Jabriyya (also spelled Jabriyyah, DjabriyyaorJabriyah) was an early Islamic philosophical school based on the belief that humans are controlled by predestination, without having choice or free will. The Jabriyya school originated during the Umayyad dynasty in Basra. The first representative of this school was al-Ja'd ibn Dirham (executed in 724).[1]
The term is derived from the Arabic root j-b-r, in the sense which gives the meaning of someone who is forced or coerced by destiny.[1]
Jabriyya is a derogatory term used by different Islamic groups that they consider wrong, so it is not a specific theological school.[2]
The Ash'ariyah used the term Jabriyya in the first place to describe the followers of Jahm ibn Safwan (died 746) in that they regarded their faith as a middle position between Qadariyah and Jabriyya. On the other hand, the Mu'tazilah considered Ash'ariyah as Jabriyya because, in their opinion, they rejected the orthodox doctrine of free will, despite the Asharis rejecting this claim.[3]
The Shiites used the term Jabriyya to describe Ash'ariyah and Hanbalis.[4]
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