Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 History  



1.1  Proto-Indo-Iranians  







2 List of historical Indo-Aryan peoples  





3 Contemporary Indo-Aryan people  





4 See also  





5 References  





6 Sources  





7 External links  














Indo-Aryan peoples






العربية
تۆرکجه

Bikol Central
Български
Català
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Français

Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Latviešu
Malagasy


پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Romani čhib
Русский
Shqip
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Svenska
ி

Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Vit

 

Edit links
 









Article
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 




In other projects  



Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
 
















Appearance
   

 





Page protected with pending changes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 

(Redirected from Indo-Aryans)






Indo-Aryan peoples
1978 map showing geographical distribution of the major Indo-Aryan languages. (Urdu is included under Hindi. Romani, Domari, and Lomavren are outside the scope of the map.) Dotted/striped areas indicate where multilingualism is common.
  Central
  Dardic
  Eastern
  Western
Total population
~1.5 billion [citation needed]
Regions with significant populations
 Indiaover 911 million[1]
 Pakistanover 190 million[2]
 Bangladeshover 160 million[3]
   Nepalover 26 million
 Sri Lankaover 14 million
 Afghanistanover 2 million
 Mauritiusover 725,400
 Maldivesover 300,000[4]
 Bhutanover 240,000
Languages
Indo-Aryan languages
Religion
Indian religions (Mostly Hindu; with Buddhist, Sikh and Jain minorities) and Islam, Christians and some non-religious atheist/agnostic

Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse collection of peoples speaking Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent. Historically, Aryans were the Indo-Iranian speaking pastoralists who migrated from Central Asia into South Asia and introduced the Proto-Indo-Aryan language.[5][6][7][8][9] The early Indo-Aryan peoples were known to be closely related and belonging to the same Indo-Iranian group that have resided north of the Indus River; an evident connection in cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Today, Indo-Aryan speakers are found south of the Indus, across the modern-day regions of Bangladesh, Nepal, eastern-Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and northern-India.[10]

History[edit]

Proto-Indo-Iranians[edit]

Archaeological cultures associated with Indo-Iranian migrations (after EIEC). The Andronovo, BMAC and Yaz cultures have often been associated with Indo-Iranian migrations. The GGC, Cemetery H, Copper Hoard, OCP, and PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with Indo-Aryan migrations.

The introduction of the Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent was the result of a migration of Indo-Aryan people from Central Asia into the northern Indian subcontinent (modern-day Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). These migrations started approximately 1,800 BCE, after the invention of the war chariot, and also brought Indo-Aryan languages into the Levant and possibly Inner Asia.[citation needed] Another group of Indo-Aryans migrated further westward and founded the Mitanni kingdom in northern Syria;[11] (c. 1500–1300 BC) the other group was the Vedic people.[12] Christopher I. Beckwith suggests that the Wusun, an Indo-European Caucasoid people of Inner Asiainantiquity, were also of Indo-Aryan origin.[13]

The Proto-Indo-Iranians, from which the Indo-Aryans developed, are identified with the Sintashta culture (2100–1800 BCE),[14][15] and the Andronovo culture,[citation needed] which flourished ca. 1800–1400 BCE in the steppes around the Aral Sea, present-day Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The Proto-Indo-Aryan split off around 1800–1600 BCE from the Iranians,[16] moved south through the Bactria-Margiana Culture, south of the Andronovo culture, borrowing some of their distinctive religious beliefs and practices from the BMAC, and then migrated further south into the Levant and north-western India.[17][5] The migration of the Indo-Aryans was part of the larger diffusion of Indo-European languages from the Proto-Indo-European homeland at the Pontic–Caspian steppe which started in the 4th millennium BCE.[5][18][19] The GGC, Cemetery H, Copper Hoard, OCP, and PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with Indo-Aryans.

The Indo-Aryans were united by shared cultural norms and language, referred to as aryā 'noble'. Over the last four millennia, the Indo-Aryan culture has evolved particularly inside India itself, but its origins are in the conflation of values and heritage of the Indo-Aryan and indigenous people groups of India.[20] Diffusion of this culture and language took place by patron-client systems, which allowed for the absorption and acculturation of other groups into this culture, and explains the strong influence on other cultures with which it interacted.

Genetically, most Indo-Aryan-speaking populations are descendants of a mix of Central Asian steppe pastoralists, Iranian hunter-gatherers, and, to a lesser extent, South Asian hunter-gatherers—commonly known as Ancient Ancestral South Indians (AASI). Dravidians are descendants of a mix of South Asian hunter-gatherers and Iranian hunter-gatherers, and to a lesser extent, Central Asian steppe pastoralists. South Indian Tribal Dravidians descend majorly from South Asian hunter-gatherers, and to a lesser extent Iranian hunter-gatherers.[21][22][23] Additionally, Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burmese speaking people contributed to the genetic make-up of South Asia.[24]

Indigenous Aryanism propagates the idea that the Indo-Aryans were indigenous to the Indian subcontinent, and that the Indo-European languages spread from there to central Asia and Europe. Contemporary support for this idea is ideologically driven, and has no basis in objective data and mainstream scholarship.[25][26][27][28][29]

List of historical Indo-Aryan peoples[edit]

  • Bahlikas
  • Bharatas
  • Caidyas
  • Dewa
  • Gāndhārīs
  • Gangaridai
  • Gurjara-Pratihara
  • Kambojas
  • Kalinga
  • Kasmira
  • Kekaya
  • Khasas
  • Kikata
  • Koliya
  • Kosala
  • Kurus
  • Licchavis
  • Madra
  • Magadhis
  • Malavas
  • Mallakas
  • Mātsyeyas
  • Moriya
  • Nishadhas
  • Odra
  • Pakthas
  • Panchala
  • Paundra
  • Puru
  • Salva
  • Salwa
  • Saraswata
  • Sauvira
  • Shakya
  • Sindhu
  • Sudra
  • Surasena
  • Trigarta
  • Utkala
  • Vanga
  • Vatsa
  • Vidarbha
  • Videha
  • Yadava
  • Yadu
  • Contemporary Indo-Aryan people[edit]

  • Awadhi people
  • Banjara people
  • Bengali people
  • Bhil people
  • Bhojpuri people
  • Bishnupriya Manipuri people
  • Brokpa people
  • Chakma people
  • Deccani people
  • Dhivehi people
  • Dogra people
  • Garhwali people
  • Gujarati people
  • Halba people
  • Haryanvi people
  • Jaunsari people
  • Kalash people
  • Kashmiri people
  • Khas people
  • Kho people
  • Kohistani people
  • Konkani people
  • Kumauni people
  • Kutchi people
  • Magahi people
  • Muhajir people
  • Maithil people
  • Marathi people
  • Marwari people
  • Nagpuria people
  • Odia people
  • Palula people
  • Pashayi people
  • Pahari people
  • Punjabi people
  • Rajasthani people
  • Romani people
  • Rohingya people
  • Sadan people
  • Saraiki people
  • Saurashtra people
  • Shina people
  • Sindhi people
  • Sinhalese people
  • Thari people
  • Tharu people
  • Thori people
  • Tirahi people
  • Torwali people
  • Warli people
  • See also[edit]

  • Indo-Iranians
  • Dardic peoples
  • Aryan
  • Indo-Aryan languages
  • Indo-Aryan migrations
  • Indigenous Aryanism
  • Aryan race
  • Aryavarta
  • Dasa
  • Dravidian peoples
  • Early Indians
  • South Asian diaspora
  • Northern South Asia
  • References[edit]

    1. ^ "India". The World Factbook. 16 November 2021.
  • ^ "Pakistan". The World Factbook. 4 February 2022.
  • ^ "Bangladesh". The World Factbook. 4 February 2022.
  • ^ "Population of Lhotshampas in Bhutan". UNHCR. 2004. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  • ^ a b c Anthony 2007.
  • ^ Erdosy 2012.
  • ^ "How ancient DNA may rewrite prehistory in India". bbc. 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  • ^ "New reports clearly confirm 'Arya' migration into India". thehindu. 13 September 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  • ^ "Aryans or Harappans—Who drove the creation of caste system? DNA holds a clue". theprint. 29 June 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  • ^ Danesh Jain, George Cardona (2007). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 2.
  • ^ Anthony 2007, p. 454.
  • ^ Beckwith 2009, p. 33 note 20.
  • ^ Beckwith 2009, p. 376-7.
  • ^ Anthony 2007, p. 390 (fig. 15.9), 405–411.
  • ^ Kuz'mina 2007, p. 222.
  • ^ Anthony 2007, p. 408.
  • ^ George Erdosy (1995). "The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity", p. 279
  • ^ Johannes Krause mit Thomas Trappe: Die Reise unserer Gene. Eine Geschichte über uns und unsere Vorfahren. Propyläen Verlag, Berlin 2019, p. 148 ff.
  • ^ "All Indo-European Languages May Have Originated From This One Place". IFLScience. 24 May 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  • ^ Avari, Burjor (11 June 2007). India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Sub-Continent from c. 7000 BC to AD 1200. Routledge. pp. xvii. ISBN 978-1-134-25161-2.
  • ^ Reich et al. 2009.
  • ^ Narasimhan et al. 2019.
  • ^ Yelmen, Burak; Mondal, Mayukh; Marnetto, Davide; Pathak, Ajai K; Montinaro, Francesco; Gallego Romero, Irene; Kivisild, Toomas; Metspalu, Mait; Pagani, Luca (5 April 2019). "Ancestry-Specific Analyses Reveal Differential Demographic Histories and Opposite Selective Pressures in Modern South Asian Populations". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (8): 1628–1642. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz037. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 6657728. PMID 30952160.
  • ^ Basu et al. 2016.
  • ^ Witzel 2001, p. 95.
  • ^ Jamison 2006.
  • ^ Guha 2007, p. 341.
  • ^ Fosse 2005, p. 438.
  • ^ Olson 2016, p. 136.
  • Sources[edit]

    • Anthony, David W. (2007). The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World. Princeton University Press.
  • Basu A, Sarkar-Roy N, Majumder PP (February 2016). "Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five distinct ancestral components and a complex structure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (6): 1594–9. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.1594B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1513197113. PMC 4760789. PMID 26811443.
  • Beckwith, Christopher I. (16 March 2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400829941. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  • Bryant, Edwin (2001). The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513777-9.
  • Erdosy, George, ed. (2012), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, Walter de Gruyter
  • Fosse, Lars Martin (2005), "ARYAN PAST AND POST-COLONIAL PRESENT. The polemics and politics of indigenous Aryanism", in Bryant, Edwin; Patton, Laurie L. (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Controversy. Evidence and inference in Indian history, Routledge
  • Guha, Sudeshna (2007), "Review. Reviewed Work: The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History by Edwin F. Bryant, Laurie Patton", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, 17 (3): 340–343, doi:10.1017/S135618630700733X, S2CID 163092658
  • Jamison, Stephanie W. (2006). "The Indo-Aryan controversy: Evidence and inference in Indian history (Book review)" (PDF). Journal of Indo-European Studies. 34: 255–261.
  • Kuz'mina, Elena Efimovna (2007), J. P. Mallory (ed.), The Origin of the Indo-Iranians, Brill, ISBN 978-9004160545
  • Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999). The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC. Cambridge University Press. pp. 87–88. ISBN 0-5214-7030-7. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  • Mallory, JP. 1998. "A European Perspective on Indo-Europeans in Asia". In The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern and Central Asia. Ed. Mair. Washington DC: Institute for the Study of Man.
  • Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.; Patterson, N.J.; Moorjani, Priya; Rohland, Nadin; et al. (2019), "The Formation of Human Populations in South and Central Asia", Science, 365 (6457): 7487, doi:10.1126/science.aat7487, PMC 6822619, PMID 31488661
  • Olson, Carl (2016). Religious Ways of Experiencing Life: A Global and Narrative Approach. Routledge.
  • Reich, David; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Patterson, Nick; Price, Alkes L.; Singh, Lalji (2009), "Reconstructing Indian population history", Nature, 461 (7263): 489–494, Bibcode:2009Natur.461..489R, doi:10.1038/nature08365, ISSN 0028-0836, PMC 2842210, PMID 19779445
  • Trubachov, Oleg N., 1999: Indoarica, Nauka, Moscow.
  • Witzel, Michael (2001), "Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF), Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, 7 (3): 1–115
  • Witzel, Michael (2005), "Indocentrism", in Bryant, Edwin; Patton, Laurie L. (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Controversy. Evidence and inference in Indian history, Routledge
  • External links[edit]


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indo-Aryan_peoples&oldid=1232561496"

    Categories: 
    Indo-Aryan peoples
    Indo-Iranian peoples
    Ancient peoples of India
    Ancient peoples of Pakistan
    Ancient peoples of Nepal
    Hidden categories: 
    Articles with short description
    Short description is different from Wikidata
    Wikipedia pending changes protected pages
    Articles that may contain original research from January 2021
    All articles that may contain original research
    Use dmy dates from September 2019
    Use Indian English from June 2016
    All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English
    Short description matches Wikidata
    All articles with unsourced statements
    Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021
    Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters
    Articles with unsourced statements from August 2023
    Articles with J9U identifiers
    Articles with LCCN identifiers
     



    This page was last edited on 4 July 2024, at 11:00 (UTC).

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki