J u m p t o c o n t e n t
M a i n m e n u
M a i n m e n u
N a v i g a t i o n
● M a i n p a g e
● C o n t e n t s
● C u r r e n t e v e n t s
● R a n d o m a r t i c l e
● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a
● C o n t a c t u s
● D o n a t e
C o n t r i b u t e
● H e l p
● L e a r n t o e d i t
● C o m m u n i t y p o r t a l
● R e c e n t c h a n g e s
● U p l o a d f i l e
S e a r c h
Search
A p p e a r a n c e
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t
● L o g i n
P e r s o n a l t o o l s
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t
● L o g i n
P a g e s f o r l o g g e d o u t e d i t o r s l e a r n m o r e
● C o n t r i b u t i o n s
● T a l k
( T o p )
1
P r o p e r t i e s
2
N o m e n c l a t u r e
3
S u b s t e l l a r c o m p a n i o n
4
R e f e r e n c e s
5
F u r t h e r r e a d i n g
6
E x t e r n a l l i n k s
T o g g l e t h e t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s
M i r a c h
3 2 l a n g u a g e s
● A f r i k a a n s
● ا ل ع ر ب ي ة
● A s t u r i a n u
● B o s a n s k i
● C a t a l à
● Č e š t i n a
● D e u t s c h
● E s p a ñ o l
● E u s k a r a
● ف ا ر س ی
● F r a n ç a i s
● 한 국 어
● ह ि न ् द ी
● B a h a s a I n d o n e s i a
● I t a l i a n o
● ע ב ר י ת
● K i s w a h i l i
● L ë t z e b u e r g e s c h
● М а к е д о н с к и
● N e d e r l a n d s
● 日 本 語
● N o r s k n y n o r s k
● P o l s k i
● P o r t u g u ê s
● R o m â n ă
● Р у с с к и й
● S l o v e n č i n a
● S u o m i
● S v e n s k a
● T ü r k ç e
● У к р а ї н с ь к а
● 中 文
E d i t l i n k s
● A r t i c l e
● T a l k
E n g l i s h
● R e a d
● E d i t
● V i e w h i s t o r y
T o o l s
T o o l s
A c t i o n s
● R e a d
● E d i t
● V i e w h i s t o r y
G e n e r a l
● W h a t l i n k s h e r e
● R e l a t e d c h a n g e s
● U p l o a d f i l e
● S p e c i a l p a g e s
● P e r m a n e n t l i n k
● P a g e i n f o r m a t i o n
● C i t e t h i s p a g e
● G e t s h o r t e n e d U R L
● D o w n l o a d Q R c o d e
● W i k i d a t a i t e m
P r i n t / e x p o r t
● D o w n l o a d a s P D F
● P r i n t a b l e v e r s i o n
I n o t h e r p r o j e c t s
● W i k i m e d i a C o m m o n s
A p p e a r a n c e
C o o r d i n a t e s : 01 h 09 m 4 3 . 9 2 3 6 s , + 3 5 ° 3 7 ′ 1 4 . 0 0 8 ″
F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m B e t a A n d r o m e d a e )
Star in the constellation Andromeda
Mirach
Location of Mirach (circled)
Observation dataEpoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS )
Constellation
Andromeda
Right ascension
01 h 09 m 43.91s [1]
Declination
+35° 37 ′ 13.8″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V )
2.067[1] (2.01 to 2.10) [2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage
Asymptotic giant branch [3]
Spectral type
M0 III[4] [5]
U−B color index
+1.96[6]
B−V color index
+1.57[6]
V−R color index
0.9[7]
R−I color index
+1.00[8]
Variable type
Semiregular [2]
Astrometry Radial velocity (R v ) 0.06± 0.13[9] km/sProper motion (μ) RA: 175.90[10] mas /yr Dec.: −112.20[10] mas /yr Parallax (π)16.52 ± 0.56 mas [10] Distance 199.27± 9.27 ly ( 61.12± 2.84 pc )[1] Absolute magnitude (M V )−1.76[11]
Details[5] Mass 2.49[12] [5] M ☉ Radius 86.4 R ☉ Luminosity 1,675 L ☉ Surface gravity (log g )0.541 cgs Temperature 3,802 K Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.03 dex Rotation <7900 d (<21.6 years ) Rotational velocity (v sin i )6 km/s
Other designations
Mirach, Merach, Mirac, Mizar, β And, Beta Andromedae, Beta And , 43 Andromedae, 43 And , BD +34°198 , FK5 42, GJ 53.3, 9044, HD 6860, HIP 5447, HR 337, SAO 54471, PPM 66010, WDS 01097+3537A , LTT 10420, NLTT 3848[7] [13]
Database references SIMBAD data
Mirach ,[14] [15] Bayer designation Beta Andromedae , Latinized from β Andromedae , is a prominent star in the northern constellation of Andromeda . It is northeast of the Great Square of Pegasus and is potentially visible to all observers north of latitude 54° S. It is commonly used by stargazers to find the Andromeda Galaxy . The galaxy NGC 404 , also known as Mirach's Ghost, is seven arcminutes away from Mirach.[16]
This star has an apparent visual magnitude of around 2.07,[1] varying between 2.01 and 2.10,[2] which at times makes it the brightest star in the constellation . Based upon parallax measurements, it is roughly 197 light-years (60 parsecs ) from the Sun .[10] Its apparent magnitude is reduced by 0.06 by extinction due to gas and dust along the line of sight.[9] The star has a negligible radial velocity of 0.1 km/s,[9] but with a relatively large proper motion , traversing the celestial sphere at 0.208″ ·yr−1 .[17]
Properties
[ edit ]
A light curve for Mirach, plotted from Hipparcos data[18]
Mirach is a single[19] red giant with a stellar classification of M0 III,[4] and is currently on the asymptotic giant branch of its evolution .[3] Since 1943 the spectrum of this star has been one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.[20] It is suspected of being a semiregular variable star whose apparent visual magnitude varies from +2.01 to +2.10.[2] At this stage of the star's evolution , the outer envelope has expanded to around 86 times the size of the Sun. It is radiating 1,675 times the luminosity of the Sun at an effective temperature of 3,802 K .[5]
Nomenclature
[ edit ]
Beta Andromedae is the star's Bayer designation . It had the traditional name of Mirach , and its variations, such as Mirac , Mirar , Mirath , Mirak , etc. (the name is spelled Merach in Burritt 's The Geography of the Heavens ),[21] which come from the star's description in the Alfonsine Tables of 1521 as super mizar . Here, mirat is a corruption of the Arabic مئزر mīzar "girdle", which appeared in a Latin translation of the Almagest .[13] This word refers to Mirach's position at the left hip of the princess Andromeda .[22] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[23] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[24] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Mirach for this star.
Mirach is listed in the Babylonian MUL.APIN as KA.MUSH.I.KU.E, meaning "the Deleter" (the alternative star is α Cas ).[25] Medieval astronomers writing in Arabic called Mirach Janb al-Musalsalah (English: The Side of the Chained (Lady) ); it was part of the 28th manzil (Arabian lunar mansion ) Baṭn al-Ḥūt , the Belly of the Fish, or Qalb al-Ḥūt , the Heart of the Fish.[13] [26] The star has also been called Cingulum and Ventrale .[13] This al-Ḥūt was an indigenous Arabic constellation, not the Western "Northern Fish" part of the constellation Pisces .[26] These names are not from the Arabic marāqq , loins, because it was never called al-Marāqq in Arabian astronomy.[26] Al Rishā' , the Cord (of the well-bucket), on al-Sūfī 's star map . It is origin of the proper name Alrescha for Alpha Piscium .[13] [27]
In Chinese , 奎宿 (Kuí Sù ), meaning Legs , refers to an asterism consisting of Mirach (β Andromedae), η Andromedae , 65 Piscium , ζ Andromedae , ε Andromedae , δ Andromedae , π Andromedae , ν Andromedae , μ Andromedae , σ Piscium , τ Piscium , 91 Piscium , υ Piscium , φ Piscium , χ Piscium and ψ1 Piscium . Consequently, the Chinese name for β Andromedae itself is 奎宿九 (Kuí Sù jiǔ , English: the Ninth Star of Legs ).[28] Mirach was considered the standard "black" star; black could mean "dark red" in this context, especially in comparison to Antares , the standard red star.[29]
The people of Micronesia named this star Kyyw , meaning "The Porpoise", and this was used as one of the names of the months in Micronesia.[30]
Substellar companion
[ edit ]
A 2023 study detected radial velocity variations in Mirach (HD 6860), showing evidence of a substellar companion, likely a brown dwarf .[5]
References
[ edit ]
^ a b c d NSV 414 , database entry, table of suspected variable stars, Combined General Catalog of Variable Stars (GCVS4.2, 2004 Ed.), N. N. Samus, O. V. Durlevich, et al., CDS ID II/250 .
^ a b Eggen, Olin J. (July 1992), "Asymptotic giant branch stars near the sun", Astronomical Journal , 104 (1 ): 275–313, Bibcode :1992AJ....104..275E , doi :10.1086/116239 .
^ a b Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C. (1973), "Spectral Classification", Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 11 (1 ): 29, Bibcode :1973ARA&A..11...29M , doi :10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333
^ a b c d e f Lee, Byeong-Cheol; Do, Hee-Jin; et al. (October 2023). "Long-period radial velocity variations of nine M red giants: The detection of sub-stellar companions around HD 6860 and HD 112300". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 678 : A106. arXiv :2307.15897 . Bibcode :2023A&A...678A.106L . doi :10.1051/0004-6361/202243725 .
^ a b Johnson, H. L.; et al. (1966), "UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars", Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory , 4 (99 ): 99, Bibcode :1966CoLPL...4...99J
^ a b "bet And" . SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved August 12, 2008 .
^ HR 337 , database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., CDS ID V/50 . Accessed on line August 12, 2008.
^ a b c Famaey, B.; et al. (January 2005), "Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters", Astronomy and Astrophysics , 430 (1 ): 165–186, arXiv :astro-ph/0409579 , Bibcode :2005A&A...430..165F , doi :10.1051/0004-6361:20041272 , S2CID 17804304
^ a b c d van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics , 474 (2 ): 653–664, arXiv :0708.1752 , Bibcode :2007A&A...474..653V , doi :10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 , S2CID 18759600
^ Elgarøy, Øystein; Engvold, Oddbjørn; Lund, Niels (March 1999), "The Wilson-Bappu effect of the MgII K line - dependence on stellar temperature, activity and metallicity", Astronomy and Astrophysics , 343 : 222–228, Bibcode :1999A&A...343..222E
^ Dehaes, S.; et al. (September 2011), "Structure of the outer layers of cool standard stars", Astronomy & Astrophysics , 533 : A107, arXiv :0905.1240 , Bibcode :2011A&A...533A.107D , doi :10.1051/0004-6361/200912442 , S2CID 42053871
^ a b c d e Allen, R. A. (1899), Star-names and Their Meanings , p. 36
^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7 .
^ "IAU Catalog of Star Names" . Retrieved 28 July 2016 .
^ Darling, David, "Mirach's Ghost (NGC 404)" , The Internet Encyclopedia of Science , retrieved 2008-08-15
^ Lépine, Sébastien; Shara, Michael M. (March 2005), "A Catalog of Northern Stars with Annual Proper Motions Larger than 0.15" (LSPM-NORTH Catalog)", The Astronomical Journal , 129 (3 ): 1483–1522, arXiv :astro-ph/0412070 , Bibcode :2005AJ....129.1483L , doi :10.1086/427854 , S2CID 2603568 .
^ "/ftp/cats/more/HIP/cdroms/cats" . Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Strasbourg astronomical Data Center. Retrieved 15 October 2022 .
^ Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (September 2008), "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 389 (2 ): 869–879, arXiv :0806.2878 , Bibcode :2008MNRAS.389..869E , doi :10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x , S2CID 14878976 .
^ Garrison, R. F. (December 1993), "Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification" , Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society , 25 : 1319, Bibcode :1993AAS...183.1710G , archived from the original on 2019-06-25, retrieved 2012-02-04
^ p. 18, The Geography of the Heavens , Elijah Hinsdale Burritt, Hiram Mattison, and Henry Whitall, New York: Sheldon & Company, 1856.
^ Mirach , MSN Encarta . Accessed on line August 19, 2008. Archived 2009-10-31.
^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)" . Retrieved 22 May 2016 .
^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF) . Retrieved 28 July 2016 .
^ Rogers, J. H. (February 1998). "Origins of the ancient constellations: I. The Mesopotamian traditions". Journal of the British Astronomical Association . 108 (1 ): 9–28. Bibcode :1998JBAA..108....9R .
^ a b c George A.Davis Jr. (1971) Selected List of Star Names , p. 5.
^ Kunitsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern Star names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Publishing Corp. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7 .
^ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年5 月19 日
^ Neuhäuser, R; Torres, G; Mugrauer, M; Neuhäuser, D L; Chapman, J; Luge, D; Cosci, M (2022-07-29). "Colour evolution of Betelgeuse and Antares over two millennia, derived from historical records, as a new constraint on mass and age" . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 516 (1 ): 693–719. arXiv :2207.04702 . doi :10.1093/mnras/stac1969 . ISSN 0035-8711 .
^ p. 345, Exploring Ancient Skies: A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy , David H. Kelley, Eugene F. Milone, Anthony F. (FRW) Aveni, Berlin, Springer, 2011.
Further reading
[ edit ]
Davis Jr., G. A., (1971) Pronunciations, Derivations, and Meanings of a Selected List of Star Names , (rep.) Cambridge, Sky Publishing Corp.
Kunitzsch, P., (1959) Arabische Sternnamen in Europa
Kunitzsch. P., (ed.) (1990) Der Sternkatalog des Almagest , Band II
External links
[ edit ]
Kaler, James B., Mirach , retrieved 2021-05-28 .
Image MIRACH
Mirach on WikiSky : DSS2 , SDSS , GALEX , IRAS , Hydrogen α , X-Ray , Astrophoto , Sky Map , Articles and images
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirach&oldid=1235252974 "
C a t e g o r i e s :
● M - t y p e g i a n t s
● A s y m p t o t i c - g i a n t - b r a n c h s t a r s
● S e m i r e g u l a r v a r i a b l e s t a r s
● A n d r o m e d a ( c o n s t e l l a t i o n )
● B a y e r o b j e c t s
● D u r c h m u s t e r u n g o b j e c t s
● F l a m s t e e d o b j e c t s
● G l i e s e a n d G J o b j e c t s
● H e n r y D r a p e r C a t a l o g u e o b j e c t s
● H i p p a r c o s o b j e c t s
● B r i g h t S t a r C a t a l o g u e o b j e c t s
● S t a r s w i t h p r o p e r n a m e s
● P l a n e t a r y s y s t e m s w i t h o n e c o n f i r m e d p l a n e t
● B r o w n d w a r f s
H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s :
● A r t i c l e s w i t h C h i n e s e - l a n g u a g e s o u r c e s ( zh )
● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n
● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a
● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g e x p l i c i t l y c i t e d E n g l i s h - l a n g u a g e t e x t
● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g C h i n e s e - l a n g u a g e t e x t
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 8 J u l y 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 1 : 3 5 ( U T C ) .
● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n .
● P r i v a c y p o l i c y
● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a
● D i s c l a i m e r s
● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a
● C o d e o f C o n d u c t
● D e v e l o p e r s
● S t a t i s t i c s
● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t
● M o b i l e v i e w