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( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m I j i m a ' s l e a f - w a r b l e r )
Ijima's leaf warbler (Phylloscopus ijimae ) (also known as Izu leaf warbler, Ijima's willow warbler or Ijima's warbler) is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae . The species is native to Japan , where it has been designated a Natural Monument under the 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties ,[6] with records also from Taiwan and the Philippines.[1]
Taxonomy [ edit ]
Ijima Isao (1861–1921), whose name the warbler bears[2]
Ijima's leaf warbler is a monotypic species first described by Leonhard Stejneger in 1892, based on three specimens collected in the spring of 1887 by Namie Motokichi [ja ] on Miyake-jima and Nii-jima , in the Izu Islands of Tokyo .[2] Initially given the scientific name Acanthopneuste ijimae by Stejneger,[7] Momiyama Tokutarō [fi ] followed suit in a 1923 paper on the birds of Izu Ōshima .[8] : 206 In a 1926 paper on a collection of birds from the Ryūkyū Islands , Kuroda Nagamichi treated the warbler instead as a subspecies of the western crowned warbler , as Acanthopneuste occipitalis ijimae ,[3] : 85 Yamashina Yoshimaro following suit in 1935.[9] : 431 In 1938, Claud Ticehurst treated the warbler as a "race " of the eastern crowned warbler (Phylloscopus coronatus ),[5] [10] as did Allan Robert Phillips in 1947, based on three specimens from the southern part of Okinawa Island , the combination being Phylloscopus coronatus ijimae .[4] In 1953, citing differences in songs and nesting behaviours, Oliver L. Austin and Kuroda Nagahisa elevated the warbler to specific rank, with the binomial Phylloscopus ijimae ,[11] : 543 a treatment followed the next year by Charles Vaurie [12] : 22 Kenneth Williamson treated the warbler as a subspecies of the pale-legged leaf warbler , under the combination Phylloscopus tenellipes ijimae ;[5] however, due to differences in its vocalizations, nesting preferences, and DNA,[7] the warbler has again been elevated to species rank, as Phylloscopus ijimae .[13] The specific name honours Ijima Isao , for his contributions to Japanese ornithology.[2] [14]
Description [ edit ]
The eastern crowned warbler (Phylloscopus coronatus ) may be distinguished by its crown stripe[15]
Ijima's leaf warbler is a small passerine with a total length of 11.5 cm (4.5 in ) and weight of around 10 g (0.35 oz ).[16] The crown and nape are a greenish-grey, upperparts a bright olive green , flanks greyish, and underparts white.[7] It has a long white or buffish-white supercilium , blackish eyestripe , and dark brown iris .[7] The beak is relatively long and "broad-based", the upper mandible dark brown, the lower yellowish, and the legs and feet a pinkish brown.[1] [7]
The warbler is similar in appearance to the eastern crowned warbler (Phylloscopus coronatus ), from which it may be distinguished visually by the absence of a central stripe on its crown and by its paler yellow undertail coverts .[7] [15] Its song and calls , which include "swss, swss, swss", "swee-swee-swee-swee-swee", "shwee-it, shweet, shweet, shweet", and a soft "se-chui, se-chui, se-chui" and "phi-phi-phi",[7] also differ from those of the eastern crowned warbler.[17]
Distribution and habitat [ edit ]
Ijima's leaf warbler breeds in the summer in the Izu Islands , from Izu Ōshima to Aogashima , and also on Nakanoshima in the Tokara Islands .[16] [18] In the spring and autumn, there are records of its presence from Honshū (Shizuoka , Aichi , and Wakayama prefectures), Mizunoko-jima , Tanegashima , Yakushima , and Okinawa Island and the Yaeyama Islands in the Ryūkyūs .[16] [18] Its wintering grounds are poorly understood; a small number may overwinter in the Izu Islands (Miyake-jima and Hachijō-jima [17] ) and Ryūkyū Islands, while there are also records from Taiwan and Luzon in the northern Philippines.[15] [18] It inhabits the "lowland deciduous and mixed subtropical evergreen forest " and laurel forest , including the forest edge , stands of alder (Alnus ) and bamboo, and shrubland .[15] [18]
Ecology [ edit ]
Insects form the principal component of its diet — when written in kanji (飯島虫喰),[17] the warbler's Japanese name reads as "Ijima's insect-eater" — which also includes seeds.[18] For these it forages, singly or in small groups (sometimes including other species, in particular long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus )), on lower branches, in the forest canopy , and on the ground, and it may also take prey in mid-air.[18] [19]
The breeding season is from April to June or July.[16] [18] Nests are built some 0.5–2 m (1 ft 8 in – 6 ft 7 in ) from the ground,[7] on broad-leaved trees and in bamboo (this nesting behaviour differs from that of the eastern crowned warbler, which nests on the ground and in earthen banks ).[18] The clutch size ranges from two to four eggs, with three or four the most common.[18]
Conservation [ edit ]
The declining population, thought to total fewer than 10,000 individuals,[1] is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation .[7] [15] In addition, the availability of prey may be impacted by the use of pesticides .[18] The species was badly affected by the eruption of Miyake-jima in 2000.[18]
With an estimated 3% of the global population, Phylloscopus ijimae (Chinese : 飯島柳鶯 ) is included on the 2016 Red List of Birds of Taiwan with the status "vulnerable".[20] : 38 (The species is also included on the 2016 Red List of China's Vertebrates (with the vernacular name 日本冕柳莺), with the status "near threatened".[21] : 523 ) In the Philippines, the species is included on the National List of Threatened Fauna , as a migrant bird on Luzon, with the status "vulnerable".[22] On the 2020 Japanese Ministry of the Environment Red List , Phylloscopus ijimae (Japanese : イイジマムシクイ ) has the status "vulnerable",[23] as it had done also on the 1998 and 2007 editions.[16]
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ a b Kuroda Nagamichi (1926). "On a small collection of Birdss from the Riu Kiu Islands" 琉球孤島産鳥類の小採集物に就て [On a Small Collection of Birds from the Riu Kiu Islands]. Japanese Journal of Ornithology (in English and Japanese). 5 (22 ): 79–95. doi :10.3838/jjo1915.5.22_79 .
^ a b Phillips, A.R. (1947). "Notes on Phylloscopus coronatus ijimae " . The Auk . 64 (1 ): 127–128. doi :10.2307/4080070 . JSTOR 4080070 .
^ a b c Williamson, K. (1976). Identification for Ringers 2: The Genus Phylloscopus . British Trust for Ornithology . p. 44. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.566.2944 .
^ イイジマムシクイ [Ijima's leaf warbler] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs . Retrieved 4 June 2022 .
^ a b c d e f g h i del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A, eds. (2006). Handbook of the Birds of the World . Vol. 11: Old Worlf Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 667–668. ISBN 84-96553-06-X .
^ Momiyama Tokutarō [in Finnish] (1923). 伊豆大島に於ける鳥類 [Birds on Izu Ōshima]. Japanese Journal of Ornithology (in Japanese). 3 (14 ): 196–213. doi :10.3838/jjo.3.14_196 .
^ Yamashina Yoshimaro (1935). "On Acanthopneuste occipitalis ijimae and Locustella ochotensis pleskei" イヒジマメボソとウチヤマセンニフ [On Acanthopneuste occipitalis ijimae and Locustella ochotensis pleskei ]. Japanese Journal of Ornithology (in Japanese). 8 (40 ): 431–439. doi :10.3838/jjo1915.8.40_431 .
^ Ticehurst, C.B. (1938). A Systematic Review of the Genus Phylloscopus . London: Trustees of the British Museum. p. 162.
^ Austin, O.L. ; Kuroda Nagahisa (1953). "The Birds of Japan: their status and distribution" . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology . 109 (4 ): 277–637. hdl :2246/4956 .
^ Vaurie, C. (1954). "Systematic Notes on Palearctic Birds. No. 9. Sylviinae: the genus Phylloscopus ". American Museum Novitates (1685): 1–23. hdl :2246/4956 .
^ Gill, F. ; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. , eds. (2022). "IOC World Bird List v12.1: Bushtits, leaf warblers, reed warblers" . IOC World Bird List . Retrieved 4 June 2022 .
^ Beolens, B.; Watkins, M.; Grayson, M. (2014). The Eponym Dictionary of Birds . Bloomsbury . pp. 274–275. ISBN 978-1-4729-0573-4 .
^ a b c d e イイジマムシクイ [Phylloscopus ijimae ] (in Japanese). Tokyo Metropolitan Government . Retrieved 4 June 2022 .
^ a b c d e Ministry of the Environment , ed. (2014). レッドデータブック2014 —日本の絶滅のおそれのある野生生物— 2 鳥類 [Red Data Book 2014 — Threatened Wildlife of Japan — Volume 2, Aves ] (in Japanese). Gyōsei Corporation. pp. 218–219. ISBN 978-4-324-09896-7 .
^ a b c Kabaya Tsuruhiko [in Japanese] ; Matsuda Michio 松田道生 (2001). 日本野鳥大図鑑 鳴き声420 [The Songs & Calls of 420 Birds in Japan ] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan . p. 294. ISBN 4-09-480073-5 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Collar, N.J., ed. (2001). Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book (PDF) . Vol. B. BirdLife International . pp. 2170–2175. ISBN 0-946888-43-4 .
^ Clement, P. (2006). "Ijima's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus ijimae " . Cornell Lab of Ornithology . Cornell University . Retrieved 4 June 2022 .
^ Lin, R.-S.; Lu, Y.-J.; Yang, C.-H.; Tseng, T.-J.; Ko, C.-J.; Chen, W.-J. (2016). 2016臺灣鳥類紅皮書名錄 [The Red List of Birds of Taiwan, 2016 ] (in Chinese and English). Endemic Species Research Institute . ISBN 978-986-05-1406-3 .
^ Zhigang Jiang; et al. (2016). 中国脊椎动物红色名录 [Red List of China's Vertebrates]. Biodiversity Science (in Chinese and English). 24 (5 ): 500–551. doi :10.17520/biods.2016076 .
^ "National List of Threatened Fauna" . Biodiversity Management Bureau . Retrieved 3 June 2022 .
^ レッドリスト2020 鳥類 [2020 Red List: Birds] (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment . 27 March 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2022 .
External links [ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ijima%27s_leaf_warbler&oldid=1138299246 "
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