Fingerprint scanners are security systems of biometrics. They are used in police stations,[1] security industries, smartphones,[2] and other mobile devices.[3][4]
People have patterns of friction ridges on their fingers, these patterns are called the fingerprints. Fingerprints are uniquely detailed, durable over an individual's lifetime, and difficult to alter.[5] Due to the unique combinations, fingerprints have become an ideal means of identification.[6]
There are four types of fingerprint scanners:[7] optical scanners, capacitance scanners, ultrasonic scanners, and thermal scanners. The basic function of every type of scanner is to obtain an image of a person's fingerprint and find a match for it in its database. The measure of the fingerprint image quality is in dots per inch (DPI).[8]
All fingerprint scanners are susceptible to be fooled by a technique that involves photographing fingerprints, processing the photographs using special software, and printing fingerprint replicas using a 3D printer.[9]
There are two construction forms: the stagnant and the moving fingerprint scanner.[10]
Fingerprint biometrics find applications in various fields and industries.
Microsoft released a fingerprint reader in 2005.[11]
From early 2000, some laptops with PC Card support can be equipped with readers; for example, Compaq Armada E500 can be optionally equipped by external fingerprint reader since 2000 - the reader module was released by Toshiba.[12] IBM produced laptops with integrated readers since 2004.[13] Apple's marketing name of electronic fingerprint recognition, known as Touch ID, was introduced in 2013 only for smartphones, and laptop option was released only in 2016. The implementation was delayed until 2013 just because the integrated with optical trackpad scanner were be patented by RIM (Blackberry) in 2004.[14] On laptops and smartphones, the fingerprint sensor is usually use USBorI2C interface.
