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( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m E x p e r i m e n t a l m e t a l )
Subgenre of heavy metal music
"Experimental metal" redirects here. For experimental equipment, see
Prototype .
Avant-garde metal (also known as avant-metal , experimental metal , art metal and experimetal ) is a subgenre of heavy metal music loosely defined by use of experimentation and innovative, avant-garde elements, including non-standard and unconventional sounds, instruments, song structures, playing styles, and vocal techniques. Avant-garde metal is influenced by progressive rock and extreme metal , particularly death metal , and is closely related to progressive metal . Some local scenes include Los Angeles , the San Francisco Bay Area , Boston , and Seattle in the United States, Oslo in Norway, and Tokyo in Japan.
Characteristics
[ edit ]
"Avant-garde metal" is interchangeable with "experimental metal"[1] and "avant-metal",[2] [3] and may also refer to a separate genre of "atmospheric metal" or "post-metal ", which was named in reference to post-rock .[4] Avant-garde metal is related to progressive metal , but avant-garde metal often has more experimentation, while progressive metal usually has a tighter focus on traditional metal instrumentation and higher levels of technical complexity.[5] Avant-garde metal also uses unusual sounds, breaks conventions, and often includes new elements.
The lyrics and visual presentation of the genre are eclectic as well.[5] According to Jeff Wagner in Mean Deviation , electronic percussion and drum machines see widespread use by avant-garde metal bands, along with female vocals and operatic elements, all of which he attributes to the influence of the band Celtic Frost .[6] The Canadian group Voivod also influenced future bands in the genre, pioneering technique such as robotic vocal effects, unusual time signatures, and fractured, dissonant, unorthodox guitar sounds.[6]
History
[ edit ]
Atsuo of Boris performing in 2011
According to Ian Christe , avant-garde metal emerged from death metal as a number of musicians "abandoned the tightly wound structure of the music and experimented with abstractions of its founding elements".[7] Progressive rock has also been cited as an influence.[8] Some early examples are the King Crimson releases Larks' Tongues in Aspic and Red in 1973 and 1974 respectively, with the latter album's title track defining an "avant-metal style" that Robert Fripp would revisit years later.[2] [9] Another early example is the 1976 Led Zeppelin album Presence .[10] Pioneers of avant-garde metal include Celtic Frost ,[11] Gorguts , Boris ,[12] Earth ,[13] Helmet ,[14] Mayhem ,[15] Maudlin of the Well ,[16] Neurosis ,[17] Sunn O))) ,[18] Mr. Bungle ,[19] Today Is the Day , and Voivod .[11]
In the late 1990s, Misanthropy Records emerged as a promoter of Norwegian avant-garde metal until it folded in 2000,[20] and, according to Jeff Wagner, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, a so-called "new wave of avant-garde metal" was spearheaded by The End Records .[20] Wagner states that "with the support of [Misanthropy and The End Records] and other specialty labels, metal's new avant-garde had arrived."[20] Some other record labels which promote avant-garde metal are Aurora Borealis,[21] The Flenser ,[22] Holy Records ,[23] Hydra Head Records ,[24] Ipecac Recordings ,[25] Napalm Records ,[26] the Release Entertainment imprint of Relapse Records ,[27] Seventh Rule Recordings ,[28] and Southern Lord Records .[29] In the United States, local avant-garde metal scenes have emerged in the San Francisco Bay Area with bands such as Giant Squid , Grayceon , and Ludicra ,[30] and in Boston , with bands such as Isis , Kayo Dot , and Maudlin of the Well .[31] Some regional scenes that developed in the mid-1990s included the cities of Tokyo , Los Angeles , and Oslo .[12]
See also
[ edit ]
References
[ edit ]
^ Shteamer, Hank (1 October 2019). "King Crimson's '21st Century Schizoid Man': 50 Years in the Life of a Gamechanging Song" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved 20 September 2021 . Sol Niger Within, a 1997 avant-metal mindbender by Meshuggah guitarist Fredrik Thordendal that features bursts of piercing saxophone
^ Buts, Jeroen. "5.1". The Thematical and Stylistic Evolution of Heavy Metal Lyrics and Imagery from the 70s to Present Day (PDF) . p. 81.
^ a b Freeborn, Robert (June 2010). "A Selective Discography of Scandinavian Heavy Metal Music" (PDF) . Sound Recording Reviews . p. 842. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2012.
^ a b Wagner 2010, pg. 124.
^ Christe, Ian (2004). Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal . Harper Paperbacks . p. 253 . ISBN 0380811278 . Retrieved 6 August 2011.
^ Peterik, Jim ; Austin, Dave; Austin, Cathy & Lynn, Cathy (2 August 2010). Songwriting for Dummies (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons . p. 37. ISBN 978-0470615140 . Retrieved 22 March 2012 .
^ Mojo (1 November 2007). "4". The Mojo Collection (4th ed.). Canongate Books . p. 337. ISBN 978-1847676436 . Retrieved 27 April 2012 .
^ Fricke, David (5 December 1996). "Aenima" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved 27 April 2012 . Still, the best parts of Ænima come when Tool just let the music rip and dip with the broiling, avant-metal ferocity of Led Zeppelin's Presence.
^ a b Wagner 2010, pg. 109, 117.
^ a b Wray, John (28 May 2006). "Heady Metal" . The New York Times . Retrieved 28 March 2012 .
^ Cummins, Johnson (1 March 2012). "Album of the Week" . Montreal Mirror . Quebecor . Archived from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012 .
^ Senft, Michael (6 July 2006). "Warped Tour a hit in new digs" . The Arizona Republic . Gannett Company . Retrieved 28 March 2012 . Early arrivals were able to see experimental metal pioneers Helmet as well as retro punks the Casualties.
^ Wagner 2010, pg. 252.
^ Wagner 2010, pg. 308.
^ Guyre, Jen (8 February 2008). "Exclusive: Neurosis Q&A" . Rhapsody . Retrieved 30 March 2012 .
^ Yuan, Henry (17 April 2010). "Sunn O))) to Curate Roadburn Festival 2011" . Revolver . Future US . Retrieved 7 August 2011 . Their metal-based drone experiments have proved groundbreaking and hugely influential for an entire new generation of musicians practicing the art of avant-garde metal, drone, post rock and psychedelia.
^ Deiterman, Corey (28 July 2015). "Faith No More is Back...Could Mr. Bungle Be Next?" . Houston Press . Voice Media Group . Retrieved 10 October 2015 .
^ a b c Wagner 2010, pg. 124, 301-302.
^ Wilson, Richard. "The Haxan Cloak" . AllMusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved 19 June 2013 . Distributed by experimental metal label Aurora Borealis, the release earned Krlic a recording deal with the London-based company.
^ "THE FLENSER to Release Debut from Animate Metal Sorcerers SEIDR" . Blabbermouth.net . Roadrunner Records . 27 January 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2012 .
^ Wagner 2010, pg. 344.
^ Brown, August (26 August 2009). "In a digital age, vinyl's making a comeback" . Los Angeles Times . p. 2 . Retrieved 28 March 2012 . ...said co-owner Mark Thompson, who also co-founded and runs the experimental-metal label Hydra Head Records.
^ Ruggiero, Bob (14 June 2007). "Unsane" . Houston Press . Voice Media Group . Retrieved 19 June 2013 .
^ Palmerston, Sean (December 2003). "Draconian Where Lovers Mourn" . Exclaim! . Ian Danzig. Retrieved 27 March 2012 .
^ Reesman, Brian (1 December 2001). "Hard Music Billboard Spotlight: Indies vs. Majors: Surviving in a Nu-Metal World" . Billboard . Vol. 113, no. 48. Nielsen Business Media . p. 23. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved 27 April 2012 .
^ Bowar, Chad. "5 Questions with Wizard Rifle" . About.com . The New York Times Company . Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2013 . We'd like to give a shout out to Seventh Rule and the striking, experimental metal acts coming from this label
^ Martens, Todd (6 January 2007). "Indies on the Verge" . Billboard . Vol. 119, no. 1. Nielsen Business Media . p. 27. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved 29 November 2016 .
^ Smith, Chris (July 2011). "Rehab of a strung-out musical scene" . San Francisco Magazine. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2011 . ; Smith, Chris (6 July 2011). "Our avant-garde metal scene" . ca-smith.net. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2011 .
^ Mier, P. D.; van den Hurk, J. J. (July 1975). "Lysosomal hydrolases of the epidermis. I. Glycosidases" . The British Journal of Dermatology . 93 (1 ): 1–10. doi :10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06468.x . ISSN 0007-0963 . PMID 30 . S2CID 221485240 .
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