Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
| |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1777-09-12)12 September 1777 |
| Died | 1 May 1850(1850-05-01) (aged 72) |
| Known for | Taxonomic authority on zoological species |
| Awards | Member of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia and of the French Academy of Sciences; foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields |
|
| Institutions | Collège de France French Academy of Sciences |
| Author abbrev. (zoology) | Blainville |
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (French: [ɑ̃ʁi maʁi dykʁɔtɛ də blɛ̃vil]; 12 September 1777 – 1 May 1850) was a French zoologist and anatomist.
Blainville was born at Arques, near Dieppe. As a young man, he went to Paris to study art, but ultimately devoted himself to natural history. He attracted the attention of Georges Cuvier, for whom he occasionally substituted as lecturer at the Collège de France and at the Athenaeum Club, London. In 1812, he was aided by Cuvier in acquiring the position of assistant professor of anatomy and zoology in the Faculty of Sciences at Paris. Eventually, relations between the two men soured, a situation that ended in open enmity.[1]
In 1819, Blainville was elected a member of the American Philosophical SocietyinPhiladelphia.[2] In 1825, he was admitted a member of the French Academy of Sciences; and in 1830, he was appointed to succeed Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in the chair of natural history at the museum. Two years later, on the death of Cuvier, he obtained the chair of comparative anatomy, of which he proved himself a worthy successor to his former teacher.[1] In 1837, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. On May 1, 1850, he died from an attack of apoplexy in a railway carriage at the Embarcadère du Havre (current Gare Saint-Lazare) in Paris.[3]
He was the taxonomic authority of numerous zoological species, extinct and extant; including the eponymous Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris.
In the field of herpetology, he adopted Pierre André Latreille's proposal of separating Amphibia from Reptilia, and then (1816) developed a unique arrangement in regards to sub-groupings, using organs of generation as primary criteria.[4][5] He described several new species of reptiles.[6]
Blainville rejected evolution. He was a critic of Lamarck's evolutionary ideas but similar to Lamarck proposed a great chain of being.[7][8]
It was in 1822 that he coined the term paleontology.
Blainville is commemorated in the scientific names of several species, such as the
Attribution:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 33.| International |
|
|---|---|
| National |
|
| Academics |
|
| People |
|
| Other |
|
