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| Location | San Joaquin County, California |
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| Coordinates | 37°44′52″N 121°19′49″W / 37.7479°N 121.3302°W / 37.7479; -121.3302 |
| Status | Closed |
| Capacity | 1,681 |
| Population | 2,047 (121.8% capacity) (as of April 30, 2020[1]) |
| Opened | 1953 |
| Closed | 2021 |
| Managed by | California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation |
Deuel Vocational Institution (DVI) was a state prison located in unincorporated San Joaquin County, California, near Tracy.[2][3] The prison closed on September 30, 2021.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
DVI opened in 1953 and named for California state senator Charles H. Deuel, who sponsored legislation establishing the institution. The facility has been expanded and reorganized several times, in 1959, 1981 and 1993.
As of April 30, 2020, DVI was incarcerating people at 121.8% of its design capacity, with 2,047 occupants.[1]
In 1956 the Mexican Mafia was established at Deuel.[12]
One purpose of DVI was to serve as a reception center for newly committed prisoners to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation from northern California county jails. The facility also housed "mainline" inmates classified by CDCR as levels II and III. There was also a minimum security "ranch" that supports a dairy. As of January 2006, the total count of prisoners at DVI was 3,748, with 3,162 of that number assigned to the reception center.[citation needed]
As a result of DVI's primary function as a reception center, in which a large number of felons of different propensities for violence, disciplinary and security issues pass through before being classified and transferred to other facilities, DVI has a long-standing reputation for being violent and dangerous. The facility used to be referred to as "gladiator school" by inmates and staff, because the DVI was widely known for the fights and homicides that took place within the prison walls.[citation needed]
As recently as June 2010, an inmate murder in the facility has been recorded.[13]
DVI also had a 110-inmate farm and operate a 1200-cow dairy. They grew cattle grain and supply milk to other state prisons and tax-supported public agencies.
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