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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Butane-1,2-diol | |
| Other names
1,2-Dihydroxybutane | |
| Identifiers | |
 NN | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.663 
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| EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties[1] | |
| C4H10O2 | |
| Molar mass | 90.121 g/mol |
| Density | 1.0023 g/cm3 (20 °C) |
| Melting point | −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K)[note 1] |
| Boiling point | 195 to 196.9 °C (383.0 to 386.4 °F; 468.1 to 470.0 K) (96.5 °C at 10 mmHg) |
| miscible | |
| Solubility | soluble in ethanol, acetone; sparingly soluble in esters and ethers; insoluble in hydrocarbons |
Refractive index (nD) |
1.4378 (20 °C) |
| Viscosity | 7.3 mPa·s (20 °C) |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of |
−532.8 kJ/mol [2] |
Std enthalpy of |
−2479 kJ/mol |
| Hazards[3] | |
| Flash point | 90 °C (194 °F; 363 K) |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0395 |
| Related compounds | |
Related butanediols |
1,3-Butanediol 1,4-Butanediol 2,3-Butanediol |
Related compounds |
Ethylene glycol Propylene glycol 2-Hydroxybutyraldehyde 2-Hydroxybutyric acid α-Ketobutyric acid |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
1,2-Butanediol is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2(HO)CHCH2CH3. It is classified as a vic-diol (glycol). It is chiral, although typically it is encountered as the racemic mixture. It is a colorless liquid.
This diol was first described by Charles-Adolphe Wurtz in 1859.[4]
It is produced industrially by hydrationof1,2-epoxybutane.[5][6]
This process requires a ten- to twenty-fold excess of water to suppress the formation of polyethers. Depending on the amount of excess water, the selectivity varies from 70 to 92%.[7] Sulfuric acid or strongly acidic ion exchange resins may be used as catalysts, which allows the reaction to occur under 160 °C and at slightly above atmospheric pressure.
1,2-Butanediol is a byproduct of the production of 1,4-butanediol from butadiene.[8] It is also a byproduct of the catalytic hydrocracking of starches and sugars such as sorbitoltoethylene glycol and propylene glycol.[9]
It can also be obtained from the dihydroxylationofbut-1-enebyOsO4.
It has been patented for the production of polyester resins and plasticizers.[6][8] It is a potential feedstock for the industrial production of α-ketobutyric acid, a precursor to some amino acids.[10]
The LD50 (rats, oral) is 16g/kg.[5]
