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Andrey left Vyshgorod in 1155 and moved to Vladimir,[citation needed] a little town on the river Klyazma founded in 1108.[7] After his father's death in 1157, he became Knyaz (prince) of Vladimir, Rostov and Suzdal.[5] He commenced the construction of fortifications around the town of Vladimir in 1158 (completed in 1164), as well as the Dormition Cathedral in Vladimir.[7] In 1162, Andrey sent an embassy to Constantinople, lobbying for a separate metropolitan see in Vladimir.[8] Fortifications around Vladimir were completed in 1164.[3] The same year Andrey attacked the Volga Bolgars;[3] he won a victory, but a son was killed in battle, to whose memory he ordered the construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl in 1165.[9]
In 1169 Andrey's troops sacked Kiev, devastating it as never before.[4][10] After plundering the city,[11] stealing much religious artwork, which included the Byzantine "Mother of God" icon.[12] Andrey appointed his brother Gleb as prince of Kiev, in an attempt to unify his lands with Kiev.[13] Following his brother's death in 1171, Andrey became embroiled in a two-year war to maintain control over Kiev, which ended in his defeat.[13]
In this 15th-century Radziwiłł Chronicle miniature, Andrey Bogolyubsky's left arm is cut off by his assassins,[17] although the texts claim his "right hand" was cut off.[17][18] A 1965 autopsy of Andrey's body confirmed the left arm showed many cut marks.[18]
After the 1169 capture of Kiev, the Yurievichi clan headed by Andrey temporarily dominated Kievan Rus' until his brother Gleb died in 1171, causing yet another succession crisis.[19] When the Rostislavichi of Smolensk and Iziaslavichi of Volhynia jointly secured the throne of Kiev, Andrey assembled another coalition and marched on Vyshhored in 1173, where the Yurievichi–Olgovichi forces of Suzdalia and Chernigov were utterly defeated.[20] This defeat, the expansion of his princely authority, and his conflicts with the upper nobility, the boyars, gave rise to a conspiracy that resulted in Bogolyubsky's death on the night of 28–29 June 1174, when twenty of them burst into his chambers and slew him in his bed.[21]}
Kievan Chroniclesub anno 6683 (1175 [sic]): Church Slavonic: Петръ же ѿтѧ ему руку десную. кнѧзь же вьзрѣвъ. на н҃бо. и реч̑ Гс̑и в руцѣ твои предаю тобѣ дх҃ъ мои. и тако оуспе оубьенъ же быс̑ в суботу на нощь.[22], romanized: Petrŭ zhe ōtya emu ruku desnuju. knyazĭ zhe vĭzrěvŭ na nebo, i rech: Gospodi v rutsě tvoi predaju tobě dukhŭ moi. i tako ouspe oubĭenŭ zhe bys̑ v subotu na noshchĭ., lit. 'And Peter took from him his right hand. The prince looked upon heaven and said: 'Lord, into your hands I commit my spirit.' And so was he taken away on Saturday night.'
Radziwiłł Chroniclesub anno 6683 (1175 [sic]): Church Slavonic: Петръ ему же от(ъ)тя руку десную. И убьенъ ж(е) быс(ть) в суб(оту) на ноч(ь)., romanized: Petrŭ emu zhe ot(ŭ)tya ruku desnuju. I ubĭenŭ zh(e) bys(tĭ) v sub(otu) na noch(ĭ)., lit. 'And Peter took his right hand from him. And he was killed on Saturday night.'[23]
However, the Radziwiłł Chronicle's adjoining miniature depicts his assailants cutting off his left arm.[17] Moreover, when Dmitry Gerasimovich Rokhlin [ru] examined the exhumed body of Andrey Bogolyubsky in 1965, he "found a lot of cut marks on the left humerus and forearm bones".[18] A 2009 special historical study by Russian historian A.V. Artcikhovsky (2009) would later confirm Rokhlin's observations.[18]
^ abAndrew I at the Encyclopædia Britannica "Andrew made Vladimir the centre of the grand principality and placed a series of his relatives on the now secondary princely throne of Kiev. Later he also compelled Novgorod to accept a prince of his choice. In governing his realm, Andrew not only demanded that the subordinate princes obey him but also tried to reduce the traditional political powers of the boyars (i.e., the upper nobility) within his hereditary lands. In response, his embittered courtiers formed a conspiracy and killed him."
^Martin, Janet (2004) [1986]. Treasure of the Land of Darkness: The Fur Trade and Its Significance for Medieval Russia. Cambridge University Press. p. 127. ISBN9780521548113.
Paszkiewicz. H. (1954). The Origin of Russia. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Review: Vernadsky, George (1955). "Reviewed work: The Origin of Russia, Henryk Paszkiewicz". Speculum. 30 (2): 293–301. doi:10.2307/2848497. JSTOR2848497.
Review: Jakobson, Roman (1955). "Reviewed work: The Origin of Russia, Henryk Paszkiewicz". The American Historical Review. 61 (1): 106–108. doi:10.2307/1845345. JSTOR1845345.
Pelenski, Jaroslaw (1988). "The Contest for the "Kievan Succession" (1155–1175): The Religious-Ecclesiastical Dimension". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 12/13: 776. JSTOR41036344.
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