [[Impact crater|crater]]s on the [[Moon]] and [[Dawes (Martian crater)|Dawes]] crater on Mars are named after him, as is a gap within [[Saturn]]'s [[Rings of Saturn#Structures within the C Ring|C Ring]]. |
[[Dawes (lunar crater)|Dawes]]<ref>[https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1430 Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Moon - Dawes - crater]</ref> [[Impact crater|crater]]s on the [[Moon]] and [[Dawes (Martian crater)|Dawes]]<ref>[https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1431 Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Mars - Dawes - crater]</ref> crater on Mars are named after him, as is a gap within [[Saturn]]'s [[Rings of Saturn#Structures within the C Ring|C Ring]],<ref>[https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Rings#saturn Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Ring and Ring Gap Nomenclature - Saturn]</ref> formerly labelled 1.495 R<sub>S</sub>.<ref>Nicholson, Philip D. et al, (October 2014) "Noncircular features in Saturn’s rings II: The C ring", ''Icarus'', Volume 241, p383 ("8. Dawes gap and embedded ringlet")</ref> |
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An [[optics|optical]] phenomenon, the [[Dawes limit]], is named after him. |
An [[optics|optical]] phenomenon, the [[Dawes limit]], is named after him. |
William Rutter Dawes
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A photograph, c. 1863
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Born | (1799-03-19)19 March 1799 |
Died | 15 February 1868(1868-02-15) (aged 68) |
Citizenship | English |
Awards | Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1855) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Astronomy |
William Rutter Dawes (19 March 1799 – 15 February 1868) was an English astronomer.
Dawes was born at Christ's Hospital[1] then in the City of London (it moved to Horsham, West Sussex in 1902),[2] the son of William Dawes, also an astronomer, and Judith Rutter.[3] He qualified as a doctor in 1825. On 29 October 1828 he was ordained pastor at an Independent chapel in Burscough Street, Ormskirk, Lancashire,[4] formerly part of a silk factory.[4] A new chapel, in Chapel Street, was opened in 1834.[4] Dawes resigned as pastor in December 1837 due to ill health.[4] When, in 1843, the chapel got into financial difficulties due to the debt owing after its construction, Dawes came to their aid.[4]
Dawes made extensive measurements of double stars as well as observations of planets. He was a friend of William Lassell. He was nicknamed "eagle eyed".[5] He set up his private observatory at his home, Hopefield House, built 1856-7[6]inHaddenham, Buckinghamshire. One of his telescopes, an eight-inch (200mm) aperture refractor by Cooke, survives at the Cambridge Observatory, now part of the Institute of Astronomy where it is known as the Thorrowgood Telescope.[7]
He made extensive drawings of Mars during its 1864 opposition. In 1867, Richard Anthony Proctor made a map of Mars based on these drawings. Proctor named two features after Dawes.[8]
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1830 and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1865, for his astronomical work.[9] Proposers for his Royal Society Fellowship included G B Airy and J F W Herschel.[9]
He won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1855.[10]
Dawes[11] craters on the Moon and Dawes[12] crater on Mars are named after him, as is a gap within Saturn's C Ring,[13] formerly labelled 1.495 RS.[14]
Anoptical phenomenon, the Dawes limit, is named after him.
Dawes married twice. His first wife was Mary Scott née Egerton (1764-1840). They married on 13 January 1824 at Haddenham, Buckinghamshire.[15] She was the widow of his tutor, Thomas Scott.[16] On 28 July 1842 Dawes married Ann Welsby née Coupland (1805-1860).[16] She was the widow of Ormskirk solicitor John Welsby (1800-1839)[16] whom she had married on 16 January 1824.[17]
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