Seismic loading is one of the basic concepts of earthquake engineering which means application of an earthquake-generated agitation[1] to a structure. It happens at contact surfaces of a structure either with the ground,[2] or with adjacent structures,[3] or with gravity waves from tsunami.
Seismic loading depends, primarily, on:
Sometimes, seismic load exceeds ability of a structure to resist it without being broken, partially or completely Due to their mutual interaction, seismic loading and seismic performance of a structure are intimately related.[4]
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