Annexin A2 also known as annexin II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANXA2 gene.[5]
Annexin 2 is involved in diverse cellular processes such as cell motility (especially that of the epithelial cells), linkage of membrane-associated protein complexes to the actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, fibrinolysis, ion channel formation, and cell matrix interactions. It is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein whose function is to help organize exocytosis of intracellular proteins to the extracellular domain. Annexin II is a pleiotropic protein meaning that its function is dependent on place and time in the body.
The ANXA2 gene, located at 15q22.2, has three pseudogenes located on chromosomes 4, 9 and 10, respectively. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[6]
This protein is a member of the annexin family. Members of this calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein family play a role in the regulation of cellular growth and in signal transduction pathways. This protein functions as an autocrine factor which heightens osteoclast formation and bone resorption.[6] Epigenetic regulation of Annexin A2 has been identified as a key determinant of mesenchymal transformation in brain tumors.[7] Maternal deficiency of the ANXA2 gene contributes to shallow decidual invasion by placental cytotrophoblast cells. These findings highlight the maternal contribution to the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia.[8]
Annexin A2 has been proposed to function inside the cell in sorting of endosomes and outside the cell in anticoagulant reactions.
Annexin A2 has been shown to interact with Prohibitin,[9] CEACAM1,[10] S100A10,[11][12] PCNA,[13] complement Factor H,[14] and a number of viral factors including the HPV16 minor capsid protein L2.[15][16]
PDB gallery
| |
---|---|
1w7b: ANNEXIN A2: DOES IT INDUCE MEMBRANE AGGREGATION BY A NEW MULTIMERIC STATE OF THE PROTEIN.
1xjl: Structure of human annexin A2 in the presence of calcium ions
2hyu: Human Annexin A2 with heparin tetrasaccharide bound
2hyv: Human Annexin A2 with heparin hexasaccharide bound
2hyw: Human Annexin A2 with Calcium bound
|
| |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cell membrane |
| ||||||||||||||||
Intracellular signaling |
| ||||||||||||||||
Extracellular chelators |
| ||||||||||||||||
Calcium-binding domains |
|