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( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m C u r l y t o p g u m w e e d )
Species of flowering plant
Grindelia squarrosa curly-top gumweed or curlycup gumweed , is a small North American biennial or short-lived perennial plant .[2]
Description [ edit ]
G. squarrosa is a decumbent to erect, much-branched perennial herb or subshrub growing up to 100 centimetres (39 + 1 2 leaves are 1 2 in ) long,[3] crenate with each tooth having a yellow bump near its tip, and resinous.[4] [5]
The plant produces numerous flower heads in open, branching arrays. The flower bract (involucre) is resinous and consists of multiple overlapping rows of phyllaries with tips that are strongly curled outward, sometimes curling back to form a circle.[4] [4] [6] [5] [3]
A form with rayless flowers is sometimes considered a distinct species.[citation needed
Varieties [ edit ]
Grindelia squarrosa var. quasiperennis [7]
Grindelia squarrosa var. serrulata [8]
Grindelia squarrosa var. squarrosa [9]
Distribution and habitat [ edit ]
The species is native to western and central North America, from British Columbia east to Québec and New England , and south as far as California , New Mexico, Arizona , Chihuahua , and Texas . The species may possibly be naturalized in much of the eastern part of that distribution.[10] [11] [4] [12]
It is often found in dry, open areas[3] disturbed roadsides and streamsides, occurring between 700 metres (2,300 feet) and 2,300 metres (7,500 feet) in elevation.[4]
Ecology [ edit ]
The species is listed by the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Information Network as of "Special Value to Native Bees."[12]
Toxicity [ edit ]
The plant concentrates selenium from the soil,[3] [4]
The flowers and leaves are used by Great Plains Tribes as a medicinal herb to treat illnesses such as asthma , bronchitis or skin rashes .[12] [13] [14] [15]
It is used as a traditional medicinal plant by Shoshone peoples in various regions.[13] Gosiute language name for the plant is mu’-ha-kûm .[16] Lakota language name for the plant is pteíčhiyuȟa.
Hispanos of New Mexico boiled the buds to make a drink to treat kidney disorders.[3] rheumatism .[3] poison ivy rashes topically.[17]
The plant is being explored as a potential source of biofuel due to its high content of mono- and di-terpenes which can be converted to a fuel analogous to kerosene or jet fuel .[18] compete with traditional food crops .
References [ edit ]
^ "Grindelia squarrosa " . Integrated Taxonomic Information System .
^ a b c d e f Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3
^ a b c d e f Jepson Manual, University of California (TJM2)
^ a b Strother, John L.; Wetter, Mark A. (2006). "Grindelia squarrosa " . In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA) Missouri Botanical Garden , St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria , Cambridge, MA.
^ Kansas Wildflowers & Grasses
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Grindelia squarrosa var. quasiperennis " . The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) . Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Grindelia squarrosa var. serrulata " . The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) . Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Grindelia squarrosa var. squarrosa " . The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) . Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Grindelia squarrosa " . The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) . Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
^ "Grindelia squarrosa " . County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA) . Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
^ a b c "Grindelia squarrosa" . Native Plant Database . Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center , University of Texas at Austin .
^ a b University of Michigan at Dearborn, Native American Ethnobotany Database: Grindelia squarrosa
^ Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Archived 2006-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
^ Niering, William A. ; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region . Knopf. p. 382. ISBN 0-394-50432-1
^ Chamberlin, Ralph Vary (1911). "The Ethno-botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah" (PDF) . Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association Vol II, Part 5 . Retrieved 2007-11-12 .[permanent dead link
^ Fagan, Damian (2019). Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert FalconGuides . p. 110. ISBN 978-1-4930-3633-2 OCLC 1073035766 .
^ Neupane, Bishnu P.; Shintani, David; Lin, Hongfei; Coronella, Charles J.; Miller, Glenn C. (2016-11-22). "Grindelia squarrosa: A Potential Arid Lands Biofuel Plant". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering . 5 1 ): 995–1001. doi :10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02315 . ISSN 2168-0485 .
External links [ edit ]
Grindelia squarrosa
Donia squarrosa
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grindelia_squarrosa&oldid=1191966272 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● N a t u r e S e r v e s e c u r e s p e c i e s ● G r i n d e l i a ● F l o r a o f C a n a d a ● F l o r a o f N o r t h e a s t e r n M e x i c o ● F l o r a o f N o r t h w e s t e r n M e x i c o ● F l o r a o f t h e E a s t e r n U n i t e d S t a t e s ● F l o r a o f t h e W e s t e r n U n i t e d S t a t e s ● F l o r a o f t h e G r e a t P l a i n s ( N o r t h A m e r i c a ) ● F l o r a o f C a l i f o r n i a ● F l o r a o f t h e G r e a t B a s i n ● F l o r a o f t h e S i e r r a N e v a d a ( U n i t e d S t a t e s ) ● P l a n t s d e s c r i b e d i n 1 8 1 3 ● P l a n t s u s e d i n t r a d i t i o n a l N a t i v e A m e r i c a n m e d i c i n e H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● W e b a r c h i v e t e m p l a t e w a y b a c k l i n k s ● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h d e a d e x t e r n a l l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h d e a d e x t e r n a l l i n k s f r o m O c t o b e r 2 0 1 7 ● A r t i c l e s w i t h p e r m a n e n t l y d e a d e x t e r n a l l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s ● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s f r o m J u l y 2 0 2 2 ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k i s o n W i k i d a t a ● T a x o n b a r s w i t h a u t o m a t i c a l l y a d d e d b a s i o n y m s ● T a x o n b a r s w i t h 3 0 – 3 4 t a x o n I D s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s ● F l o r a w i t h o u t e x p e c t e d T N C c o n s e r v a t i o n s t a t u s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 6 D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 3 , a t 2 1 : 3 3 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
Media related to Grindelia squarrosa at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Grindelia squarrosa at Wikispecies
