Italian Cardinal, diplomat and arts patron (1549–1627)
Portrait of Cardinal Francesco Maria del Monte by Ottavio Leoni
Francesco Maria del Monte, full name Francesco Maria Bourbon del Monte Santa Maria, (5 July 1549 – 27 August 1627) was an Italiancardinal, diplomat, and connoisseur of the arts.[1] His fame today rests on his early patronage of the important Baroque master Caravaggio, and on his art collection (the del Monte collection) which provides provenance for many important works of the period.
Palazzo Madama, Cardinal del Monte's palace in Rome.
Born in Venice of the aristocratic del Monte family of Tuscan origin (which provided several cardinals to the church), he was the son of Marquis Ranieri Bourbon del Monte, first Count of Monte Baroccio, and Minerva Pianosa. He began his ecclesiastical career as Abbot commendatario of Santa Croce a Monte Fabali. He then went to Rome when he was still quite young, and was appointed as auditor for Cardinal Alessandro Sforza, before being finally admitted into the court of Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici. He made his way up through the clerical ranks as Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace (1580), and later went to serve the grand-duke of Tuscany, the former Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici.
He served as Prefect of the Tridentine Council (1606 to 1616) and as Bishop of Palestrina from 1615 to 1621. He participated in the Papal Conclave of 1621 and had ambitions of being elected Pope but his pro-French sympathies ensured his veto by the Spanish.[3]
Academics such as Posner, Frommel, and Hibbard have drawn upon extant documents (principally the correspondence of Dirk van Ameyden) that suggest the strong likelihood that he was homosexual[4] and this may have influenced his tastes in the art he commissioned (including those by Caravaggio), as well as damaging prospects of assuming the papacy. Van Ameyden mischievously painted a portrait in words of a man that seemed to display more than a paternal care for the boys in his charge. But Graham-Dixon argues that such accusations seem deliberately to have been cast by the pro-Spanish Ameyden against the pro-French Del Monte in order to discredit him, and bear little real scrutiny. Besides which, there is better evidence that Del Monte had courted women in his youth.[5][6] In short, the most honest and impartial scholarly conclusion about Del Monte's sexuality is that just as we currently do not have grounds to prove his homosexuality, we likewise do not have grounds to absolutely exclude that possibility.
He died in his Rome palace, the (Palazzo Madama, today the home of the Italian Senate) and was buried in the church of Sant'Urbano, Rome.[7]
The epitaph on Del Monte's tomb describes him as an "excellent patron of the good arts".[7] Del Monte was a perceptive supporter of the arts and sciences – he was the first recorded owner of the Portland Vase, and his Palazzo Madama household was one of the most important intellectual salons in Rome. At his death his art collection contained more than six hundred paintings, and his support of the young Caravaggio has given provenance to several of that artist's early works.
Together with his brother, he helped Galileo win a lectureship in mathematics in Pisa in 1589 and in Padua in 1592. In the wake of Galileo's discovery of the 'Medicean Planets', he gave the Cardinal a copy of his Sidereus Nuncius (Sidereal message) and a telescope as gifts (in 1610).[8] When Galileo went to Rome in 1611, Grand Duke Cosimo II recommended him to the Cardinal's council so that he could be helped during his sojourn at the Vatican.[9]
^D. Posener, "Caravaggio's early homo-erotic works", Art Quarterly 24 (1976) 301-26; C. Frommer, "Caravaggio's fruhwerk und der Kardinal del Monte", Storia dell'arte 9–10 (1971) 5–29; Howard Hibbard, Caravaggio (1983) ISBN978-0-06-433322-1
^ abHoward, Deborah (1992). "Elsheimer's Flight into Egypt and the Night Sky in the Renaissance". Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte. 55 (2): 212–224. doi:10.2307/1482611. JSTOR1482611.
^'Galileo, Courtier: RRThe Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism', Mario Biagioli, University of Chicago Press, 1993.
^Mahon, Denis (January 1990). "The Singing 'Lute-Player' by Caravaggio from the Barberini Collection, Painted for Cardinal Del Monte". The Burlington Magazine. 132 (1042): 4–20+22–23. JSTOR884128.
![Caravaggio, The Lute Player, oil on canvas, 94 × 119 cm, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg[10]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michelangelo_Caravaggio_020.jpg)
Catholicism
Italy
