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( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m L i s t o f d e f u n c t U n i t e d S t a t e s a u t o m o b i l e m a n u f a c t u r e r s )
This is a list of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States . They were discontinued for various reasons, such as bankruptcy of the parent company, mergers, or being phased out.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Abbott-Detroit (1909–1918) [2]
Abeln-Zehr (1911–1912) [3]
AC Propulsion (1997–2003) tzero model
Apex Motor Car Company (1920–1922) Ace model
Acme Motor Car Company (1903–1911)
Adams Company (1905–1912)
Anger Engineering Company (1913–1915)[4]
Aerocar Company (1905–1908)
Aerocar International (1946–1987)
Aircraft Products (1947) Airscoot model
Airway (1949–1950)[5]
Ajax Motors Co. (1914–1915)
Ajax Motor Vehicle Company (1901–1903)
Aland Motor Car Company (1916–1917)
Albany Automobile Company (1907–1908)
Alden Sampson Company (1904) Sampson model
Albaugh-Dover Co. (1910–1911)
All-Steel Motor Car Co. (1915–1916)
Allen Motor Company (1913–1922) [6]
Allen Iron & Steel Company (1913–1914) [7]
Alpena Motor Company (1910–1914)[8]
Alter Motor Car Company (1914–1917)
Altham (1896–1899)
Alcoa (1920–1922) [9]
Amalgamated Machinery Corp (1917–1919)
Ambassador (1921–1925)[10] [11]
American Automobile Manufacturing Company (1911–1912)[10] Jonz and American models. Based in Indiana.
American Automobile and Power Company (1904–1905)
American Automobile Co. (1899–1901)[10]
American Cyclecar Co. (1914)[10]
American Austin (1929–1941) [10]
American Beauty (1918–1920)[12]
American Electric (1913–1914)
American Electric Vehicle Co. (1896–1902)
American Locomotive Automobile Company (1908–1913)[10]
American Metal Wheel & Auto Co (1907) Juvenile model
American Mors (1906–1909)[10]
American Motor Car Company (1906–1914)
American Motor Carriage Co. (1902–1904)[10]
American Motor Vehicle Co. (1916–1920) Junior model
American Motors (1954–1987)
American Motors Co. (1906–1924)[10] [13] Balanced Six model. Based in New Jersey
American Motors Incorporated (1917–1922) Amco model. Based in New York
American Power Carriage (1899–1900)[10]
American Simplex (1906–1913) Amplex in 1910
American Steam Automobile Co. (1924–1931)
American Steam Truck Co. (1922–1924)
American Voiturette (1913–1914)[3] Car-Nation models
American Waltham (1898–1899)
American Wheelock[14] [when?
Ames, F.A. Co. (1910–1922) [10] [15]
Ams-Sterling (1917)[10]
Anchor Buggy & Carriage Co. (1910–1911)
Anderson Automobile Co. (1916–1925)[10]
Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co. (1907–1910)[16]
Anderson Machine Co. (1906)[16]
Anger Engineering Company (1912–1915)[17]
Angus (1907–1910)[10] Fuller model
Anheuser-Busch (1905)[18] the beer company
Anhut (1909–1910)[19]
Ansted (1926–1927)
Ansted-Lexington (1922)
Anthony (1899–1900)[10]
Apperson (1902–1926)
Apple Automobile Company (1917–1918)
Arabian (1915–1917)[20]
ArBenz (1911–1918)[10]
Ardsley Motor Car Co. (1905–1906)
Argo Electric Vehicle Co. (1912–1916)
Argo Motor Co. (1914–1916)
Ariel Company (1905–1907)
Aristos[10] [when?
Armstrong Electric (1885–1902)
Arnolt, S.H. Inc. (1953–1954)[5]
Artzberger (1904)[21]
Atlas Automobile Co. (1906–1907)
Atlas Motor Car Co. (1907–1913)
Auburn Automobile Co. (1900–1936)
Auburn Motor Chassis (1912–1915)[22]
Aultman (1901)
Aurora Automobile Co. (1905–1906)[10] [22]
Aurora Automatic Machinery Co. (1907–1909)[22]
Austen[10] [when?
Austin Automobile Company (1901–1921)[10]
Auto-Bug (1909–1910)[10]
Auto Cub (1956)
Auto Cycle (1906–1907)[10]
Auto Dynamic (1900–1902)[10]
Autoette Electric Car Co. (1948–1970)
Automatic Transportation Co. (1921)[10]
Automobile Fore Carriage (1900)[23]
Automobile Voiturette[10] [when?
Automotor (1901–1904)[10]
Autoparts Manufacturing Co. (1910) King-Remick model
Auto Tricar (1914)[10]
Auto Vehicle[10] [when?
Avanti Motor Co. (1963–2007)
Avery Company (1891–1928) Tractor, truck and car manufacturer
Babcock, H.H. Company (1909–1913)[10]
Babcock Electric Carriage Co. (1906–1912)
Baby Moose (1914)
Bachelle Electric (1900–1903)[10]
Bacon (1901, 1919–1920)[10]
Badger (1910–1911)[24]
Bailey (1907–1910)[10]
Baker Electric (1899–1916)[25]
Balboa (1924–1925)[10]
Baldner (1900–1903)[10]
Baldwin (1899–1901)[10]
Ball Steam (1868, 1902)[10]
Balzer (1894–1900)
Banker (1905)[10]
Bantam (1914)[12] American Bantam
Barbarino (1923–1925)[10]
Barley Motor Car Co. (1916–1929)
Barrows Electric (1895–1899)[26]
Bates Automobile Company (1904–1905)
Bauer (1914–1916)[10] [where?
Bay State (1907–1908)[10]
Bean-Chamberlain Manufacturing Co. (1901–1902) Hudson model
Beardsley (1914–1917)[10]
Beechcraft (1946)[5]
Beggs (1919–1923)[10]
Belden (1907–1911)[10]
Bell Motor Car Company (1916–1922)[27]
Belmont Electric Auto Co. (1909–1910)
Belmont (1916)[10] [where?
Bendix (1908–1909)[10]
Benham Manufacturing Co. (1914)
Ben Hur (1917–1918)[25]
Benner (1909)[10]
Berg (1903–1905)[2]
Bergdoll (1910–1913)[10]
Berwick Auto Car Co. (1904)
Berkshire (1905–1912)[10]
Berliet[10] [when?
Bertolet (1908–1910)[10]
Bethlehem[18] [when?
Beverly (1904)[10]
Bi-Autogo (1908–1912)[28]
Biddle (1915–1922)
Beisel Motorette Company (1914)
Bimel (1916–1917)[10]
Binghamton Electric (1920)
Binney & Burnham (1901–1902)
Birch Motor Cars (1916–1923)[12]
Birmingham Motors (1921–1923)[10]
Black (1893, 1896–1900)[where?
Black Motor Company (1908–1910)[29]
Blackhawk (1903)[10]
Blackhawk (1929–1930)
Bliss (1906)
B.L.M. (1906–1907)[10]
Blomstrom (C.H.) Motor Co. (1902–1903)[10] [where?
Blomstrom Manufacturing Co. (1907–1908)[10] Gyroscope model, based in Michigan.
Blood Brothers Auto and Machine Company (1902–1906)
BMC (1952)[5] British brand
Boardman (1946)[5]
Bobbi-Kar (1945–1947)[5]
Boisselot (1901)[10]
Borbein Electric (1900, 1904–1909)[10]
Borland Electric (1910–1916)[10]
Boss Steam Car (1897–1909)[30]
Boston-Amesbury (1902–1903)[10]
Boston High Wheel (1907)[10]
Bour-Davis Co. (1915–1922)
Bournonville[10] [when?
Bowman Motor Car Company (1921–1922)[10]
Bramwell (1904–1905)[10] [where?
Bramwell-Robinson (1899–1902)[10] [where?
Brasie (1914–1916)[10]
Brazier (1902–1903)[10]
Brecht (1901–1903)[30]
Brennan (1902–1908)[10]
Brew-Hatcher (1904–1905)
Brewster & Co. (1915–1925, 1934–1937)
Briggs and Stratton (1919–1923)[10] Smith Flyer model
Briggs-Detroiter Motor Car Co. (1912–1917)
Brightwood[10] [when?
Briscoe Motor Co. (1913–1923)
Bristol (1903–1904)[30]
Broc Electric (1909–1916)[25]
Brogan (1946–1950)[5]
Brook (1920–1921)[10]
Brooks Steamer (1927)[10]
Brown (1914)[10]
Brownie (1916)[31]
Browniekar (1908–1911)[31]
Brush Motor Car Company (1907–1912)
Bryan Steam Car (1918–1923)
Buckeye (1895)[32]
Buckmobile (1903–1905)
Buffalo Automobile and Auto-Bi Company (1900–1902)[10]
Buffalo Electric (1912–1915)
Buffum (1901–1907)
Buggy Car Company (1908–1909)[10]
Bugmobile (1907–1909)[33]
Burdick (1909)[31]
Burg (1910–1913)[31]
Burns (1908–1912)[31]
Burrows (1914–1915)
Burtt Manufacturing Co. (1902–1906)[10] Cannon model
Bush (1916–1924)
Cady Automobile Company (1899)[34]
California (1900–1902, 1910)[35]
Caloric (1903–1904)
Camelot Motors (1981)[34]
Cameron (1903–1920)[36]
Campbell (1918–1919)[31]
Canda (1900–1902)[31]
Cannon (1902–1906)
Cantono Electric (1904–1907)[31]
Car de Luxe (1906–1910)
Carbon Motors Corporation (2003–2013)
Cardway (1923–1924)[31]
Carhart (1871)[31]
Carhartt Automobile Company (1910–1912)
Carlson (1904)[31]
Carrol[31] [when?
Carroll (1908)[31] Carrol
Carroll Six (1921–1922)
Carter Twin-Engine (1907–1908)
Cartercar (1905–1916)
Carthage (1914–1915)[31]
Case (1911–1927)[37]
C.B (1917–1918)[31]
Ceco (1914–1915)[38]
Centaur (1902–1903)[31]
Central (1905–1906)[31]
Century (1900–1903)[31]
Century Motor Company (1911–1915)[31]
Century Steamer (1906)[30]
Cornish-Friedberg Motor Car Co (1907–1909)
Chadwick Engineering Works (1904–1916, 1960)[31]
Chalfant (1905–1912)[31]
Chalmers-Detroit (1908–1914) Chalmers in 1911
Champion (1916)[31]
Chandler (1913–1929)
Chapman Electric (1899–1901)[31]
Charles Abresch Company (1899–circa 1965)
Chase (1907–1912)[31]
Checker Motors Corporation (1922–1982)
Chelsea (1914)[31]
Chicago (1902)[39]
Chicago Electric (1899–1901)[31]
Chicago Motor Buggy (1908)
Chicago Recording Scale Co (1906–1907) Apollo model
Chicago Steam Car (1905–1907)[31]
Chief (1908)[12]
Christie (1904–1910)[31]
Christman (1901–1905, 1907)[31]
Church-Field (1912–1913)
Church Manufacturing Co (1903–1904) Lenawee model
Cincinnati Steamer (1903–1904)[30]
CinO (1910–1913)[31]
Citicar (1974–1976)
Clark (1901)[30]
Clark Electric (1903–1905)[31]
Clark & Company (1903–1904)[40] Clarkmobile model
Classic (1916–1917, 1920)[31]
Cleburne[31] [when?
Clénet Coachworks (1975–1980)
Clermont[30] [when?
Cleveland (1902–1904)[2]
Cleveland (1905–1909)
Cleveland (1914)[2]
Cleveland (1919–1926)[2]
Climber (1919–1924)[41]
Clinton E. Woods Electric (1897–1901)[42]
Clipper (1956)[43] [44]
Clough Steamer (1869)[42]
Cloughley (1896–1903)[31]
Club Car (1910–1911)[31]
Clyde Special[31] [when?
Clymer (1908)[33]
Coates-Goshen (1908–1910)
Coats Steam Car (1921–1923)
Coda (2009–2013)
Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company (1913–1917)
Coggswell (1910–1911)[31]
Colburn (1906–1911)[45]
ColbyDenver (1911–1914)[31]
Cole Motor Car Company (1909–1925)[46]
Colonial Motors Corporation (1921–1922)[31]
Colonial Electric Car Company (1912)
Colt (1907)[47]
Columbia (1897–1913)
Columbian Electric[31] [when?
Columbia Motors (1916–1924)[31]
Columbian Electric (1914–1917)[31]
Columbus Buggy Company (1907–1908)[31]
Columbus Electric (1903–1915)[48]
Comet (1917–1922)[31]
Comet (1946–1951)[5]
Commerce (1907–1908)[31]
Commercial Motor Truck Company[49] [when?
Commodore Motors Corporation (1921–1922)[31]
Commonwealth (1917–1922)[31]
Commuter Cars (1998)
Comuta-Car (1979–1982)[50]
Conrad (1900–1903)[30]
Continental (1907–1908)
Continental (1914)[51]
Continental (1933–1934)[31]
Continental (1956–1957)
Corbin (1904–1912)
Corbin (1999–2003)
Corbitt (1907–1914)[31]
Cord (1929–1932,1936–1937)
Corinthian (1922–1923)[31]
Cornelian (1914–1915)[31]
Cornish-Friedberg[31] [when?
Correja (1909–1914)
Corwin (1905–1906)[52] Gas-au-lec model
Cosmopolitan (1907–1910)[31] Nash Cosmopolitan
Cotta Steam (1901–1903)[30]
Country Club (1903–1904)[31]
Courier (1904–1905)
Courier (1909–1911)[31]
Courier Car Co (1912)
Covert (1902–1907)
Coyote Special (1909–1910)
C.R. Patterson and Sons (1915–1939), maker of the Patterson-Greenfield automobile and later buses and trucks.[53]
Craig-Toledo (1907)[31]
Crane (1912–1920)[31] Crane-Simplex in 1915
Crane & Breed (1912–1917)
Crawford (1904–1923)
Crescent (1913–1914)[31]
Crestmobile (1901–1905)
Cricket Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
Criterion[31] [when?
Crompton (1902–1905)[30]
Crosley (1939–1952)
Crouch (1894–1900)[30]
Crow-Elkhart (1911–1923)[54]
Crowdus Electric (1899–1902)[31]
Crown (1905–1907)[31]
Crowther (1915–1917)[31]
Croxton-Keeton (1909–1914)[55]
Cruiser (1917–1919)[31]
Culver (1905)[31]
Cunningham (1907–1936)[31]
Cunningham Sports Cars (1951–1955)[5]
Clark-Carter Automobile Co (1909–1913) Cutting Motor Car Company in 1911; defunct c. 1912; last model year 1913.
C.V.I. Motor Car Co (1907–1908)[31]
Dagmar (1922–1927)
Dale (1974)
Daniels (1916–1924)[56]
Dan Patch (1910–1911)[57]
Darby Motor Car Company (1909–1910)[58]
Darling (1901–1902)[59]
Darrin (1946, 1955–1958)[5]
Davenport (1902)[12]
Davis (1908–1929)
Davis Cyclecar Company (1914)
Davis (1947–1949)[5]
Davis Steam Car (1921)[60]
Davis Totem (1921–1922)
Dawson (1904)[31]
Dawson Auto-Mobile (1899–1901)[61]
Day Automobile Company (1911–1914)
Dayton (1914)
Dayton Electric (1911–1915)[62]
Deal (1905–1911)[63]
Decatur (1910–1911)[64]
Decatur (1914–1915)[65]
Decker (1902–1903)[31]
Deere-Clark (1906; Deere 1907)[66]
Deering Magnetic (1918–1919)[31]
Defiance Motor Truck (1915–1920)/>
De La Vergne (1895–1896)
Delling (1924–1927)[30]
Delmore (1921–1923)[31]
DeLorean Motor Company (1975–1982)
De Luxe Motor Car Company (1906–1908)
De Mars Electric (1905–1906; Blakeslee Electric 1906; Williams Electric 1906–1907; Byrider Electric 1907–1910)[2]
DeMot or DeMotCar (1910–1911)[31]
De Motte (1904)
Denneed (1916)[2]
Derain (1908–1911)[67]
Desberon (1901–1904)[31]
De Schaum (1908–1909)
Des Moines (1902)
De Soto Motor Car Company (1913–1914)[68]
DeSoto (1928–1961)[69]
De Tamble (1908–1913)[31]
Detroit Automobile Company (1899–1901)
Detroit Automobile Manufacturing Company (1905)[53]
Detroit Auto Vehicle Company (1904–1908)
Detroit Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
Detroit-Dearborn Motor Car Company (1910–1911)
Detroit Electric (1907–1939)
Detroiter (1912–1917)[31]
Detroit-Oxford Motor Car Company (1905–1906)
Detroit-Speedster (1913–1914; Saginaw Speedster 1914)[31]
Detroit Steam Motors Corporation (1922)
De Vaux-Hall Motors Company (1931–1932; Continental-De Vaux 1932)
De Vaux Continental (1932–1934)
DeWitt (1909–1910)
Dewabout (1900–1901)[31]
Dey Electric (1917–1919)[31]
Dey Griswold (1895–1898)[70]
Diamond (1914–1915)[71]
Diamond T (1905–1967)
Diana (1925–1928)
Dile (1914–1917)
Dingfelder Motor Company (1903)
Disbrow (1917–1918)[2]
Dispatch (1910)[31]
Dixie (1908–1910)[72]
Dixie (1916)[31]
Dixie Flyer (1916–1923)[31]
Doble steam car (1914–1918, 1922–1931)
Dodge (A.M.) Company (1914–1915)
Dodgeson Motors (1926)
DODO (1912)[18]
Dolson (J.L.) & Sons (1904–1907)
Dorris Motors Corporation (1906–1926)
Dort Motor Car Company (1915–1924)
Douglas (1918–1919)[31]
Downing Motor Company (1913–1915)[2]
Dragon Automobile Company (1906–1908)
Drake (1921–1922)[31]
Drexel (1916–1917)[31]
Driggs-Seabury (1915; Driggs 1921–1923)[31]
Drummond (1916–1917)[31]
Dual-Ghia (1956–1958)[5]
Duck (Jackson model)[73]
Dudly Tool Company (1913–1915)[31]
Dudgeon Steam (1857, 1866)[30]
Duer (1907–1910)[31]
Duesenberg (1920–1937)
Dumont[74] [when?
Dunn (1916–1918)[31]
Duplex (1908–1909)[31]
Du Pont (1919–1931)
Duquesne (1904–1906)[31]
Durant Motors (1921–1931)
Durocar (1906–1911)[31]
Duryea (1893–1917)
Dyke (or St Louis) (1899–1901; Dyke-Britton 1904)[75]
Dymaxion (1933)[76]
Eagle (1988–1998)
Eagle Electric (1915–1916)[31]
Eagle Rotary (1914–1915; Eagle-Macomber 1916–1918)[31]
Earl Motors Incorporated (1907–1908)[77]
Earl (1921–1923)
Eastman (1898–1900)[30]
Eastman (1901–1902)[78]
Eaton Electric (1898–1900)[79]
Eck[31] [when?
Eclipse Steam (1900–1903)[30]
Economy (1916–1919; Economy-Vogue 1920; Vogue 1921–1922)[31]
Eddy Electric (1900–1901)[31]
Edsel (1958–1960)
Edwards-Knight (1912–1913)[31]
Edwards (1954–1955)[5]
E.H.V. (see Compound )[31]
Eichstaedt (1898–1902)[31]
Eisenhuth (1904–1908)
Elberg[80]
Elberon (Columbia model)[30]
Elbert (1914–1915)[31]
Elcar (1915–1931)
Elco (1915–1917)[81]
Eldredge (1903–1906)
Electra (1914–1915)[31]
Electric Vehicle (1897–1907)
Electronomic[31]
Elgin (1916–1924)[31]
Elite[82] [when?
Elite (1901–1902)[30]
Elkhart (see Crow-Elkhart or Komet )[83]
Elliott (1897–1899)[83]
Ellis[83]
Ellsworth (1907)[83]
Elmore (1893–1912)
El Morocco (1956–1957)[5]
Emancipator (1909)[83]
Emerson (1917)[84]
E-M-F (1909–1912)[83]
Empire (1901–1902)
Empire (1910–1919)
Empire Steam Car (1925–1927)
Empire Steamer (1899–1902)
Empire Steamer (1904)
Endurance Steam Car (1922–1924)
Enger (1909–1917)[85]
Engler (W.B.) Cyclecar Company (1914–1915)
Entz (1914)[83]
Erie (1899–1902)[86]
Erskine (1927–1930)[83]
Eshelman (1953–1961)
Essex (1906)[30]
Essex Motor Company (1919–1932)
Etnyre (1910–1911)
Euclid (1908)[2]
Eureka (1900)
Eureka (1907–1909)
Evansville[83]
Everitt (1909–1912)
Everybody's (1907–1909)[83]
Ewing (1908–1910)[87]
Excalibur (1965–1997)
Excel (1914)
Fal-Car (1909–1914)[88]
Falcon Engineering Company (1907–1909)[83] Ford Falcon
Falcon-Knight (1927–1929)[83]
Famous (1908–1909)[83]
Fanning (1901–1903)[83]
Farmack (1915–1916)[83]
Farner (1922–1923)[83]
Faulkner-Blanchard (1910)
Federal (1907–1909)[83]
Federal Steam (1901–1902)[30]
Fenton (1913–1914)[83]
Ferris (1920–1922)[2]
Fey Touring (1897–1906)[89] [90]
Fiberfab (1964–1983)
Fidelia (1913–1914)[2]
Field (1886, 1905)[30]
Fina-Sport (1953–1954)
Firestone-Columbus (1909–1915)[83]
Fischer-Detroit (1914)
Fisher (1901–1905)[83]
Fisker Automotive (2007–2014)
Flagler (1914)[91]
Flanders 20 (1910–1912)[83]
Flanders Manufacturing Company (1912–1914)[92]
Flanders (1913)
Flexbi (1904)[83]
Flint (1923–1927)[83]
Flyer Motor Car Company (1913–1914)
Forest (1905–1906) Organized in Boston.[93]
Forest City[47] [93] city nickname .[93]
Forsyth (circa 1896) Franklin, Minnesota; only a prototype built.[93]
Forth (1905)[94]
Forth (1910–1911)[95]
Fort Pitt[83] [96]
Foster (1889,1901–1904)[30]
Fostoria (1906–1907)[83]
Fournier-Searchmont[97]
Fox (1921–1923)[83]
Franklin (1902–1934)
Frayer-Miller (1904–1910)[83]
Frazer (1946–1951)
Frederickson (1914)[83]
Fredonia (1902–1904)
Fremont (1920–1922)[83]
Friedman Automobile Company (1900–1903)[98]
Friend Motors Corporation (1920–1921)
Fritchle Electric (1905–1920)[83]
Frontenac (1906–1913)
Frontenac Motor Corporation (1921–1925)[83]
Frontmobile (1917–1918)[83]
F.R.P. (1914–1916)[83]
F.S. (1911–1912)[83] [99]
Fuller (1908–1910)[83]
F.W.D. (1910–1912)[37]
Gaeth (1902–1911)
Gale (1905–1907)[101]
Galloway (1908–1911)[102]
Gardner (1920–1931)
Garford (1908, 1911–1913)[83]
Gas-au-lec (1905–1906)
Gaslight (1960–circa 1961)
Gasmobile (1899–1902)
Gaylord Motor Car Company (1911–1913)
Gaylord (1955–1956)
Gearless (1907–1909)[103]
Gearless Steamer[30] [when?
Gem Motor Car Company (1917–1919)
General (1902–1904)[100]
General Electric (1891–1898, 1902–1903)[104]
General Electric (1898–1900)[105]
General Motors Corporation (1908–2009)
Geneva (1901–1904)[106]
German-American (1902–1903)[83]
Geo (1989–1997)
Geronimo (1917–1920)[83]
Ghent (1916–1918)[83]
Gillette (1916)[83]
Gillig (1890)
G.J.G. (1909–1914)
Glasspar (1949–1953)[107]
Gleason (1909–1913)[83]
Glide (1903–1920)[83]
Globe Four (1921–1922)[2]
Glover (1920–1921)[83]
Golden Eagle (1906)[108]
Graham-Paige (1928–1930; Graham 1930–1941)
Gramm (1902)[83]
Granite Falls[83] [when?
Grant (1913–1922)[109]
Graves & Condon (1908–1910))[83]
Gray Motor Corporation (1922–1926)
Gray Light Car (1920)
Great Eagle (1910–1918)
Great Southern (1910–1914)
Great Western (1910–1916)[33]
Greenleaf Cycle Company (1902)
Gregory (1920–1922)[83]
Greyhound (1914–1916)[12]
Grinnell Electric Car Company (1910–1915)
Griswold Motor Car Company (1907)
Grout (1900–1912)[110]
Gurley (1899–1901)[83]
G.V (1907)[111]
Gyroscope (1908–1909)
Hackett Motor Car Company (1916–1919)
H.A.L. (1916–1918)[2]
Hall (1903–1904)[83]
Hall (1914–1915)
Halladay (1905–1922)[112]
Hamilton (1917)[83]
Hamlin-Holmes (1919–1929; Hamlin 1930)[83]
Hammer-Sommer (1902–1906) Hammer Motor Company for 1905–1906
Handley Motors Incorporated (1921–1923; Handley 1923)[83]
Hanger (1916)[113]
Hanover (1921–1927)[83]
Hanson (1918–1925)[83]
Harding (1916–1917)[114]
Hardy[83] [when?
Harper (1907–1908)[83]
Harrie (1925)[83]
Harris (1910)[83]
Harrison Wagon Company (1905–1907; Harrison Motor Car Company 1907)
Harroun Motor Sales Corporation (1917–1922)
Harry S. Houpt Manufacturing Company: (See Houpt (1909); The "New Departure Manufacturing Company" (Bristol, Connecticut )[115] German Wikipedia [116]
Hartley (1895–1899)[30]
Hartman (1914–1918)[83]
Harvard (1915–1921)[117]
Harwood-Barley (1911–1915)[118]
Hasbrouck (1900–1902)[83]
Hatfield (1907–1908)[119]
Hatfield (1916–1924)[120]
Havers Motor Car Company (1908–1914)
Hawk Cyclecar Company (1914)
Hawkins Cyclecar (1914)[121] Xenia model
Hawley (1906–1908)[83]
Hay-Berg (1907–1908)[122]
Haydock[83] [when?
Haynes-Apperson (1896–1905; Haynes 1904–1925)
Hayward (1913)[83]
H.C.S. (1920–1925)[83]
Healey (circa 1905–circa 1916)[83]
Heine-Velox (1903–1908, 1921–1923)
Hendel (1903–1904)[83]
Henderson (1912–1914)[123]
Henney (1921–1931)[83]
Henney (1960–1964)
Henry Motor Car Company (1910–1912)
Henry J (1951–1954)
Hercules (1914–1915)[83]
Herff-Brooks (1915–1916)
Herreshoff Motor Company (1909–1914)
Hertel (1895–1900)[83]
Hertz (1924–1927)[83]
Heseltine (1916–1917)[83]
Hewitt (1906–1907)[124]
Hewitt-Lindstrom (1900–1901)
Heymann (1898–1907)[83]
Hidley Steam Car (1901)
Highlander (1919–1922)[83]
Hill (1904–1908)[83]
Hines (1908–1910)[83]
Hitchcock Motor Car Company (1909)
Hobbie Accessible (1908–1909)
Hoffman (1901–1904)[125]
Hoffman (1931)
Holden (1915)[126]
Holland (1902–1903)[30]
Holley (1900–1904)
Hollier (1915–1921)
Holly Six (1913–1915)[127]
Holmes (1906–1907)[84]
Holsman (1901–1911)
Hol-Tan (1908)
Holyoke (1899–1903)[128]
Homer Laughlin (1916)[83]
Hoosier Scout (1914)[83]
Hoover (1913–1914)
Hoskins (1920)[83]
Houpt (1909; Houpt-Rockwell 1910)[83]
House Steamer (1867)[129]
Howard (1895–1903)[128]
Howey (1907–1908)[83]
Hudson Motor Car Company (1909–1957)
Huffman (1919–1925)
Hupp Motor Car Company (1909–1940)
Hupp-Yeats Electric Car Company (1911–1919)
Huron River Manufacturing Company (1911–1912)
Hydromotor Car Manufacturing Company (1914–1917)[83]
Illinois Electric (1897–1901)[130]
Imp (1913–1914)[83]
Imperial Motor Car Company (1907–1908)
Imperial Automobile Company (1908–1916)[83] [131]
Imperial (1955–1975, 1981–1983)
Imperial Electric (1903–1904)[83]
Independent Harvester (1910–1911)[83]
Indiana (1901)[12]
Indianapolis (see Black )[83]
International (1899) (see Strathmore )[132]
International (1899)[133]
International (1900)[134]
International Cyclecar Company (1914)[31]
International Motor Cars (Apollo ; 1962–1964)
International Power Company (1900)[133]
International (1901–1903)[135]
International Cyclecar Company (1914)[136]
International Harvester (1907–1980)
Inter-State (1909–1919)[83]
Iroquois (1903–1907)[18]
Jacquet Motor Corporation (1921)
Jaeger Motor Car Company (1932–1933)
James (1909–1911)[83]
Janney Motor Company (1906)
Jarvis-Huntington (1912)[83]
Jaxon Steam (1903)[137]
Jeffery (1902–1917)
Jenkins (1907–1912)[83]
Jersey City Machine Co. (1919–1920) Argonne model
Jewell (1906–1907; Jewel 1908–1909)[83]
Jewett (1922–1927)
Johnson (1905–1912)[138]
Jones (1914–1920)[139]
Jones-Corbin (1903–1907)[139]
Jonz (1909–1912)[139]
Jordan (1916–1931)
J.P.L. Cyclecar Company (1913)[140]
Julian (1918, 1925)[139]
Junior R (1924)
Kalamazoo (1908–1914)[139] Michigan model
Kane-Pennington [139] [when?
Kansas City (1906–1908; Kansas City Wonder 1909)[141]
Kato (1907–1913)[139]
Kauffman (1909–1912)[139]
K-D (1912–1913)[139]
Kearns (1909–1916)[139]
Keene Steamobile (1900–1901)[30]
Keeton Motor Company (1912–1914)[142]
Keller (1948–1950)[5]
Kelsey (1897–1902, 1920–1924)[143]
Kenmore (1910–1912)[139]
Kensington (1899–1904)[30]
Kent (1916–1917)[139]
Kent's Pacemaker (1900)
Kenworthy (1920–1921)[139]
Kermath Motor Car Company (1907–1908)
Kessler Motor Company (1920–1921; Kess-Line 8 1922)
Keystone (1899–1900)
Keystone (1900)[144]
Keystone (1914–1915)
Kiblinger (1907–1909)[139]
Kidder (1899–1903)[30]
Kimball Electric (1910–1912)[139]
King (1896, 1911–1923)[12]
King Midget (1947–1970)[145]
King-Remick (1910)
Kinner[146] [when?
Kirk (1901–1905)[147] Yale model
Kissel (1906–1930)
Kleiber (1924–1929)[139] [148]
Kline Kar (1910–1923)[139]
Klink (1907–1910)[139]
Klock (1900–1901)[139]
Knickerbocker (1901–1903)[139]
Knox (1900–1914)
Koehler (1910–1912)[139]
Komet (1911)
Konigslow[139] [when?
Koppin Motor Company (1914)
Krastin Automobile Company (1901–1904), based in Cleveland[149] Krastin Gasoline Automobile (1901)
K-R-I-T Motor Car Company (1909–1915)
Krueger (1905–1906)[139]
Kunz (1902–1905)[150]
Kurtis (1949–1950, 1954–1955)
Kurtz-Automatic (1920–1925)[149]
Lad's Car (1912–1914)
LaFayette (1919–1924)[139]
La Marne (1919–1921)[149]
Lambert (1906–1917)
Lancamobile (1900–1901)[139]
Lane (1900–1911)[137]
Lanpher (1906–1916)[139]
Lansden Electric (1901–1903, 1906–1910)[151]
La Petite (1905)[139] [when?
LaSalle (1927–1940)
La Salle-Niagara (1905–1906)[152]
Laurel (1916–1920)[139]
Lauth (1905; Lauth-Juergens 1908–1909)[139]
L. C. Erbes (1915–1916)[139]
L & E (1924–1934)[139]
Leach (1899–1901)[129]
Leach (1920–1923; Leach-Biltwell))[139]
Leader (1905–1912)[139]
Lende (1902–1909)[139]
Lenox (1911–1917)[139]
Lenox Electric[139] [when?
Leon Rubay (1923)[149]
Lescina (1916)[139]
Lewis (1914–1916)[153]
Lewis Motocycle (1895)[154] [155]
Lexington (1909–1927)
Liberty Motor Car Company (1916–1924)
Light Steamer (1901–1902)[156] [157]
Light Motor Car Company (1914)
Lincoln (1912–1913)[158] Sears Roebuck )
Lincoln Motor Car Company (1914)
Lindsley (1908–1909)[139]
Lion Motor Car Company (1909–1912)
Liquid Air (1899–1902)
Lit Motors (2010)
Little Motor Car Company (1911–1913)
Little Detroit Speedster (1913–1914)
Littlemac (1930–1932)[139]
Local Motors (2007–2022)
Locke[30] [when?
Locomobile (1899–1929)
Logan (1904–1908)[139] [159]
Logan (1903–1908)
Logan (cyclecars; 1914)[160]
Lone Star (1919–1922)
Longest (1906)[139]
Loomis (1900–1904)[30]
Lordstown Motors (2018–2023)
Lorraine (1920–1922)[139]
Los Angeles (1914)[139]
Lowell-American (1908–1909)[139]
Lozier Motor Company (1900–1918)[161]
L.P.C.[139]
LuLu (1914–1915)
Luverne (1904–1917)
Lyman (1904)[139]
Lyman & Burnham (1903–1905)[139]
Lyons-Knight (1913–1915)[30]
Mackle-Thompson (1903)[139]
Macomber (1913)[139]
Macon (1915–1917)[139]
Madison (1915–1919)[139]
Magic[139] [when?
Mahoning (1904–1905)[139]
Maibohm (1916–1922)[139]
Malcolm (1900)[139]
Malcolm Jones (or Malcolm) (1914–1915)
Malden Steam (1898, 1902)[162]
Manexall (1920)[139]
Manistee Motor Car Company (1910–1913)[139] Autoette model
Marathon (1906–1914)
Marble-Swift (1903–1905)
Marion (1901)
Marion (1904–1915; Marion-Handley 1916–1918)
Marion Flyer (1910)
Marmon (1902–1933)
Marlboro (1900–1903)[139]
Marquette (1912)[163]
Marquette (1930)
Marr (1903–1904)
Marsh (1920–1923)[164]
Martin (1898–1900)[139]
Martin Wasp [139] [when?
Marvel Motor Car Company (1907)
Maryland (1907–1910)
Maryland Steamer (1900–1901)
Mason (1898–1899)[30]
Mason (1906–1914)[165]
Massillon (1909)[139]
Master (1907)[113]
Matheson Motor Car Company (1903–1912)
Maxim Motor Tricycle (1895; Maxim-Goodridge Electric 1908)[139]
Maxwell-Briscoe (1904–1913; Maxwell Motor Company 1913–1925)
Mayer (1899–1901)[139]
Mayfair (1925)[139]
Maytag-Mason (1910–1911)[166]
McCue (1909–1911)[167]
McCurdy (1922)[139]
McFarlan (1909–1928)
McGill (1917)[139]
McIntyre (1909–1915)[139]
McKay Steamer (1899–1902)[30]
Mecca (1915–1916)[139]
Med-Bow[139] [when?
Media (1899–1900)[139]
Mel Special (1918–1924)[139]
Menominee Electric Manufacturing Company (1915)
Mercer (1909–1919)
Mercury Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)[139]
Mercury (1939–2011)
Merit Motor Company (1921–1922)[149]
Merkel (1905–1907)[168]
Merkur (1985–1989)
Merz (1914)[139]
Meteor (1904–1905)[169]
Metropol (1913–1914)[139]
Metropolitan (1922–1923)[170]
Metz (1909–1921)[171]
Metzger (see Everitt )[139]
Michigan Automobile Company (1901)[172]
Michigan Automobile Company (1902)[42] Clipper Automobile Company
Michigan Automobile Company (1903–1908)
Michigan Buggy Company (1908–1914)
Michigan Steamer (1901)[172]
Middleby (1909–1913)[139]
Midland (1908–1913)[173]
Midwest[139] [when?
Mier (1908–1909)[139]
Milac (1916)[139]
Milburn Electric (1915–1923)[139]
Miller Car Company (1911–1914)
Mills (1876)[30]
Milwaukee Steamer (1900–1902)[162]
Minneapolis[139] [when?
Mino (1914)[139]
Mitchell (1903–1923)[174]
Mitchell-Lewis (see Mitchell )[139]
Mobile (1900–1903)[162]
Model (1903–1907)[175]
Modoc (1912–1914)[139]
Mohawk (1903–1905)[139]
Moline[176]
Moline (1904–1913; Moline-Knight 1914–1919)
Moller (1920–1922)[139]
Monarch Motor Car Company (1914–1917)
Mondex-Magic (1914–1915)[139]
Monitor (1915–1922)[139]
Monroe Motor Company (1914–1923)[12]
Moon (1905–1930)
Mora Motor Car Company (1906–1911)[2]
Morgan (1900–1902)[177]
Morris & Salom (1895–1897)
Morriss-London (1919–1923)[139]
Morse (1902)[178]
Motor Bob (1914)
Motorcar Company (1905–1907; Cartercar 1905–1915)
Motorette (1911–1914)[139]
Moyea (1903–1904)[139]
Moyer (1911–1915)[139]
Mount Pleasant Motor Company (MPM) (1914–1915)[139]
Mutual Motors Company (1916–1919)
Mueller (1896–1899; also Mueller-Benz)[179]
Multiplex (1912–1913)[139]
Muncie[139] [when?
Muntz (1950–1954)[180]
Murdaugh (1901–1903)[139]
Murray Motor Car Company (1916–1921; Murray-Mac 1921–1929)[139]
Napier Motor Car Company of America (1904–1912)
Napoleon (1916–1919)[181]
Nash Motors (1917–1957)
Nash-Healey (1951–1954)
National (1900–1924)
Nelson (E.A.) Motor Car Company (1917–1921)[139]
Neustadt-Perry (1901–1908, 1915)[139]
New England Steamer (1898–1899)[162]
New Era (1901–1902)[139]
New Era (1916)
New Era (1933–1934)[182]
New Home (1899–1901)[139]
New York Car & Truck Company (1907–1910) Allen Kingston model
Niagara (1903–1905)[183]
Nichols Shepard (1910–1911)[139]
Nielson Motor Car Company (1906–1907)[184]
Noble (1902)[149]
Noma (1919–1923)[139]
Northern Manufacturing Company (1902–1908)[185]
Northway (1921–1922)[139] [160]
Northwestern[139] Logan models
Norton (1901–1902)[185] [186]
Norwalk Underslung (1910–1922)[139] [187]
Nu-Klea Automobile Corporation (1959–1960)
Nyberg (1911–1913)[185]
Oakman-Hertel (1899–1900)[53]
Ogren (1915–1917, 1919–1923)[188]
Ohio (1900–1902) (see Packard )[189]
Ohio (1909–1912)
Ohio Electric Car Company (1910–1918)[190]
Ohio Falls[53] [when?
Okey (1896–1907)[53]
Oldsmobile (1897–2004)
Olympian Motors Company (1917–1921)
Omaha (1899)[53]
Omar (see Browniekar )[53]
Only (1909–1913)[53]
Orient (1899–1908)
Orlo (1904)
Ormond Steamer (1904–1905)[162]
Orr (1915)
Orson (1910–1912)[53]
Otto (1910–1911; Ottomobile 1912)[53]
Otto-Kar (1902–1904)[191]
Otto-mobile (1899)[53]
Overholt[162] [when?
Overland (1903–1926, 1939)
O-We-Go (1914)
Owen (1899–1901)[192]
Owen Motor Car Company (1910–1911)
Owen Magnetic (1915–1922)
Owen Schoeneck[53] [when?
Owen Thomas (1908–1910)[53]
Oxford (1900)[162]
Pacific Motor Vehicle Company (1900–1904)[53]
Packard (1895–1898)[193]
Packard Motor Car Company (1899–1958)
Paige-Detroit (1908–1911; Paige 1911–1928; Graham-Paige 1928–1930)
Palmer (1905–1906)[149]
Palmer-Singer (1908–1914)[53]
Pan (1919–1921)[53]
Panam (1902–1903)[53]
Pan-American (1917–1922)[53]
Paragon (1906)
Parenti (1920–1922)[53]
Parry (1910; New Parry 1911–1912)[194]
Parsons Electric (1905–1906)[149]
Partin (1913; Partin-Palmer 1913–1917)[195]
Paterson (W. A.) Company (1909–1923)
Pathfinder (1912–1917)[53]
Pawtucket (1901–1902)[162]
Payne-Modern (1907–1908)[53]
Peerless (1900–1933)
Peerless Steam (1901)[196]
Pence Automobile Company (circa 1905)[197]
Penn (1901)[198]
Penn (1908)[198]
Penn (1910–1913)[198]
Pennant (1924–1925)
Pennington (1894–1900)[199]
Pennsy (1916–1918)[53]
Pennsylvania (1907–1911)[12]
People's (1900–1902)[200]
Perfection (1907–1908)[53]
Perfex (1912–1913)[53]
Peter Pan (1914–1915)[73]
Petrel (1909–1912)[201]
Phelps (1903–1905)
Phianna (1917–1922)[53]
Phillips (1980–198?)[202]
Phipps-Grinnell (1911; Phipps Electric 1912)[53]
Pickard (1909–1912)[53]
Piedmont (1917–1922)
Pierce-Arrow (1900–1938)
Pierce-Racine (1904–1911)[150]
Piggins (1908–1910)
Pilgrim (1911)
Pilgrim Motor Car Company (1915–1918)
Pilliod (1915–1916)[53]
Pilot (1909–1924)[53]
Pioneer (1907–1912)[53]
Planche[53] [when?
Plass (1897)
Playboy (1947–1951)
Plymouth (1910)[53]
Plymouth (1928–2001)[53]
Pneumobile (1914–1915)[53]
Pomeroy (1920–1924)[191]
Ponder (1923)[53] Bour-Davis
Pontiac Spring and Wagon Works (1907–1908)[203]
Pontiac (1926–2010)
Pope-Hartford (1904–1914)[53]
Pope-Robinson (1903–1904)
Pope-Toledo (1903–1909)
Pope-Tribune (1904–1908)[53]
Pope-Waverley (1903–1908)
Port Huron[53] [when? Havers model
Porter (1900–1901)[204]
Porter (1919–1922)[205]
Portland (1914)[53]
Postal (1906–1908)[53]
Powell (1930s–1960s)
Powell (1955–1956)[206]
Powercar (1909–1911)[53]
Pratt-Elkhart (1909–1911; Pratt 1911–1915)[53]
Premier (1902–1926)
Premocar (1920–1923)[53]
Prescott (1901–1905)[162]
Primo (1910–1912)[53]
Princess Motor Car Company (1914–1918)[53]
Princess Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
Prospect (1902, 1907–1908)[53]
Pullman (1905–1917)[12]
Pungs Finch (1904–1910)
Puritan (1902–1905)[30]
Quick (1899–1900)
Quinby (1899)
Rainier (1905–1911)[53]
Raleigh (1921–1922)[53]
Rambler (1900–1914)
Rambler (1958–1969)
Randall (1902–1903)[53]
Ranger (1907–1910)[207]
Rapid Motor Vehicle Company (1902–1909)[53]
Rauch & Lang (1905–1932)[53] [208]
Rayfield (1911–1915)
R.C.H (1912–1915)[53]
Read Motor Company (1913–1914)[209]
Reading (1910–1913)[210]
Reading Steamer (1901–1903)[30]
Real Cyclecar (1914; Real Light Car 1914–1915)[53]
Reber (1902–1903)
Red Bug (1924–1930)[211]
Red Jacket (1904–1905)[53]
Rees (1921)[53]
Reeves (1896–1898, 1905–1912)[212]
Regal Motor Car Company (1908–1918)[53]
Regas (1903–1905)[53]
Reliable Dayton (1906–1909)[53]
Reliance Automobile Manufacturing Co (1904–1906)[53]
Remington (1895, 1900–1904)[213]
REO Motor Car Company (1905–1975)
Renaissance Cars Inc (1994–1997)[214]
Republic (1910–1916)[53]
ReVere (1918–1926)[53]
Rex Motor Co (1914)[53]
RiChard (1914–1919)[191]
Richelieu (1922–1923)[53]
Richmond (1902–1903)
Richmond (1904–1917)[53]
Rickenbacker Motor Company (1922–1927)
Ricketts Automobile Co (1909–1911)[53]
Riddle (1916–1926)[53]
Rider-Lewis (1908–1911)[53]
Riker Electric (1897–1902)[53]
Ritz (1914–1915)[53]
Riviera (1907)[53]
R-O[53] [when?
Roader (1911–1912)[53]
Roamer (1916–1929)[53]
Robe (1914–1915)[18]
Robie Motor Car Co (1914)
Robinson (1900–1902)[53]
Robson (1909)[53]
Rochester (1901)[215]
Rock Falls (1919–1925)[53]
Rockne (1932–1933)[53]
Rockway (1910–1911)[53]
Rockwell (1910–1911)[53]
Rodgers (1921)[53]
Roebling-Planche (1909)[53]
Rogers (1899–1900)[216] Steamobile model
Rogers Motor Car Co (1911–1912)[217]
Rogers & Hanford (1899–1902)[149]
Rollin (1924–1927)[149]
Rolls-Royce (1921–1935)[53] [218]
Roosevelt (1929–1930)
Roper (1860–1896)[53]
Ross Steamer (1905–1909)
Ross (1915–1918)
Rotary (1921–1923)[53]
Royal Motor Company (1904–1911)[149]
Rubay[53] [when?
Rugby (1920s)
Rushmobile[53] [when?
Russell (1903–1904)[149]
Rutenber (1902)
Ruxton (1929–1930)
R&V Knight (1920–1924)[53]
Saginaw Eight (1916)[219]
Salisbury (1895)[154] [220]
Salter (1909–1915)[53]
Salvador (1914; S-J-R 1915–1916)[53]
Sampson (1904, 1911)
Sandusky (1902–1904)[53]
Santos Dumont (1902–1904)[221]
Saturn (1991–2010)
Saxon Motor Car Company (1913–1923)
Sayers (1917–1924)[53]
Schacht (1904–1913)
Schaum (1901–1905)[53]
Schoening (1895)[154] [222]
Scott (1900–1901, 1903)[53]
Scott-Newcomb (1920–1921)[30] Standard Steam Car model
Scripps-Booth Corporation (1913–1923)
Searchmont (1900–1903)[97]
Sears (1905–1915)[223]
Sebring (1910–1912)[224]
Sekine (1923)[53]
Selden (1907–1914)
Sellers (1909–1912)[53]
Senator (1912)[53]
Seneca (1917–1924)[53]
Serpentina (1915)[53]
Serrifile (1921–1922)[53]
Seven Little Buffaloes (1909)[225]
Severin (1920–1921)[53]
S.G.V. (1911–1915)[53]
Shad-Wyck (1917–1923)
Shain[53] [when?
Sharon (1915)[53]
Sharp (1908–1910)[226]
Shawmobile (1908–1930)
Shawmut (1906–1908)[53]
Shay (1979–1982)[227]
Shelby (1903)[53]
Sheridan (1920–1921)[53]
Shoemaker (1906–1908)[53]
Sibley (1910–1911)[53]
Signet (1913–1914)[53]
Silent-Knight (1905–1907)[53]
Silent Sioux[53] [when?
Silver-Knight[53] [when?
Simplex (1907–1919)[53]
Simplicity (1907–1911)[53]
Simplo (1908–1909)
Sinclair-Scott (1904–circa 1907)
Singer (1914–1920)[53]
Single Center (1906–1908)
Sintz (1899–1904)
Skelton (1920–1922)[53]
Skene (1900–1901)
Skorpion (1952–1954)[5]
S&M (1913)[53]
Small Motor Car Company (1910)
Smith Automobile Company (1902–1917)
Smith & Mabley [53] [when?
Smith Flyer (1915–1919)
Snyder (1908–1909)[53]
Sommer (1904–1905)[53]
Soules Motor Car Company (1905–1908)
Southern (1908–1909)[53]
Southern Motor Car Co (1908–1910)[228] [229]
Sovereign (1906–1907)[53]
Spacke (1919)[3]
Spaulding (1902–1903)
Spaulding (1910–1916)[3]
Speedway (1904–1905)[3]
Speedwell (1907–1914)
Spencer (1921–1922)[230]
Spencer Steamer (1862, 1901–1902)[231]
Sphinx (1914–1916)[3]
Spoerer (1908–1914)[3]
Springer (1903–1905)[3]
Springfield (1900–1901)[30]
Sprite (1914)[3]
Squier (1899)[30]
Stafford (1908–1915)[3]
Stammobile (1900–1901)[3]
Standard (1904–1908)
Standard (1912–1923)
Standard Six (1909–1910)
Standard Steel Car Company (1912–1923)[3]
Standard Electrique (1911–1915)[3]
Standard Steam Car (1920–1921)[232]
Stanley (1907–1910)[233]
Stanley Steamer (1897–1927)
Stanley Whitney (1899)[3]
Stanton (1900–1901)[30]
Stanwood (1920–1922)
Star (1908–1909)[3]
Star (1922–1928)[3]
Starin (1903–1904)[3]
States (1916–1918)[3]
Staver (1907–1914)
Steamobile (1900–1902)
Stearns (1898–1911) Stearns-Knight for 1912–1929.
Stearns Electric (1899–1903)[234]
Steco (1914)[3]
Steel Swallow (1907–1908)[3]
Stephens (1917–1924)[3]
Sterling Steamer (1901–1902)[235] [236]
Sterling (1909–1911)[237]
Sterling (1915–1916)[238]
Sterling-Knight (1920–1926)[3]
Stevens-Duryea (1901–1915,1919–1927)
Stewart-Coats (1922)
Stickney Motorette (1914)[3]
Stilson (1907–1909)[3]
St. Joe (1908)[3]
St. Louis (1899–1907)[3]
Stoddard-Dayton (1904–1913)
Storck Steamer (1901–1902)[30]
Storms Electric (1915)[3]
Stout Motor Car Company (1932–1946)
Strathmore (1899–1901)[30]
Stratton (1909)[3]
Streator (1905–1911) Halladay model.
Stringer (1899–1902)[30]
Strobel & Martin[3] [when?
Strong & Rogers Electric (1900–1901)[149]
Strouse [30] [when?
Studebaker (1902–1963)[239]
Studebaker-Garford (1903–1911)[30]
Studebaker-Packard Corporation (1954–1962)
Studillac (1953–1955)[240]
Sturges Electric[241] [when?
Sturtevant (1905–1907)[30]
Stutz (1911–1935)
Stutz (1968–1987)
Stuyvesant (1911–1912)[149]
Suburban (1911–1912)[242]
Success (1906–1909)[243]
Sultan (1908–1912)[3]
Summit (1907–1909)[244]
Sun (1916–1917, 1921–1922)
Sunset (1900–1913)[3]
Synnestvedt Electric (1904–1905)[3]
Syracuse (1899–1903)[3]
Taunton (1901–1903)[30]
Templar (1917–1924)[245]
Templeton-Dubrie (1910)[3]
Terraplane (1932–1939)
Terwilliger (1904)[30] Empire Steamer model
Texan (1920–1922)[246]
Thomas (1902–1919)[247]
Thomas-Detroit (1906–1908)[3]
Thompson (1901–1907)[30]
Thresher Electric (1900)[3]
Tiffany Electric (1913–1914)[3]
Tiger (1914–1915)[3]
Tincher (1903–1909)[248]
Tinker & Piper Steam (1899)[249]
Tinkham (1898–1899)[3]
Toledo (1901–1903)[250]
Tonawanda[3] [when?
Torbensen (1902–1906)[3]
Touraine (1912–1916)[3]
Tourist (1902–1910)[3]
Tractmobile (1900–1902)[30]
Trask-Detroit (1922–1923)[30]
Traveler (1907–1908)[3]
Trebert (1907–1908)[3]
Trimoto (1900–1901)[3]
Trinity Steamer[30] [when?
Triumph (1907–1912)[251]
Trumbull (1914–1915)[3]
Tucker (1946–1949)
Tulsa (1918–1922)[3]
Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation (1974–1978)
Twin City (1914)[3]
Twombly (1913–1915)
Twyford (1899–1902, 1904–1907)[3]
Union (1902–1905)
United (1919–1920)[3]
United States (1899–1903)[3]
United States Long Distance[3] [when?
Unito (1908–1910)[149]
Universal (1914)[3]
Upton Machine Company (1902–1903)[3]
Upton Motor Company (1905–1907)
Van Wagoner (1899–1903)
Vaughn (1909)[3]
V.E. (1901–1906)[111] [3]
Vector (1971–1999, 2006–2010)
Velie (1908–1929)
Vernon (Able 8; 1918–1921)[3]
Victor (1905–1911)[252]
Victor Page Motors Corp (1921–1924)[10] [253]
Victor Steamer (1899–1903)[30] Overman Steam (1895–1898)
Victormobile (1900–1901)[254]
Victory (1920–1921)[3]
Viking (1907–1908)[3]
Viking (1929–1931)[3]
Virginian (1911–1912)
Vixen (1914–1916)[150]
Vulcan (1913–1915)[255]
Wagenhals (1910–1915)[3]
Wahl (1913–1914)[256]
Waldron (1908–1911)[3]
Walker Motor Car Company (1905–1906)[3]
Wall (1900–1903)[3]
Walter (1902–1909)[3]
Waltham Steam (1898–1902)[162]
Waltham Manufacturing Co (1899–1910)[3]
Walworth (1904–1905)[3]
Ward (1913–1914)[257]
Ward Electric (1914–1916)[258]
Ware Steam Wagon (1861–1867)
Warren (1910–1913)[3]
Warwick (1901–1905)[3]
Washington (1921–1924)
Wasp (1919–1924)[3]
Waterloo (1903–1905)[3]
Watrous (1905)[3]
Watt (1910)[3]
Waukesha (1906–1910)[3]
Waverley Electric (1898–1903, 1909–1916)[3]
Webb Jay (1908)[30]
Weidely Motor Company (1915–1917)
Welch Motor Car Company (1901–1911)[3]
Westcott (1909–1925)
Westfield (1901–1903)[30]
W.F.S. (1911–1912)[3]
Whaley-Henriette (1898–1900)[3]
Wharton (1922–1923)[3]
Wheeler Manufacturing Company (1904)
Whippet (1927–1931)[12]
White Motor Company (1900–1918)[3]
White Star (1909–1911)[3]
Whiting Motor Car Co (1910–1912)[3] [259]
Whitmore, M.C. Co (1914) Arrow Cyclecar model
Whitney (1896–1900)[3]
Wilcox (1909–1910)[3]
Wildman (1902)[3]
Wills (C. H.) and Company (1921–1927)
Willys (1916–1918, 1930–1942, 1953–1963)
Willys-Knight (1914–1933)
Willys-Overland (1912–1953)
Wilson (1903–1905)
Windsor (1929–1930)
Wing (1922)[3]
Winther (1921–1923)[3]
Winton (1896–1924)
Wolfe (1907–1909)[3]
Wolverine (1904–1906,1927–1928)[3]
Woodill (1952–1956)
Woodruff (1902–1904)[3]
Woods Electric (1899–1916)[260] [3]
Woods Mobilette (1913–1916)[3]
Worth (J.M.) Gas Engine Manufacturing Co (1902)[261]
Worth (1906–1910)[3] [261]
Yellow (1915–1930)
Zent (1900–1902, 1904–1906)[3]
Zentmobile (1903)[3]
Zimmer Motorcars (1978–1988)
Zimmerman (1908–1915)[3]
Zip (1913–1914)[3]
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B
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D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
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W
X
Y
Z
See also [ edit ]
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p. 190.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx Clymer, p. 210.
^ Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 18
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1946–1959 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008), p. 1016.
^ "Allen Touring Car 37 Fiche Info 1916" . www.plandegraissage.org . Retrieved May 10, 2019 .
^ "The Allen Automobile & The Allen Iron & Steel Company" . american-automobiles.com . Retrieved May 10, 2019 .
^ "Flyer" . www.bessermuseum.org . Retrieved May 10, 2019 .
^ Kimes, p. 29
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz Clymer, p. 205.
^ "Another Flash In The Pan….The Shaw" . www.theoldmotor.com . July 20, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2019 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Clymer, p. 170.
^ "The American Automobile & The American Motors Corporation" . www.american-automobiles.com . Retrieved May 10, 2019 .
^ Clymer, p. 31.
^ "F.A. Ames Co., Ames Body Corp., Ames Speedster, Ames Buggy Co., Carriage Woodstock Co., Ford Model T, Ames Motor Car Co" . www.coachbuilt.com . Retrieved May 10, 2019 .
^ a b Kimes, p. 47
^ Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 19
^ a b c d e Clymer, pp. 170-171.
^ Kimes, p. 50
^ Kimes, p. 57
^ Clymer, pp. 23, 205.
^ a b c Kimes, p. 74
^ Clymer, pp. 178, 205.
^ Clymer, pp. 153, 205.
^ a b c Clymer, pp. 190, 205.
^ Clymer, pp. 38, 205.
^ Clymer, p. 193.
^ Clymer, p. 115.
^ Clymer, pp. 5, 61, 205.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb Clymer, p. 23.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz Clymer, p. 206.
^ Clymer, pp. 5, 190.
^ a b c Clymer, p. 178.
^ a b Suman-Hreblay, Marián (2000). Automobile Manufacturers Worldwide Registry ISBN 9781476611402 . Retrieved February 4, 2018 .
^ Clymer, pp. 16, 170, 206.
^ Clymer, pp. 23, 206. One of three companies by this name.
^ a b Clymer, p. 153.
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 252
^ Clymer, pp. 22, 178.
^ Clymer, pp. 25, 206.
^ Clymer, p. 178. Built in Little Rock, Arkansas .
^ a b c Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 331
^ Clipper Division, Studebaker-Packard Corp.; Packard, A History of the Motor Car and the Company (General edition), Beverly Rae Kimes , editor (1978), "Automobile Quarterly", ISBN 0-915038-11-0
^ Triumph and Tragedy: The Last Real Packards by Richard M. Langworth, in Collectible Automobile , September 1984 issue; pp. 6-25; (ISSN 0742-812X)
^ Clymer, p. 87.
^ Clymer, p. 104.
^ a b Clymer, p. 63.
^ Clymer, p. 145.
^ Clymer, p. 67.
^ "Electric car for the average Joe not far away" . Wheels.ca. September 14, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2014 .
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 357
^ Clymer, p. 158.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt Clymer, p. 209.
^ Clymer, pp. 170, 206.
^ Clymer, pp. 190, 206.
^ Clymer, pp. 158, 206. One of two companies by this name.
^ Clymer, p. 178. Named for the horse , built in Minneapolis .
^ Clymer, p. 93. Built in St. Louis, Missouri .
^ a b Clymer, pp. 5, 206.
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 403
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 403–404
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 404–405
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 405
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 405–406
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 406
^ Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from the tractor .
^ Clymer, pp. 190, 206. Built in Cleveland .
^ Clymer, p. 178. Built in Indiana. Distinct from DeSoto .
^ Clymer, p. 178. Distinct from DeSoto Motor Car Company.
^ Clymer, pp. 38, 205. Offered an electric phaeton before 1916.
^ Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from Diamond T.
^ Clymer, p. 206. Tourist was a model.
^ a b Clymer, p. 5.
^ Clymer, p. 206. By Alberto Santos-Dumont
^ Clymer, p. 206. Founder was later the author of Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia.
^ Conceived by Buckminster Fuller .
^ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin , distinct from the Michigan company.
^ Clymer, p. 190. Steam and electric cars, built in Cleveland .
^ Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Eaton's .
^ Clymer, p. 38.
^ Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Electric Launch Company .
^ Clymer, pp. 23, 207. Johnson model. Distinct from the Elite steam automobile company.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn Clymer, p. 207.
^ a b Clymer, pp. 170–171, 207.
^ Clymer, p. 104. Built in Cincinnati, Ohio .
^ Clymer, p. 207. Later Halladay or Streator, eventually Barley .
^ Clymer, p. 190. Car and truck maker, based in Cleveland .
^ Clymer, p. 104. Built in Chicago.
^ "Early American Automobiles 1904 Models" . Retrieved October 5, 2014 .
^ Scriven, Hayes (March 19, 2008). "Northfield, a town with a past" (PDF) . p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 4, 2012.
^ Clymer, p. 166.
^ Clymer, p. 40.
^ a b c d Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog , p. 574.
^ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog , p. 574. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
^ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog , pp. 574-575. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
^ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog , p. 575.
^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1289
^ Clymer, p. 16.
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 593
^ a b Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland .
^ Clymer, p. 51.
^ Kimes and Clark (1996), p. 625.
^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the Gearless steamer.
^ Made by the multinational as experimental models.
^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the multinational .
^ Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Gasoline and steam.
^ Flory, p. 1016, credits them only for 1950.
^ Clymer, p. 207. Supposedly from Atlanta, Georgia .
^ Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland 1916–1922.
^ Clymer, pp. 14, 22.
^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1447
^ Clymer, p. 207. One of two companies by this name.
^ a b Clymer, p. 190. Truck maker, based in Cleveland .
^ Clymer, pp. 170, 190.
^ Schwarzkopf, E.E. (1910). Automobile Topics . Retrieved December 5, 2019 .
^ Sherron, Chas. B. (1907). American Vehicle: Devoted to the Interests of the Vehicle and Accessory Trades 26 . Retrieved December 5, 2019 .
^ Clymer, p. 170. No relation to the school .
^ "Indiana Truck History Report" . Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2014 .
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 652, 761
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 682 Distinct from Hatfield Motor Vehicle Company and the Hatfield Company truck manufacturer.
^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1524
^ Clymer, p. 23. An air-cooled, built in Wisconsin , sold for US$2000.
^ Clymer, p. 112.
^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Hewitt-Lindstrom .
^ Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Steam and gasoline, based in Cleveland .
^ Distinct from the Australian company .
^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Holley .
^ a b Clymer, pp. 23, 207.
^ a b Clymer, pp. 5, 23.
^ Clymer, pp. 170, 207.
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 742
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 769, 1407 In Boston .
^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 769 In New York City.
^ Clymer, p. 207; Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 769
^ Clymer, p. 23; Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 769. In Toledo, Ohio .
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 769 In Buffalo, New York .
^ a b Clymer, pp. 18, 23.
^ Clymer, pp. 23, 153. Built in Wisconsin .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd Clymer, p. 208.
^ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Jet Propulsion Laboratory .
^ Clymer, p. 53. Also sold commercial vans of 1, 2, 3, & 6 tons.
^ Clymer, p. 131.
^ Clymer, p. 208. One of three companies by this name.
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 769
^ Flory, pp. 1011–12.
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 774
^ Clymer, p. 158. Based in Toledo, Ohio .
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 782
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Clymer, p. 190. Based in Cleveland .
^ a b c Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin .
^ Clymer, p. 208. Electrette was a model.
^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from LaSalle .
^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from Lewis Motocycle.
^ a b c Horseless Age 1895.
^ Clymer, p. 8. A four-wheeler, despite the name.
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 828
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 635
^ Clymer, p. 90. Before 1912, the cars were called Sears.
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 859–860
^ a b Kimes & Clark 1975 , p. 1004
^ began with steam autos
^ a b c d e f g h i j Clymer, p. 22.
^ Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 890
^ Clymer, pp. 190, 208. Based in Cleveland .
^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Mason steamer.
^ Clymer, p. 93. Built in Waterloo, Iowa .
^ Clymer, p. 84.
^ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin by Joe Merkel, who later built the Merkel Motorcycle.
^ Clymer, p. 23. Distinct from the Meteor steamer and the Ford division .
^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Nash
^ Clymer, p. 145. Built in Waltham, Massachusetts .
^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 929
^ Clymer, p. 93. Built in Moline, Illinois .
^ Clymer, pp. 36, 153. Built in Racine, Wisconsin .
^ Clymer, p. 57.
^ Clymer, p. 208. One of two companies by this name, distinct from Moline-Knight .
^ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Moggie .
^ Clymer, pp. 22. 208.
^ Lewis, Mary Beth. "Ten Best First Facts", in Car and Driver , 1/88, p. 92.
^ Flory, p. 1016, dates it to 1950.
^ Clymer, pp. 170, 178. Built in Traverse City, Michigan .
^ Not to be confused with the producers of the Ruxton .
^ Clymer, pp. 170–171, 208.
^ Clymer, p. 208. Often misspelled as Neilson.
^ a b c Kimes & Clark 1975 , p. 1003
^ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with the motorcycle .
^ Kimes & Clark 1975 , p. 1005
^ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Milwaukee .
^ Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 (1985), p. 1013
^ Clymer, pp. 170, 209.
^ a b c Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland .
^ Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland . Distinct from Owen Magnetic .
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1063 Built in Salem, Mass.; 1 gasoline & 2 electric cars
^ Clymer, p. 102. Built in Indianapolis, Indiana .
^ Clymer, p. 151. Built in Chicago.
^ Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1125
^ Clymer, p. 42.
^ a b c Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1126
^ Clymer, pp. 6, 153.
^ Clymer, pp. 5, 178, 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland .
^ Clymer, p. 153. Friction-drive, built in Wisconsin.
^ Freund, Klaus, ed. (August 1981). Auto Katalog 1982 (in German). Vol. 25. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG . p. 165.
^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the GM division .
^ Clymer, pp. 13, 23.
^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Porter Motor Company .
^ Flory, p. 1016. Distinct from Powell Manufacturing Company ?
^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the pickup .
^ Clymer, p. 190. Cars & trucks, based in Cleveland .
^ Clymer, p. 149.
^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Reading Steamer .
^ Clymer, p. 209. Said to be the cheapest car ever built.
^ Clymer, pp. 122-124. Producer of four-axle Octoauto and twin rear axle Sextoauto in Columbus, Indiana .
^ Clymer, p. 209. 1895 car produced by Remington Arms Company.
^ "Renaissance Cars Inc. / Zebra Motors Inc" . Retrieved September 3, 2014 .
^ Clymer, pp. 22, 209.
^ Clymer, pp. 23, 209.
^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Rogers Steamobile. One of three companies by this name.
^ Rolls-Royce
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1273
^ Clymer, p. 8. A tricycle.
^ Clymer, p. 209. Also known as Dumont.
^ Clymer, p. 8.
^ Clymer, pp. 90, 209.
^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Chrysler Sebring .
^ Clymer, p. 5. Built in Buffalo, New York .
^ Clymer, p. 88. Built by William H. Sharp.
^ "Shay Model A Roadster" . shayhistory.com . Retrieved February 4, 2018 .
^ Dixie Junior and Dixie Tourist (1908-1910 - Retrieved October 28, 2018
^ The Horseless Age : The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 22
^ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to the steam car company.
^ Clymer, pp. 23, 210.
^ Clymer, p. 210. One of two companies with this name.
^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stanley Motor Carriage Company .
^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stearns (automobile) .
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 512
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1351
^ Clymer, p. 210. One of three companies by this name.
^ Clymer, pp. 23, 210. Steam cars. One of three companies by this name.
^ Production was continued in Canada until 1966.
^ Flory, p. 1016. Fitting Cadillac V8s into Studebakers was common in the 1950s, under the nickname Studillac, as well as into Fords as Fordillacs; it appears Flory has mistaken it.
^ Clymer, pp. 38, 210.
^ Clymer, p. 210. Not to be confused with models from Dodge , Plymouth , Studebaker , Nash Motors , Chevrolet , or GMC .
^ Clymer, p. 52.
^ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Summit Racing Equipment .
^ Clymer, p. 190, locates them in Cleveland .
^ Clymer, pp. 170, 210.
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 1417–1419
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 1423–1424
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 1463, 45
^ Clymer, p. 22; Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 769, 1472
^ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Triumph Motor Company sportscars or Triumph Engineering Co Ltd motorcycles.
^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from the Victor steam cars.
^ "The Victor Page Automobile & The Victor W. Page Corp" . www.american-automobiles.com . Retrieved May 10, 2019 .
^ Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 . Krause Publications, 1985, p. 1455. ISBN 0-87341-045-9 .
^ Clymer, p. 135. Built in Painesville, Ohio .
^ Detroit-based builder of "generic" cars without badges so dealers could badge them as desired. Clymer, p.146.
^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (electric automobile company) .
^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (automobile company) .
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1491
^ Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1519
^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1521
Sources [ edit ]
Automobile Quarterly (eds.). The American Car Since 1775 . Kutztown, PA: Automobile Quarterly, Inc., 1971. ISBN 0-525-05300-X
Bird, Anthony and Douglas-Scott Montagu of Beaulieu, Edward: Steam Cars, 1770–1970 , Littlehampton Book Services Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-304-93707-X : ISBN 978-0-304-93707-3
Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 . New York: Bonanza Books, 1950.
Clymer, Floyd and Gahagan, Harry W.: Floyd Clymer's Steam Car Scrapbook , Literary Licensing, LLC, 2012. ISBN 1-258-42699-4 ; ISBN 978-1-258-42699-6
Georgano, Nick (Ed.). The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile . Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000. ISBN 1-57958-293-1
Evans, Richard J.: Steam Cars (Shire Album) , Shire Publications Ltd (booklet) 1985. ISBN 0-85263-774-8 ; ISBN 978-0-85263-774-6
Headfield, John: American Steam-Car Pioneers: A Scrapbook (1st edition). Newcomen Society in North, 1984. ISBN 9994065904 ; ISBN 978-9994065905
Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1975). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 . Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-111-0
Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1985). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 . Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-045-9
Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1996). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1942 (3rd ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause. ISBN 0-87341-428-4
Kirsch, David A.: The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History . Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick NJ and London, 2000. ISBN 0-8135-2809-7
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R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_defunct_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_United_States&oldid=1230550099 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● D e f u n c t m o t o r v e h i c l e m a n u f a c t u r e r s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ● L i s t s o f d e f u n c t c o m p a n i e s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ● L i s t s o f a u t o m o b i l e m a n u f a c t u r e r s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● C S 1 G e r m a n - l a n g u a g e s o u r c e s ( de ) ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● U s e m d y d a t e s f r o m F e b r u a r y 2 0 2 1 ● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h v a g u e o r a m b i g u o u s t i m e ● V a g u e o r a m b i g u o u s t i m e f r o m M a y 2 0 1 9 ● V a g u e o r a m b i g u o u s g e o g r a p h i c s c o p e f r o m M a y 2 0 1 9
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 3 J u n e 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 0 : 5 5 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
