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Onora O'Neill

The Right Honourable The Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve CH CBE HonFRS FBA FMedSci MRIA
President of the British Academy
In office 2005–2009
Preceded by	Garry Runciman, 3rd Viscount Runciman of Doxford
Succeeded by	Sir Adam Roberts
10th Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge
In office 1992–2006
Preceded by	Sheila Browne
Succeeded by	Patricia Hodgson
Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal
Incumbent
Assumed office 25 February 1999 Life peerage
Personal details
Born	Onora Sylvia O'Neill (1941-08-23) 23 August 1941 (age 82) Aughafatten, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
Nationality	British
Political party	None (crossbencher)
Education	St Paul's Girls' School
Alma mater	Somerville College, Oxford Harvard University
Occupation	Philosopher and politician
Awards	Berggruen Prize (2017) Holberg Prize (2017)
Philosophy career
Era	Contemporary philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Analytic philosophy
Main interests	Political philosophy ethics

Onora Sylvia O'Neill, Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve, CH, CBE, HonFRS, FBA, FMedSci, MRIA (born 23 August 1941) is a British philosopher and a crossbench member of the House of Lords.

Early life and education[edit]

Onora Sylvia O'Neill was born on 23 August 1941 in Aughafatten.^[1][2] The daughter of Sir Con O'Neill, she was educated partly in Germany and at St Paul's Girls' School, London, before studying philosophy, psychology and physiology at Somerville College, Oxford. She went on to complete a doctorate at Harvard University, with John Rawls as supervisor.

Career[edit]

During the 1970s, she taught at Barnard College, the women's college in Columbia University, New York City. In 1977, she returned to Britain and took up a post at the University of Essex; she was Professor of Philosophy there when she became Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge in 1992.^{[citation needed]}

She is an Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge, a former President of the British Academy (2005–2009) and chaired the Nuffield Foundation (1998–2010).^[3] In 2001, she delivered the Gifford LecturesonAutonomy and Trust in Bioethics at the University of Edinburgh, and again in 2013 with a series titled From Toleration to Freedom of Expression.^[4] From 2004 to 2006, she was President of the British Philosophical Association.^[5] In 2013, she held the Spinoza Chair of Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam.^[6] Until October 2006, she was the Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge, and she was chair of the Equality and Human Rights Commission until April 2016. O'Neill's work has earned her numerous honours and awards, including the million-dollar Berggruen Prize.^[7]

Philosophy[edit]

O'Neill has written widely on political philosophy and ethics, international justice, bioethics and the philosophy of Immanuel Kant.

Across various works, O'Neill has defended and applied a constructivist interpretation of Kantian ethics heavily influenced by, and yet critical of, the work of John Rawls, emphasising the importance of trust, consent and respect for autonomy in a just society. She has written extensively about trust, noting "that people often choose to rely on the very people whom they claimed not to trust" and suggesting that we "need to free professionals and the public service to serve the public...to work towards more intelligent forms of accountability...[and] to rethink a media culture in which spreading suspicion has become a routine activity".^[8]

Honours and distinctions[edit]

O'Neill has been President of the Aristotelian Society (1988 to 1989), a member of the Animal Procedures Committee (1990 to 1994), chair of Nuffield Council on Bioethics (1996 to 1998), a member and then acting chair of the Human Genetics Advisory Commission (1996 to 1999) and a member of the select committee on BBC Charter Review. She is presently chair of the Nuffield Foundation (since 1997), a trustee of Sense about Science (since 2002), a trustee of the Ditchley Foundation, and a trustee of the Gates Cambridge Trust. She also served as President of the British Academy between 2005 and 2009. She is on the Advisory Board of Incentives for Global Health, the NGO formed to develop the Health Impact Fund proposal.

In 1999, she was created a life peerasBaroness O'Neill of Bengarve, of The Braid in the County of Antrim, and in 2007 was elected an Honorary FRS.^[9] She is also a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1993) and the Austrian Academy of Sciences (2002), a Foreign Member of the American Philosophical Society (2003),^[10] and Hon. Member Royal Irish Academy (2003), a Foreign Member of the Leopoldina (2004) and the Norwegian Academy of Sciences (2006)^[11] and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences.^[12] She is an elected fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution.^[13] In 2007, O'Neill became a Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society.^[14] In 2004 she was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Letters) from the University of Bath. She is a Distinguished Senior Fellow of the School of Advanced Study, University of London, an honour awarded in 2009.

O'Neill also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2007, and from Harvard in 2010.^[15][16]

In October 2012, she was nominated as the next Chair of the Equality and Human Rights Commission,^[17] and confirmed as such in January 2013.

O'Neill was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to philosophy and public policy.^[18]

In 2014, O'Neill was elected to the German order Pour le mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste.^[19]

In September 2015, during the XII. quinquennial international Kant-conference in Vienna, she received the Kant-Preis of the Fritz Thyssen Stiftung for her scholarly work on the practical and political philosophy of Immanuel Kant. (see 12th International Kant Congress 2015 » Social Program)

In February 2016, she was awarded the Knight Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for her outstanding contribution to moral and ethical questions of trust, accountability in civic life, justice and virtue.^[20]

Currently, she is the president of the Society for Applied Philosophy, a society founded in 1982 with the aim of promoting philosophical study and research that has a direct bearing on areas of practical concern.^[21]

In 2017, she was awarded the Norwegian Holberg Prize for outstanding contributions to research in the arts and humanities "for her influential role in ethical and political philosophy".^[22] The same year she was awarded the Berggruen Prize.^[23]

O'Neill is an Honorary Fellow of Somerville College.^[24]

In 2021, O'Neill received an honorary doctorate from the University of Antwerp.^[25]

Bibliography[edit]

Books[edit]

• O'Neill, Onora (1975). Acting on principle : an essay on Kantian ethics. New York: Columbia University Press.
• O'Neill, Onora (1986). Faces of Hunger: An Essay on Poverty, Development and Justice. Allen & Unwin.
• O'Neill, Onora (1989). Constructions of Reason: Exploration of Kant's Practical Philosophy. Cambridge University Press.
• O'Neill, Onora (1996). Towards Justice and Virtue. Cambridge University Press.
• O'Neill, Onora (2000). Bounds of Justice. Cambridge University Press.
• O'Neill, Onora (2002). Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics (The 2001 Gifford Lectures). Cambridge University Press.
• O'Neill, Onora (2002). A Question of Trust: The BBC Reith Lectures. Cambridge University Press.
• O'Neill, Onora (2005). Justice, Trust and Accountability. Cambridge University Press.
• O'Neill, Onora (2007). Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics. Cambridge University Press. (with Neil Manson)
• O'Neill, Onora (2015). Constructing authorities : reason, politics, and interpretation in Kant's philosophy. Cambridge University Press.
• O'Neill, Onora (2016). Justice across boundaries : whose obligations?. Cambridge University Press.
• O'Neill, Onora (2016). Speech Rights and Speech Wrongs. Assen: Koninklijke van Gorcum.
• O'Neill, Onora (2022). A Philosopher Looks at Digital Communication. Cambridge University Press.

Selected articles[edit]

• O'Neill, Onora (Summer 1985). "Between consenting adults". Philosophy & Public Affairs. 14 (3). Wiley: 252–277. JSTOR 2265350.
• O'Neill, Onora (June 1998). "Kant on duties regarding nonrational nature". Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes. 72 (1): 211–228. doi:10.1111/1467-8349.00043. JSTOR 4107017.
• O'Neill, Onora (December 2003). "Constructivism vs. contractualism". Ratio. 16 (4): 319–331. doi:10.1046/j.1467-9329.2003.00226.x.

See also: Scanlon, T. M. (December 2003). "Replies". Ratio. 16 (4): 424–439. doi:10.1046/j.1467-9329.2003.00231.x.

• O'Neill, Onora (March–April 2013). "Interpreting the world, changing the world". Philosophy Now. 95: 8–9.
• O'Neill, Onora (2018). "Trustworthiness in Public Life" (PDF). COMEC Occasional Papers (11): 5–10.

See also[edit]

• List of Northern Ireland members of the House of Lords

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• "On the Side of the Angels" Video of Onora O'Neill debating Ken Livingstone and Peter Lilley at HowTheLightGetsIn Festival, 2 June 2013
• What Should Press Regulation Regulate? Podcast of Baroness O'Neill speaking at a conference by the Foundation for Law, Justice & Society, Oxford, 2012
• Media Freedoms and Media Standards, Centre for Ethics & Law Annual Lecture, University College London, 28 November 2012 Pdf.
• Reith Lectures 2002 on A Question of Trust by O'Neill
• Announcement of her introduction at the House of Lords House of Lords minutes of proceedings, 3 March 1999
• List of O'Neill's published books and papers in academic journals
• Onora O'NeillatTED
• Curriculum Vitae
• Amy Gutmann on Onora O'Neill University of Pennsylvania president and Berggruen Prize juror Amy Gutmann on Onora O'Neill
• IV—The Most Extensive Liberty Onora O'Neill, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 80, Issue 1, 1 June 1980, Pages 45–60, https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/80.1.45 [Open Access]