The Goodyear Airdock is a construction and storage airship hangarinAkron, Ohio. At its completion in 1929, it was the largest building in the world without interior supports.
The building has a unique shape which has been described as "half a silkworm's cocoon, cut in half the long way." It is 1,175 feet (358 m) long, 325 feet (99 m) wide, and 211 feet (64 m) high, supported by 13 steel arches. There is 364,000 square feet (34 000 m2) of unobstructed floor space, or an area larger than 8 football fields side-by-side. The airdock has a volume of 55 million cubic feet (or about 1.5 million cubic meters). A control tower and radio aerial sit at its northeast end. At each end of the building are two huge semi-spherical doors that each weigh 600 tons (544 000 kg). At the top, the doors are fastened by hollow forged pins 17 inches (43 cm) in diameter and six feet (1.8 m) long. The doors roll on 40 wheels along specially-designed curved railroad tracks, each powered by an individual power plant that can open the doors in about 5 minutes.[2]
The airdock is so large that temperature changes within the structure can be very different from that on the outside of the structure. To accommodate these fluctuations, which could cause structural damage, a row of 12 windows 100 feet (30 m) off the ground was installed. Furthermore, the entire structure is mounted on rollers to compensate for expansion or contraction resulting from temperature changes. When the humidity is high in the Airdock, a sudden change in temperature causes condensation. This condensation falls in a mist, creating the illusion of rain, according to the designer.[3][4]
History
[edit]The U.S. Navy airship USS Macon under construction at the Goodyear Airdock in 1932.
In 1929, Goodyear Zeppelin Corporation, later Goodyear Aerospace, sought a structure in which "lighter-than-air" ships (later known as airships, dirigibles, and blimps) could be constructed.[5] The company commissioned Karl ArnsteinofAkron, Ohio, whose design was inspired by the blueprints of the first aerodynamic-shaped airship hangar, built in 1913 in Dresden, Germany.[6]
Construction took place from April 20 to November 25, 1929, at a cost of $2.2 million (equivalent to $30.74 million in 2023[7]).
The first two airships to be constructed and launched at the airdock were USS Akron, in 1931, and its sister ship, USS Macon.
When World War II broke out, enclosed production areas were desperately needed, and the airdock was used for building airships. The last airship built in the airdock was the U.S. Navy's ZPG-3W in 1960. The building later housed the photographic division of the Goodyear Aerospace Corporation.
In 1987, the Loral Corporation purchased Goodyear Aerospace and the Goodyear Airdock as a result of James Goldsmith's greenmailing of Goodyear. The Loral Corporation (and its holdings, including the Goodyear Airdock) was purchased by Lockheed Martin in 1996.
As of 2021[update] California company LTA Research and Exploration, together with the University of Akron, plans to use the airdock to develop electric-powered airships.[9]
The airdock is not open to the public, but it can be seen by those traveling on U.S. Route 224 east of downtown Akron.
^Roland Fuhrmann (2019). "Dresden’s gateway to the skies: the world’s first streamlined airship hangar and its influence on architectural history", Thelem Universitätsverlag Dresden, 2019, ISBN978-3-95908-482-6.
