Writing in 1964, scholar P. R. Rinčen says that "the origin of the old name is quite unknown … and it does not lend itself for translation in other languages".[5][a]
The name is connected to a variety of place names (toponyms) in southwestern Mongolia, including Almasyn Dobo ('the Hills of Almases'), Almasyn Ulan Oula ('the Red Mountains of Almases') and ('the Red Rocks of Almases').[5]
The folk traditions of Darkhad include the Almas khara Tenguer, meaning 'Almas the Black God' and associated with highland prairies and mountain forests. According to Rinčen, the god may be offered edible wild roots and wild animal meat.[6]
Nikolay Przhevalsky describes the almas, as related to him under the name kung-guressu ("man-beast"), as follows:
We were told that it had a flat face like that of a human being, and that it often walked on two legs, that its body was covered with a thick black fur, and its feet armed with enormous claws; that its strength was terrible, and that not only were hunters afraid of attacking it, but that the inhabitants removed their habitations from those parts of the country which it visited.[7]
Heaney suggests that the almas should be identified with the Arimaspi, a group of legendary humanoid creatures said to inhabit the Riphean Mountains.[3]
In 1992, a group of scientists went on an expedition to search for the almas in the Caucasus Mountains.[9]
A 2014 study concluded that hair samples attributed to the almas were from species including Ursus arctos, Equus caballusand Bos taurus.[10] Gutiérrez and Pine concluded that several of these samples were from the brown bear.[11]
^Rinčen also notes that Ivan T. Sanderson, one of the founders of the pseudoscience of cryptozoology, made attempts at explaining the name that are "absolutely inacceptable from the point of view of Mongolian philology.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
